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1. iation durin 5 pulse width mean of all pulses 6 Mode A code validity 7 Mode C altitude report on the ground 8 delay time delay time jitter 9 delay time difference Mode A vs Mode C 10 delay time vs input level 11 squitter periodicity no interrogations 12 reply pulse rise amp decay times 13 reply rate vs PRF 235 Hz 500 Hz 21 MTL Mode A Mode C MTL difference Mode A vs Mode C 22 dead time 23 suppression time 24 receiving frequency acceptance 25 sidelobe suppression vs P1 P2 level ratio 26 sidelobe suppression vs P1 gt gt P2 spacing 27 sidelobe suppression vs P2 pulse width 28 interference additional P1 P1 P3 29 Mode A acceptance vs P1 gt gt P3 spacing idem Mode C 30 Mode A amp C acceptance vs P1 amp P3 width 0 3 16 3 c i not measured a few measurements only not statistically significant b one old series of transponder showed some strange behavior C one or two old series of transponder reacted to very short P1 amp P3 pulses 200 ns X XX XXX by increasing importance F FAR 43 mandatory biennial Ramp test included in STFTV SA STFTV addition to the FAR 43 requirements for Ramp testing Sp STFTV supplementary addition for Bench testing Test numbering 1 to 33 see note bottom of Table 2 next page 10 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Table2 PRESENT RAMP TESTER CAPABILITIES Transmission parameters 1090 MHz Mode A C 1
2. 3 1 2 6 11 4 2 3 21 1 12 5 5 8 18 Extraction 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 55 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 2 6 1143 3 24 1 12 5 5 8 18 Expiration 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 26 1144 3 24 1 12 5 5 8 18 Interruption 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 55 8 21 22 amp 23 31261145 3 21 5 1 5 5 5 8 23 Enhanced broadcast Comm B protocol 3 1 2 7 Introduction Extended length communication transactions 8112711 6 Transponder sTest Benches Requirements Annexe annex ml ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 3 1 2 7 3 1 3 18 4 16 5 5 8 29 KE Control ELM 3 1 2 7 3 2 3 18 4 25 5 5 8 29 4 ND Number of D segment 5 5 8 32 2 amp 8 8112733 8127421 E WEE MIENNE ae 3 1 2 7 4 2 3 8127424 81274 27 3 1 2 7 6 3 81277411 8127742 8127722 8127 81 812792 3 1 2 7 9 2 3 3 1 2 7 9 2 4 3 1 2 7 9 3 1 3 1 2 7 9 3 4 3 1 2 7 9 3 5 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 7 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 3 1 2 8 1 1 3 1 2 8 1 2 3 18 4 31 5 5 8 2 b RL Reply length ZE JE S 3 12 8 1 3 3 1 2 8 2 5 4 4 1 2 Short air air surveillance downlink format 0 3 1 2 8 2 1 3 18 4 38 5 5 8 7 VS Vertical status 3 21 1 6 5 4 12 2 2 6 5 5 8 7 3 18 4 30 5 4 12 1 2 c RI Reply information air air 5 5 8 12 5 5 8 12 1 amp 3 Air air transaction protocol 3 1 2 8 5 3 16 7 2 5 4 11 2 d Acquisition squitter HN NN RN 3 1 2 8 5 1 3 20 2 6 1a 5 4 3 2 2 Acquisition squitter format ass JI 5 5 8 6 5 4 3
3. The maintenance lab tool must in addition e test all protocols for DATA LINK and some ACAS protocols and the research lab tool be able to vary the interrogator s frequency e test all ACAS protocols GLOBAL PROPOSAL Note To develop new ramp amp lab test benches one has to consider the following points e the research lab tool shall be able to test ALL the parameters defined in the various MOPS mentioned above e the ramp tool shall be able to test all the IMPORTANT parameters as shown in the above chapter JAA43 STFTV and MOPS protocols list contains obligations for ramp testing but this is far from being enough e to preserve the future the tools will be able to enlarge their capabilities at least in the protocol domain Procedures All tests in Tables 1 2 amp 3 plus the equivalent tests in other Modes whenever it applies are grouped into test PROCEDURES See the following Tables 4 amp 5 Hereafter procedure x is labelled PX A subset of this maximum list is then proposed for the maintenance lab test set a further reduced list is then eventually proposed for the Ramp test set Each procedure will describe a set of n interrogation reply sequences that must be carried out to verify each characteristic or action of the transponder For the electric tests it corresponds to n identical sequences where n is a function of the required accuracy For the protocol tests it is a series of necess
4. UM 0 AC x MB 0 AP XPDRs address x Gilham conversion of the ground altitude and 1000 ft if altitude is switched off if YES idem with x each of Gilham conversion of the various altitudes set on the variator 26 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 11 a Verification Mode A Report Performance specifications i MS 2 5 3 5 6 3 20 2 11 MT 5 5 8 11 protocol procedure n 11 Interrogation reply sequences UF 05 PC 20 RR 20 DI 20 SD 0000 AP the address F 21 reply The pilot manipulates the control box switches to follow a list of the 66 combinations containing 2 ONEs and 10 ZEROs plus 66 others with 2 ZEROs and 10 ONEs Control The correct replies for each of the successive codes X introduced by the pilot DF 05 FS 1 DR 0 UM 2 0 AC X AP XPDRs address DF 21 FS 1 DR 0 UM 0 AC X MB 0 AP XPDRs address Reduced version if available time is too short only the A 1642 code is used instead of the 66 66 combinations Procedure P 12 a Verification RI Acquisition and Maximum Airspeed Performance specifications 1 MS 3 17 1 3 18 4 30 amp 35 3 23 1 5 MT 5 5 8 12 protocol procedure n 12 Interrogation _ reply sequences Depends on whether the XPDR is ACAS compatible or not 1 NOT ACAS compatible UF 00 000 RL 0 000 AQ 0 amp 1 000 000
5. reply at 7 0 7 8 8 2 9 0 us and 20 0 20 8 21 2 22 0 us only 3 1 2 Modes S and Intermode A amp C Electrical Procedures Procedure P 71 a Verification Reply Frequency b Performance specifications i MS 3 3 1 MT5 4 2 1 C Fixed settings l Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 50 Hz level at XPDR input 50 dBm i gt XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress 100 interrogation UF 05 SS reply DF 05 sequences i or Intermode A SS reply DF11 sequences e Measurement amp display i Frequency 1090 MHz mean value of all Mode S pulses Transponders Test Benches Requirements 19 Procedure P 72 a Verification Mean Output Power Pulse Amplitude Variation Mean Pulse Positions Mean Pulse Width Performance specifications MS 3 3 3 3 6 1 t03 6 6 MT 5 4 2 2 5 4 3 2 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm i gt XPDR code A 1642 Test progress i 100 interrogation UF 05 or 21 SS reply DF 05 or 21 sequences or Intermode A 95 reply DF11 sequences Measurement amp display Frequency 1090 MHz mean value of all Mode S pulses power mean value of all Mode S pulses diagram amplitude of each reply datapulse 1st gt gt 56th or 112 th pulse position mean offset nominal vs 1st pulse 0 5 x n us pulse width mean value of separately the preamble pulses the 0 5 us pulses amp the 1 us pulses Note depe
6. 100 identical interrogation reply sequences Time spacing are counted from the pulse front edges at half amplitude 3 Unless otherwise stated PRF is 450 Hz for Mode A amp C and 50 Hz for Intermodes and Mode S When maximum load is requested Mode A code is set to 7377 the SPI if necessary because the highest load code A 7777 could mislead safety on radar s in the vicinity When a variation between successive bits is desirable A 1642 is used 4 The sign go means in a sequence the interrogation followed by its reply 5 The sign gt shows settings on the transponder side fixed and or modified during the test that is entered or executed by the pilot Procedures P58 amp 77 measuring the MTLs must be executed before the other Receiver Capability tests 58 before 59 to 66 and 77 before 80 to 87 that need the MTL values i So it is recommended to follow simply the numerical order 51 to 66 71 to 87 2 to 19 in the automatic sequence see 4 2 4 for more details ARSA AAAA AA ONERE RR ET TELLE ERE RATAN CELA LIT RERLT TITEL CREE RA OECD ECRECE EET ESELD TERT LO ILE EOHIRE HE ELEC E ELE ELE OCEHE ERSTER TELLER TIER E Transponders Test Benches Requirements 15 3 1 1 Mode A amp C Procedures Procedure P 51 a Verification i Reply Frequency Performance specifications i MS 3 3 1 MT 54 2 1 Fixed settings i interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm Mode A i gt gt
7. 20 amp 21 PC 0107 IIS 1 LOS 0 Address FFFFFF hex i UF04 05 20 amp 2107 PC 1 IIS 0 LOS 1 Address is not the XPDR s one then verify NO LOCKOUT is engaged by sending sequentially the Intermode A S amp C S and UF11 with PR 0 Il 1to15 i etc see ref 11 and MT 5 5 8 4 for the details Test progress and Control i Start the sequence 4P the program displays line after line each uplink messages and the related reply or no reply both with time marks an OK symbol is added at line end replaced by the reply contents if faulty e g if no reply is expected or sorry No Reply when so where one reply is expected start the sequence 4N same verification Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P5 a Verification Multisite Selective Lockout b Performance specifications i MS 3 20 2 5 3 21 2 1 MT 5 5 8 5 protocol procedure n 5 Ref 11 Mode S Sl code validation C Installation preparation amp fixed settings As in procedure P 4 but the lockout is now selective that is the XPDR does not reply to All call s coming from the interrogator that initiated the lockout in the interrogations sequences hereunder message are sent at well defined times to test the XPDR s non reply to the correct UF11 when it must be locked amp positive replies either when lockout must be finished or when interrogated by another interrogator or when the lockout has not to be engaged
8. 5 5 8 22 24 amp 25 55833 amp 41 3 1 2 10 5 2 2 5 4 12 4 Indirect data transaction rates 5 4 12 4 2 5 5 8 28 amp 32 3 17 3 c 3 5 4 12 3 5 4 12 3 2 5 5 8 15 5 5 8 15 2 5 5 8 22 24 amp 25 5 5 8 33 amp 41 3 1 2 10 5 3 3 17 2 b 2 5 4 13 Integrity of data content transfer 3 1 2 10 5 4 3 17 5 5 4 12 5 amp 6 Message cancellation 3 1 2 10 5 5 3 21 1 12 55 8 18 Air directed messages 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 2 11 Essential system characteristics of the ground interrogator 3 1 2 11 1 Interrogation repetition rates 3 1 2 11 1 1 3 1 2 11 1 2 prj fe All callinterrogation repetition rate gt Interrogation repetition rate to a single aircraft LM CTS itemogatonsrequrngarepy i 31211122 na Uplink ELM interrogations i 912 11 13 NA f Transmission rate for selective interrogations 312112 N A Interogatreffeciveradiaed power 812113 N A lmacivestateinteogatorouputpower 31 2 1131 NA Spurious emission radiation 2 812114 N A Thetoleraneont ansmttedsignals 2 312115 N A Spuriousresponse S als Be 3 1 2 11 5 N A 812417 Lockout co ordination Mobile interrogators Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 11
9. CA verification Selective lockou Squitter verification FS amp VS protocol code Parity identity PI verification Address verification Altitude report 4096 code RI acquisition 12 PR reply probability stochastic acquisition 13 Comm A interface amp information content 15 Broadcast All Call formats uplink 16 Downlink interface DF 0 DF 16 Comm B protocol AIS flight ident protocol amp interface Basic extended capability report Directed Comm B Comm B broadcast Downlink interface storage design buffer rate Downlink interface no storage design Enhanced Comm D protocol Directed Comm D Comm D interface rate amp content Comm U uplink interfac Sensitivity RA report to Mode S ground interrogator Transmission of ACAS capability information SE ee ee em d ACAS or XPDR ACAS failure during transmission 33 Coordination ACAS broadcast message 35 XPDR replies to incoming ACAS resolution mess 36 37 XPDR communication timing ACAS crosslink Numbers in brackets means the parameter can be tested during another procedure in order to reduce the total measurement time 12 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Table4 MAXIMUM TEST LIST ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS All XPDRs Mode S XPDRs only Transponder s transmission characteristics 1090 MHz 1 reply frequency 2 mean output power 3 pulse amplitude variation during a reply 4 pulse positions max amp mean offset 5 pulse width mean of
10. Incl AIS flight ident amp other BDS Basic extended capability report Directed Comm B Comm B broadcast Downlink interface storage design buffer rate Downlink interface no storage design Comm C protocol Uplink interface ELM Comm C Comm D protocol Enhanced Comm D protocol Comm U uplink interface Sensitivity level operation RA report to Mode S ground interrogator Transmission of ACAS capability information ACAS or XPDR ACAS failure during transmission Coordinati ACAS crosslink Note In BOLD OBLIQUE procedures for the Ramp Test set see 2 5 4 MOPS number 32 32A amp B XPDR level applicable MAXIMUM TEST LIST PROTOCOLS procedures results obtained in tests P2 PA amp P5 results obtained in test P18 P17 KEEA rra PEKANTE EE P 18 Transponders Test Benches Requirements IQ 3 RAMP TEST SET 3 1 PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION There are 3 groups of procedures e Mode A amp C procedures 3 1 1 e Mode S amp Intermode A amp C electrical procedures 3 1 2 e Mode S protocol procedures 3 1 3 1 MS Eurocae MOPS ED 73A see ref 2 for SSR transponders performance specifications its 3 2 MT 5 j i test procedures data its 8 5 4 amp 5 5 8 It is useful to refer also to the Cross Reference table in Annexe which gives the relevant ICAO Annex1 Oparagraphs 2 Mean in the 3 paragraphs 3 1 1 to 3 1 3 all values are computed as the mean of 100 replies
11. Pulse Amplitude Variation Mean Pulse Positions Mean Pulse Width idem Ramp Test set see page 20 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 45 Procedure P 73 a Verification Delay time Delay Time Jitter b Performance specifications i MS 3 7 2 MT 54 3 3 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 50 Hz level at XPDR input 50 dBm d Test progress i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences e Measurement amp display l Delay time P6 Sy Ph Rev to first preamble pulse mean value and o Procedure P74 a Verification i Pulse Rise amp Decay Times in Inter Mode S b Performance specifications i MS3 65 MT5 4 3 2 C Installation amp fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 7 d Test progress Continuous interrogation 99 reply sequences time to examine the screen i XPDR code A 1642 e Measurement amp display Observe the rise and decay times with screen markers of the various pulses and give the variation if there is one Remark this test requires the same installation as test 56 so both should be executed sequentially Procedure P 75 a Verification i Mixed Reply Rate Capability idem Ramp Test set see page 20 46 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P76 a di ef d2 e2 Verification Diversity Isolation Performance specifications i MS 3 16 MT54 11 Installation amp fixed settings l Connect the equipment as o
12. b Performance specifications i MS 3 20 2 6 3 21 2 6 3 21 1 12 MT 5 4 8 2 2 amp 3 i ANNEX 10 ref 1 3 1 2 8 5 amp 6 C Interrogation 99 reply sequences Unsolicited replies in Mode S No interrogations for the squitter themselves but interrogations are sent to determine the choice of contents in the extended squitter ME field Remark If existing the onboard mutual suppressing system must be inhibited 1 XPDRs with ACQUISITION SQUITTER ONLY the DF 11 s are transmitted with the following contents DF11 CA AA 24 bits Pl address in clear parity on Il 00 300 squitters are observed without any interrogations 2 XPDRs with EXTENDED SQUITTER the DF 11 s are transmitted like above then DF 17 s are transmitted with the following contents DF17 CA AA 24 bits ME 56 bits PI address in clear broadcast message parity on Il 00 i Fill XPDR register 0 6 with surface format type 6 and movement field set to 30 kts data 35 6A AA AA AA AA AA refresh it each second Enable the On the ground condition Sequence UF04 with RR 16 DI 2 and SD TC822 RCS 1 SAS 2 for enabling Ground position fast rate bottom antenna UFO4 with RR 16 DI 7 and SD RRS 6 to generate a GICB 0 6 content 50 sec of squitters are observed Repeat the sequence with RCS 2 to provoke the low rate d Control i The random transmission rates for the various squitters diagrams
13. the capability and P 8 the PI verification are checked in the replies DF11 in P 2 Squitter verification protocol n 6 these last years the squitter protocols simple and extended have changed and may change further since their increasing role in ATC The ramp test bench shall be built such as only to accept and analyse the various squitter periodicity P 6 Mode S addresses are tested in various combinations to discover e g incorrect cabling or bad contact in the transponder rack mounting procedure P 9 Procedure 1 0 verifies the altitude reports but this depends on the installation possibilities Procedure 1 1 corresponds to the Mode A code validity executed on Mode A amp C transponders but contained here in a Mode S downlink messages the importance is therefore the same Aircraft identification and stochastic behavior of the transponder are important data for a smooth radar behavior these characteristics are easily tested in procedures 1 2 amp 13 Comm B messages are important in the exchanges between ground and aircraft for various reasons including ADS they are not mandatory for all levels of transponders more some characteristics are not yet adopted neither definitive But many BDS see Mode S Specific Services are already defined and they are included in the Basic and Enhanced Surveillance Functionalities Therefore a new procedure P 1 7 concerning the GICB registers is developed for ramp testing Finally an AC
14. 2 2 Mode S Characiertsilce nen nnnnnnn nenn 6 2 3 Latest Heouirements eee nennen 7 2 4 Global Proposals ui ict tot te are 7 2 5 List of Procedures for The Ramp Test set 8 2 6 List of Procedures for The Laboratory Test set 9 3 RAMP TEST SET ERR RU EE EE RUE REFERRI 15 3 1 Procedures Description AANEREN NENNEN ENEE 15 3 2 Ramp Test Program erred tette e eae recen 30 3 3 Technical Data iere er eret a ee ee 34 3 4 Combined bench ran nnn nennen nen 34 3 5 Testing Environment 34 4 LABORATORY TEST BENCH me emen enne rh nenens 35 4 1 Procedures Description cccseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeenereee es 35 4 2 Bench Test Program AAR ENNEN 69 4 3 Teclinical Data iiU tus 70 4 4 Testing Environment ceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeesees 70 5 REFERENCES ANNEXE Cross reference tables Annex 10 to ED 73A requirements and tests Transponders Test Benches Requirements vii blank page viii Transponders Test Benches Requirements IQ 1 PRESENT SITUATION amp NEEDS 1 1 NEED FOR TEST BENCHES 1 1 1 A bit of history The ramp equipment for XPDR maintenance testing did evolve from totally manual test sets only capable of fixed Mode A C interrogations only the spacing P1 P3 was variable fixed PRF and SLS conditions and few reply analyses frequency rough power 96 of reply pulse position of F2 only and acceptance window for other ones up to the pre
15. Amplitude Variation Mean Pulse Width Pulse Positions l Mode A Pulse Decoding b Performance specifications i MS 3 3 3 3 5 1 to6 MT 5 4 2 2 5 4 3 1 C Fixed settings l Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm Mode A d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences with XPDR set to code A 7777 amp PRF 200 Hz repeated with successively code A 7777 amp PRF 1000 Hz code A 7777 amp PRF 1200 Hz code A 4000 amp PRF 500 Hz code A 0400 amp PRF 500 Hz e Measurement amp display Reply code displayed for each code and power combination power mean value of all pulses mean value of lowestpulse maximum variation between all pulse in a reply min max position of ALL pulses vs F1 n x 1 45 us mean value of each pulse and the maximum offset that is the offset of the worst pulse pulse width mean value of all pulses Transponders Test Benches Requirements 39 Procedure P 53 a Verification i Delay Time Delay Time Jitter Delay Time Difference Mode A vs C Code C idem Ramp Test set see page 17 Procedure P 54 a c o Verification Delay Time vs Input Level Performance specifications i MS37 1 MT 5 433 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 500 Hz Mode AXPDR code set to A 7777 repetition under Mode C is not necessary i XPDR altimeter switched out Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences Measureme
16. EUROCAE Doc ED 86 July 1997 Mode S Specific Services Manual ICAO Doc 9688 AN 952 June 1997 Mode S Specific Services and Data link Test bench EEC note 11 98 April 1998 Mode S Airborne Equipment Assesment Sl code validation EEC note 03 20001 February 2001 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 71 72 Transponders Test Benches Requirements ANNEXE Cross reference tables IM Annex10 ED 73 requirements and tests CES DR ING F ZIEGLER DOC MODS1010 3 ISS 1 06 12 98 document copied and reformatted This paper provides a lists with all cross references between Annex 10 requirements the ED 73A chapter 3 requirements section and the ED 73A chapter 5 testing section annex 10 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 31 headine J Secondary surveillance radar SSR system characteristics 311 j headine Systems having only Mode A and Mode C capabilities Interrogation and control interrogation side lobe suppression Radio frequencies ground to air Interrogator and control transmission characteristics interrogation side lobe suppression signals in space 3 5 2 e Er o o s U Ul fen eR Mode C capabilities only foa s482 LY sm1b s482 E Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 1 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title fosa 54 sf 3 5 4 8 54252 T E 3 11 5 4 2 5 eoan NETT 3 20 2 2 j 5 5 8
17. MHz steps l 2 100 interrogation 5 reply sequences for levels at input XPDR MTL 60 dB i repeated for 1000 gt gt 1020 MHz amp 1040 gt gt 1060 MHz in 0 5 MHz steps e Measurement amp display i Diagram MTL vs input frequency in part 2 the program extracts the power level where the reply 96 crosses the value 90 Procedure P 81 a Verification i Sidelobe Suppression vs P5 P6 Level Ratio b Performance specifications i MS3 8 3 MT5443 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting UF04 d Test progress with a P2 at nominal position amp width P5 P6 ratio varying from 15 dB gt gt 6 dB per 1 dB steps 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step repeated for the level at XPDR input 21 dBm 50 dBm amp MTL 3 dB e Measurement amp display l Diagram reply vs P5 P6 ratio tolerance areas shown for the three input power levels Procedure P 82 see page 43 tests P63 82 Procedure P 83 see page 44 tests P65 83 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 49 Procedure P 84 a Verification i Intermode A 96 C Acceptance vs P1 gt gt P3 Spacing b Performance specifications i MS 3 9 3 MT 5 4 5 2 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting no P2 P3 gt gt P4 spacing nominal i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress Level at XPDR input 21 40 amp 60 dBm P1 gt gt P3 spacing varying from 6 5 gt gt 9 5 us and 19 5 gt gt 22
18. XPDR code A 7377 SPI Test progress 100 interrogation 95 reply sequences Measurement amp display i Frequency 1090 MHz mean value of all pulses Procedure P 52 a Verification l Mean Output Power Pulse Amplitude Variation Mean Pulse Width Pulse Positions i Mode A pulse decoding Performance specifications i MS 3 3 3 3 5 1 106 MT 5 4 22 5 4 3 1 Fixed settings i Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm Mode A Test progress 100 interrogation 5 reply sequences with gt XPDR set to code A 7377 repeated with successively gt codes A 4000 and A 0400 Measurement amp display Reply code displayed for each code power mean value of all pulses mean value of lowest pulse maximum variation between all pulse in a reply min max position of ALL pulses vs F1 n x 1 45 us mean value of each pulse and the maximum offset that is the offset of the worst pulse pulse width mean value of all pulses Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 53 a Verification i Delay Time Delay Time Jitter Delay Time Difference Mode A vs C Code C b Performance specifications 1 MS 3 7 1 Annex 10 Gilham conversion MT 5 4 3 3 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences in Mode A idem Mode C i XPDR code A 1642 altimeter switched out if possible
19. all pulses Me i 6 Mode A code validity l see P11 7 Mode C altitude i see P10 8 delay time delay time jitter l 9 delay time difference Mode A vs Mode C 10 delay time delay time jitter 11 squitter periodicity 12 reply pulse rise amp decay times 13 reply rate vs PRF 21 reveiver dynamic range MTL all Modes 22 dead time 23 s i 24 receiving frequency acceptance 25 sidelobe suppression vs P1 P2 level ratio inModeS vs P5 P6level ratio 26 sidelobe suppression vs P1 gt gt P2 spacing 27 sidelobe suppression vs P2 pulse width 33 Mode S acceptance vs P2 gt gt SyPhRev spacing Legend notapplicable v applicable X id mandatory and or recommende by STFTV test similar in Mode S XX id and or important for ATC to be executed also by the ramp test set In BOLD OBLIQUE procedures for the ramp test set see 2 5 4 Test numberingin the first column 1 to 33 see note bottom of Table 2 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 13 Table 5 Procedures Error protection Interrogation acceptance CA verification Non selective all call lockout Squitter verification FS amp VS protocol code Parity identity PI verification RI acquisition amp maximum airspeed PR reply probability stochastic acquisition Downlink interface DF 0 DF 16 GICB register extraction decoding only Comm B protocol Enhanced Comm B protocol GICB regiter extraction amp interface
20. and 21 Control Verify that this Directed Comm D has not interrupted an existing reservation condition Procedure P28 a 68 Verification i Comm D Interface Performance specifications 1 MS 3 17 4 MT 5 5 8 32 protocol procedure n 28 Interrogation 9 reply sequences The present test uses the same installation as for the procedure 26 Whatever the concept of the transponder interface the avionic side of the transponder must generate as many ND field values as the maximum capacity of the transponder maximum maximorum 16 segments in 4 sec The MD field will use successively all combinations of two ONES and all combinations of two ZEROS Prepare a sequence of requests containing each of the 6320 codes obtained hereabove spread over groups of segments equaling the maximum capacity of the transponder at its maximum speed Control Verify that all codes input into the transponder are correctly received at the ground Transponders Test Benches Requirements 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 2 5 4 2 5 1 4 2 5 2 BENCH TEST PROGRAM Preparation For each test files must be filled that will be part of uplink messages or input to the back side interface and hence into downlink messages these data will be sent by either master and or slave at the required times and sometimes depending on the transponder s reaction These series of data have been detailed in each of the test
21. att 1 00 s at t 1 08 s att 1 16s at t 1 32 s at t 1 48 s at t 1 64 s send 4 interrogations at 2500 s send 4 send 8 send 8 send 8 send 18 send 4 send 4 send 8 send 8 send 8 8 send 1 j Sequence of interrogations 15C 100 interrogations out of any part of the sequence 15A send in burst as follows att 0 00 s at t 0 08 s att 0 16s at t 0 32 s at t 0 48 s at t 0 64 s att 0 75s Transponders Test Benches Requirements send 4 interrogations at 2500 s send 4 send 8 send 8 send 8 send 18 send 16 2500 s 320 s 320 s 320 s 180 s 2500 s 2500 s 320 s 320 s 320 s 180 s 2500 s 320 s 320 s 320 s 180 s 180 s 59 d Control Start the sequence 15A the program compares and displays line after line each uplink MA messages and the related output of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both units are grouped in one box both with time marks an OK symbol is added at line end or the differences if not correct Start the sequence 15B for XPDRs without memory same comparison for XPDRs with memory it controls the sequence order is strictly the same as the one sent Start the sequence 15C for memory type XPDRs only 1 sec after the burst the program controls that at least the 50 first messages are present AND no reply has been generated that do not correspond to these messages present Procedure P 16 a Verification Broadcast All c
22. can control the exactness of the measurements by connecting a reference transponder It must be possible to insert a virtual delay to simulate any reasonnable range of the transponder TESTING ENVIRONMENT In contrary to the Ramp Test unit the Laboratory unit will be used mainly in technical areas inside and will therefore follow the common requests for this sort of equipment Transponders Test Benches Requirements 5 REFERENCES UI Ref UI peza UI Ret3 UI Ref4 amp 5 UI Ret6 CD pez UI Ret8 UI Ret9 UI Ref 10 UI Ref11 b ICAO ANNEX 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Vol IV Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems Second edition July 1998 Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Secondary Surveillance Radar Mode S Transponders EUROCAE Doc ED 73A February 1999 Off line Tools for Airborne Equipment EUROCONTROL DED3 information paper for the SSGT meeting October 1996 GTVS Ground Transponder Verification Two Feasibility Studies ordered by EUROCONTROL terminated in 1993 1 INTERSOFT ELECTRONICS Olen Belgium 2 THOMSON CSF SDC Meudon la for t France STFTV Surveillance Team Task Force on Transponder Verification EEC note 20 95 A Field Study of Transponder Performance in General Aviation Aircraft Report FAA Tech Center DOT FAA CT 97 7 December 1997 Equipment Characteristics for Mode S Transponders with Extended Interface Functions Mark 4 Transponders
23. i if not the altimeter will correspond to the ground altitude e Measurement amp display Delay time P3 gt gt F1 mean value Mode A and Mode C are compared jitter on delay time o of 100 replies reply altitude decoded either C 0000 or xxxx corresponding to 1000 ft or to ground altitude Procedure P 57 a Verification i Reply Rate vs PRF b Performance specifications i MS3 4 1 MT5425 C Fixed settings i Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm i gt gt XPDR code A 7377 SPI d Test progress PRF 500 interrogations per sec during one sec followed by 5 or 10 sec rest then idem at 600 700 1500 interrogations per sec e Measurement amp display i Diagram reply vs PRF Transponders Test Benches Requirements 17 Procedure P58 a Verification i Mode A amp C Sensitivity MTL b Performance specifications i MS 3 2 4 MT5442 C Fixed settings i Interrogator at nominal setting i XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero if possible i if not the altimeter will correspond to the ground altitude d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences level at XPDR input 60 gt gt 80 dBm per 1 dB steps first with Mode A then repeated using Mode C e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs input power MTL interrogator s level when reply rate crosses 90 1 MTL difference Mode A lt gt C displayed Procedure P 62 a Verificat
24. of Number of events vs time between messages in steps of 15 ms values are as follows DF 11 mean rate 1 sec limits 0 8 to1 2 s DF 17 register O6 2 sec limits 0 4 to0 6s for the high rate i DF 17 register Op 2 10 sec limits 4 8 to5 2s for the low rate Observe the contents of the ME fields 0 6 registers Transponders Test Benches Requirements 25 Procedure P9 a Verification i Mode S Address b Performance specifications MS 3 17 1 3 18 4 7 amp 34 3 20 2 1 2 amp 11 MT 5 5 8 9 extract of protocol procedure n 9 C Interrogation 9 reply sequences UF 05 PC 20 RR 0 DI 0 SD F000 AP X i UF 11 PR 0 IC Y CL Z zeros AP X where X the 552 combinations of 2 ONEs amp 22 ZEROs and of 2 ZEROs amp 22 ONEs plus the known the sole address of the transponder in test in the aircraft and Y Z equal successively 1 0 14 0 1 1 14 1 1 2 144 these Y and Z variations are proposed to verify the reply to the new SI codes which contains the old II field and are a combination of IC and CL fields d Control The non reply to all 7 x 552 combinations to UF 05 to UF 11 with the 6 different Y Z combinations the reply with correct contents for the 7 interrogations that must be accepted DF 05 FS 1 DR 0 UM 0 ID code 7377 AP XPDRs address DF 11 CA 0 4 5 or 6 depending on the capability AA XPDRs address PI as
25. reply frequency 2 mean output power 4 pulse positions mean offset 5 pulse width mean of all pulses 8 delay time delay time jitter 11 squitter periodicity 15 diversity isolation 21 MTL all Mode s 25 sidelobe suppression vs P1 P2 level ratio inModeS vs P5 P6 level ratio 31 Intermode A amp C acceptance vs P4 width Intermode A amp C only All Call 32 Intermodes acceptance vs P3 gt gt P4 spacing 33 Mode S acceptance vs P2 Sync Ph Rev spacing uplink address control long squitter UF4 UF5 UF 11 Mode S Only All Call UF 16 Note Y yes available n a not applicable to this Mode 1 should not reply 2 in octal Comm A only MA field programmable limited and uneasy Comm B difficult to extract the GICB registers BDS For the sake of cross reference the test numbers first column are common to Tables 1 2 amp 4 UE RR n 1 15 electrical characteristics of the transponder s transmission 1090 MHz n 21 gt 33 electrical characteristics transponder s reception capability 1030 MHz Intermodes limited 2 limited 2 no numbers for the message protocol tests as they will be regrouped with the MOPS procedure tests that follow Transponders Test Benches Requirements Table3 MOPS ED 73A PROTOCOL PROCEDURES Procedures MOPS XPDR Laboratory Ramp procedure level tests tests number Error protection Interrogation acceptance
26. restarts of lockouts is also tested x 1 to 15 y 1 to 63 to gain time UF04 and 05 are mixed as well as UF20 and 21 see the sequences Sequence of interrogations 5 1 Timer duration and insensivity to non valid signals tests a sequences for IIS att 0 send UFOS POSO RRSO DIET S555 0000 0891 WWW AP att 0 02s send UF11 with Il x No Reply expected att 0 04109 90s send UF11 with II not x No Reply expected att 0 3s interlace send UF05 with IC x 1 at t 10 0 to s send UF05 with Il x but with all 6x2 other DI LOS incorrect combinations at t 13 3 to s send UF04 with I x but with all 8x2 other DI LSS combinations at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 16 9s send UF11 with Il x No Reply expected att 19 1s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected repeat the sequence inverting simultaneously UF04 lt gt 05 DI 21 lt gt 7 b sequence for SIS att 0 send UF Poo ARCO Bier SD SS iS9 000009 4 att 0 02s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expected att 0 04109 90s send UF11 with SI not y No Reply expected att 0 3s interlace send UF04 with ISI y 1 att 10 0to s send UF04 with SI y but with all 8x2 other DI LOS combinations att 13 3to0 s send UF04 with SI y but with all 6x2 other DI LSS incorect combinations at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 16 9s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expecte
27. two RF units another to act as an interface to the ADLP Both must be able to generate all the tests described in the test lists above and therefore must have the following capacities Both units Output Uplink characteristics e frequency idem Ramp test set see 3 3 e pulses idem Ramp test set e pulse sequences idem Ramp test set e repetition rate idem Ramp test set e power to44dBm 50or 25 W in steps of 0 5 dB difference between channels up to 40 dB e RF output both units connector N e other output both detected videos Both units Input Downlink characteristics e frequency idem Ramp test set e pulse idem Ramp test set e power range at input connector 20dBm to 5 dBm with a resolution of 0 5 dB PC and its interfaces e Ofthe shelf recent model latest WINDOWS or MacOS operating system of the shelf display e Memory and computing capability corresponding to the tests to be executed including what is written in the 4 2 e An interface card controlling the two RF cards with a synchro line to a possible external unit like an oscilloscope see figure 9 e Aninterface card simulating the avionic input output to the ADLP or Transponder depending on the transponder construction with the relevant ARINC connections Autotest The system must contain an autotest device launched automatically by switching on and on request This autotest verifies the input and output of the system and
28. 00 AP XPDRs address BF 20 or 21 replies where z is the interrogator s ident IIS subfield e g 15 xand y vary so as to request various BDS presently in us or proposed see hereunder x sum of 16 BDS1 subfield i y RRS subfield BDS2 subfield Hence if the desired BDS 4 1 BDS1 4 amp BDS2 hence RR 20 amp RRS 1 i The list of registers proposed for the Basic and Enhanced Surveillance is 10 47 2 0 4 0 4 1 5 0 6 0 gt The transponder must be linked to the corresponding interfaces ADLP that will input the relevant information in the corresponding register 255 x 56 bit buffer Control The correct contents of the replies DF 20 or 21 l DF 20 FS 1 DR 0 UM X AC altitude 0 MB message AP XPDRs address or DF 21 FS 2 1 DR 0 UM X ID a c code A MB message AP XPDRs address with UM IIS followed by IDS IIS z above and IDS 1 active CommB reservation For each of the desired register the MB message must be converted following the contents as defined in the Mode S Specific Service Manual For example for register 4 0 Aircraft Intention the message content is bit 1 to 13 selected altitude in steps of 16 ft bit 1 status bit 2 MSB bit 14 to 24 selected altitude rate in steps of 32 ft min bit 14 status bit 15 MSB bit 25 to 35 selected magnetic course 0 heading 1 in steps of 3
29. 2 9 amp 13 134 E 3 1 1 7 10 3 7 1 5 4 3 3 Reply delay and jitter N A 3 3 3 5 4 2 2 558101142 Identification eee 3 1 1 7 13 5 4 3 1 2 Transmission of the special position identification SPI pulse 3 1 1 7 14 3 22 3 N A Antenna 311181 N A 3 1 1 8 1 1 3 1 1 8 2 3 1 1 8 3 8 119 3 1 1 10 3 1 1 10 2 33 121 3 1 1 11 1 3 1 1 11 2 312 3124 31214 812412 31 213 3 1 2 1 4 812 142 8121421 NA Phase reversal duration O 3121422 NA Phase relationship o 3 12 15 introduction Pulse and phase reversal sequences 3 1 2 1 5 1 headine Intermode interrogation i O 3121511 163 Mode A C S all call interrogation LLnLnD 3121512 163 Mode A C only all call interrogation 8121513 163 fe Pulseintervals 8121514 163 Pulseamplitudes 312152 163 ModeSinterrogation i y O 3121521 164 Mode Ssidelobe suppression O Technical characteristics of ground interrogators with Mode A and Mode C capabilities only Interrogation repetition frequency Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Polarization Modulation 2 Transponder sTest Benches Requirements Annexe annex 10 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title s1arsz2 ie4 Smepmserwesd 3 1 2 1 52 8 1 64 Data prase reversas 2121524 3 1 2 1 525 1 64 __ Pulse amplitudes 5122 neadine Repwsnas ispacec
30. 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 b TEST LIST DETERMINATION MODE A amp C TESTING HISTORY see Table 1 Transponder measurements Starting in 1984 two successive mobile test installations the MTPA first and then the DATAS were built by EUROCONTROL for measuring transponders either on the bench or aboard aircraft moving on runways of several European airports Thousands of transponders have been measured and statistical data collected served as support for ATC surveillance planning Information on the defective transponders was also transmitted to administrations and companies but the follow up of this procedure was not really engaged During the same period the equipment served as a very useful tool for transponder problem analysis and for development investigations and pre certification of the first European Mode S transponders The technology and the use of these equipment are since obsolete but they form a first base for the present test definition in Mode A amp C Automatic testing project As a follow up of these equipment a feasibility study was submitted for an equipment called GTVS Ground Transponder Verification System to be installed on airports for measuring automatically the transponders aboard the landing aircraft see refs 4 amp 5 The required list of tests took into account the results of 5 years of measurements with the MTPA reporting in particular fault percentages the theoretical consequences of malfunctio
31. 2 1 4 3 18 4 15 5 5 8 4 amp 5 Operation based on lockout override for an interrogator without an assigned interrogator code 3 20 2 2 g 5 5 8 2 9 amp 13 3 21 1 1 5 5 8 15 3 1 2 5 2 1 3 3 18 4 7 5 5 8 4 CL code label 5 3 1 2 5 2 1 8125 22 82028 5583 o o 3 125 222 3 1 2 5 4 3 20 2 2i 5 5 8 2 9 amp 13 Stochastic all call protocol 3 1 2 6 Introduction Addressed surveillance and standard length communication transactions 4 Transponder sTest Benches Requirements Annexe annex ml ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 3 1 2 6 1 2 p p IL 21 2 6 7 4 3 2 3 amp 4 aie e in SD 5 5 8 18 ERBEN FE SS 3 1 2 6 5 1 3 18 4 12 5 5 8 7 FS Flight status 5 5 8 7 2 3 1 2 6 5 2 3 18 4 10 DR Downlink request 3 1 2 6 5 3 3 18 4 37 UM Utility message 3 21 1 9 5 5 8 18 3 b 5 5 8 25 3 b 5 5 8 29 4 a 3 1 2 6 5 3 1 3 21 2 1 Subfields in UM for multisite protocols 3 1 2 6 5 3 2 3 21 2 3 5 4 12 5 2 C Multisite reservation status 5 5 8 18 3 1 2 6 introduction Comm B altitude reply downlink format20 3 12 6 7 Introduction Surveillance identity reply downlink format5_ 8 12674 3 1 2 6 9 1 ooo sammis 558485 O s 3 1 2 6 10__ headline Basio data pages 3 21 1 6 5 4 12 2 2 6 5 5 8 7 3 1 2 6 10 2 introduction Capability reporting protocol pet 8583 ooo Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 5 E
32. 2 3 a o Extended Squitter Downlink Format 17 5 4 3 2 4 a k 5 4 3 2 4g 3 21 2 6 5 4 3 2 3 amp A ot 772 a 312862 ET E 3 1 2 8 6 3 2 3 21 2 6 2 0 5 4 3 2 3 amp A Aan eee 3 1 2 8 6 3 3 3 21 2 6 2 c 5 4 3 2 3 amp A Aircraft identification squitter We Wl ES Wee 3 1 2 8 6 3 4 3 21 2 6 2 d 5 4 3 2 3 amp A Airborne velocity squitter rr ias LLL 5 5 8 6 3 1 2 8 6 4 2 3 1 2 8 6 4 5 8 Transponder sTest Benches Requirements Annexe annex 19 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 3 1 2 8 6 4 6 3 21 2 6 3e 543 2 3 amp A Event driven squitter rate 3 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 21 2 6 3 f 5 4 3 2 3 amp 4 Delayed transmission 3 1 2 8 6 5 3 12 3 5 4 7 2 Extended squitter antenna selection 3 16 7 2 5 4 1 2 d 5 4 3 2 2 g 3 16 7 3 5 4 3 2 3 a o 5 4 3 2 4 a k 5 4 3 2 4g 3 1 2 8 6 8 EEE MEI ee 3 1 2 8 6 8 2 3 1 2 9 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 Aircraft identification protocol 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 Aircraft identification reporting 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 3 1 2 9 1 1 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 AIS aircraft identification subfield in MB 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 3 1 2 9 1 2 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 Coding of the AIS subfield 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 3 1 2 9 1 3 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 Aircraft identification capability report 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 3 1 2 9 1 4 3 21 1 13 5 5 8 20 Change of aircraft identification 5 4 12 1 2 d 5 5 8 24 1 31 210 headine Essential system charac
33. 5 us per 25 ns steps 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs P1 gt gt P3 spacing tolerance areas shown 1 for both Intermode A 6 gt gt 10 us and Intermode C 19 gt gt 23 us Procedure P85 a Verification i Intermode A A C Acceptance vs P4 Width idem Ramp Test set see page 21 Procedure P 86 a Verification Intermode A amp C Acceptance vs P3 gt gt P4 Spacing idem Ramp Test set see page 22 Procedure P 87 a Verification i Mode S Acceptance vs P2 gt gt P6 Sync Phase Reversal Spacing idem Ramp Test set see page 22 50 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 4 1 3 Mode S Protocol Procedures Procedure P1 a Verification i Error Protection b Performance specifications i MS 3 20 2 1 MT 5 5 8 1 protocol procedure n 1 C Installation amp fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 7 interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm d Test progress and Control 1 Downlink coding for PI fields If the XPDR has a static CA set the address manually on the back connector as follows 03 13 D4 Jhex 03 2B E2 hex FC DF EB hex 03 37 F9 hex FC C3 FO hex Send an Intermode A S and verify that in the reply PI is all zeros detected video on the oscilloscope If the XPDR is of dynamic CA type adopt the procedure to vary the CA as necessary
34. 50 gt gt 550 ns a X Y diagram e g reply 96 vs P3 width with the tolerance areas in gray a list of reply messages e g DF11 CA 7 AA 808080 Il 0 with the text correct wrong after which the system switches over to another module Trial modules A trial is a planned sequence of procedures defined by the above modules see the figure 3 START enter date XPDR n aircraft registration start first procedure execution of the module keyboard entry see module description next REPEAT buttons next repeat lt j print exit data ch PRINT EXIT DATA buttons print exit data END TRIAL Figure3 1 module for 1 trial a series of procedures basic schematics Transponders Test Benches Requirements 31 A planned sequence is a list established depending on the user needs planned maintenance repair research 3 2 4 Fast trials In order to speed up the trial one can adopt a succession of test sequences each sequence being arranged in such a way that the same settings are used for all the tests contained and no interrupt messages appears during or between tests like modify settings or display results or exit data all data are stored in memory and printed at the end if wanted The only interruption in the trial is then the necessary change of settings between two sequences see the following figure START enter date XPDR n ai
35. 60 gt gt 80 dBm 1 dB steps repeated for Intermode C 100 interrogation UF 11 with PR 0 SS reply DF 11 sequences level at XPDR input 60 gt gt 80 dBm per 1 dB steps e Measurement amp display Diagrams reply vs input power MTL interrogator s level when reply rate crosses 90 MTL difference Mode A C displayed for MTL 3 dB and higher the reply rate must be 99 Procedure P 85 a Verification i Intermode A C Acceptance vs P4 width b Performance specifications i MS 3 9 4 MT 5 4 5 2 C Fixed settings i Interrogator at nominal setting no P2 gt XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero if possible if not the altitude will correspond to the ground altitude d Test progress Level at XPDR input 21 40 amp 60 dBm P4 varying from 1 0 gt gt 3 0 us per 25 ns steps 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step and each input level e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs P4 width tolerance areas shown for both Intermode A amp C and for each of the 3 input levels Transponders Test Benches Requirements 21 Procedure P 86 a Verification Intermode A C Acceptance vs P3 gt gt P4 Spacing Performance specifications i MS 3 9 3 MT 5 4 5 2 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting no P2 l gt XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero if possible l if not the altitude will correspond to the ground altitude
36. 60 512 deg bit 25 switch 0 or 1 bit 26 status bit 27 sign bit 28 MSB bit 36 to 47 selected airspeed 0 mach number 1 in steps of 0 5 Kt or Mach 0 004 bit 36 switch 0 or 1 bit 37 status bit 38 MSB bit 48 to 56 status and selection bits Other example for register 2 0 Flight Identification the message content is BDS 2 0 charac 1 charac 2 charac 3 charac 4 charac 5 charac 6 charac 7 charac 8 the characters giving with ICAO international alphabet n 7 the aircrafts registration or call sign Conversion software have already been developed by EUROCONTROL EEC and could be obtained from this source Example of the display of these converted BDS are shown in the EEC note Mode S Specific Services and Data Link Test Bench see ref 10 More a complete test would require to fill the MB field with successively 1128 codes containing 2 ONEs i and 1128 codes with 2 ZEROs Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P20 a Verification i Capability Report b Performance specifications i MS 3 18 4 18 amp 32 3 21 1 12 amp 17 3 23 1 2b MT 5 5 8 21 protocol procedure n 20 i Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual C Interrogation reply sequences l A particular case of procedure P19 with RR 2 17 y 20and7 BDS 1 0 and 1 7 d Control Same as for test procedure P19 Depending on the level of the transponder it determines the DataL
37. 9 The test does not verify long squitter DF17 contents wherein the flight status is also transmitted The interrogations sequences hereunder are different depending on the XPDR level for level 1 XPDRs all tests are executed using UF04 amp 05 with RR 0 and under UFOO i for the other XPDRs are used the UF04 05 20 amp 21 with RR 0 amp 16 to 31 and UFOO amp 16 Sequence of interrogations 7A Alert tests l t 0 when the code is changed from 1642 to 7500 or 7600 or 7700 att 0 02s send UFxx see above the reply should contain the correct code amp FS field att 16 9s send UFxx see above id att 5 min send UFxx see above id alert status is permanent Sequence of interrogations 7B Other code bit tests i t 0 when the code is changed from 1642 to 1643 att 0 02s send UFxx see above the reply should contain the correct code amp FS field at t 16 95 s send UFxx see abov id at t 17 05 s send UFxx see abov id e e at t 18 95 s send UFxx see above the reply should be back to normal att 19 05 s send UFxx the reply should be back to normal att 5 min send UFxx see above the reply should be back to normal Sequence of interrogations 7C SPI bit tests t 0 when the SPI bit is added to the code att 0 02s send UFxx see above the reply should contain the correct code amp FS field l att 16 95 s and after as in sequence 7B Sequence of interrogations 7D Flight status te
38. A The equipment must be able to generate all the tests described in the test lists above and therefore must have the following capacities Output Uplink characteristics e frequency 1020 1040 MHz in steps of 0 2 MHz e pulse minimum width 250 ns in steps of max 25 ns with intervals of 200 ns between one pulse decay and the next pulse rise pulse rise and decay times respecting ICAO Annex 10 DPSK modulation for uplink P6 pulses idem e pulse sequences all Mode A C Intermode A C S that is all combinations of two following P1 P2 P3 P4 trains Mode S UF DF 00 04 05 11 16 17 20 21 24 with any field and subfield contents time delays up to 30 sec use in lockout tests if these test are added e repetition rate PRF 1 to 100 Hz in Mode S to 2000 Hz in the other Modes e power for measurements at 2 to 25 or 15 meters up to 37 or 44 dBm 5 or 25 Wi at output of antenna in steps of 0 5 dB difference between channels upto e physical output 10 W maximum to antenna through connecting cable connector N e antenna directional on a tripod Input Downlink characteristics e frequency 1070 1110 MHz resolution 0 01MHz e pulse minimum width 200 ns resolution 25 ns or shorter with intervals of 200 ns between one pulse decay and the next pulse rise pulse rise and decay times measurable e power upto 0 1W 17 dBm at input to antenna with a resolution of 0 5 dB Display e activ
39. AP the address DF 00 replies 2 The XPDR is ACAS compatible the same UF 00 plus UF 00 000 RL 1 000 AQ 0 amp 1 000 000 AP the address DF 16 replies UF 16 000 RL 0 000 AQ 0 amp 1 000 000 MU 0 AP address F00 replies UF 16 000 RL 1 000 AQ 0 amp 1 000 000 MU 0 AP address DF 16 replies Control The correct replies fa i DFOO replies VS 1 SL 0 RI x AC altitude on the ground AP XPDRs address where x 8 to 14 depending on the max airspeed when bit AQ was 0 i 0 when bit AQ was 1 r see MS 3 23 1 5 i DFOOreplies VS 1 SL 0 to 7 depending on the ACAS level or the a c RI x AC altitude of the ground AP XPDRs address 0 2 3 4 depending on the ACAS capability of the a c when bit AQ was 0 81014 depending on the max airspeed when bit AQ was 1 DF 16 replies same contents plus MV filled with zeros where x Remark More complete tests of the ACAS exchange protocol are executed in Bench test set procedures 31 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 27 Procedure P 13 a 28 Verification Stochastic Acquisition Performance specifications i MS 3 18 4 28 3 20 2 2 MT 5 5 8 13 protocol procedure n 13 Interrogation 99 reply sequences PR X IC 11 0 CL 0 00000000 0000 0000 AP XPDRs address i where X is varying from 0 t
40. AS detection capability test P35 seems useful in the ramp version Proposed List of Procedures Finally the following list of procedures is proposed for the Ramp Test set Mode A amp C procedures P 51 52 53 57 58 62 amp 66 Mode S and Intermode A amp C procedures P 71 72 75 77 85 86 amp 87 Mode S Protocol procedures P 2 6 9 10 11 12 13 17 amp 35 LISTOF PROCEDURES FOR THELABORATORY TEST SETS This version of the test set is of course much more complete as well as more flexible because different types of users are interested For research centres the complete list of procedures developed inthe Tables 4 amp 5 should be executable this is developed in chapter 4 For maintenance labs the set of tests of procedures will be reduced to those mandatory plus some easily executable their list will be defined later it is a subset of the complete list Mode A amp C procedures P 51 to 67 Mode S and Intermode A amp C procedures P 71 to 87 Mode S Protocol procedures P 1 to 28 there are no P 3 P8 P14 other ACAS tests are reserved for a later version of this document Transponders Test Benches Requirements 9 Table1 FIRSTSERIES of MODE A C TESTS MTPA DATAS STFTV Transponder s transmission mean failure impor require characteristics 1090 MHz occurrence 96 tance ments 84 88 91 93 1 reply frequency 2 mean output power 3 pulse 4 pulse positions max offset mean offset
41. Avionics maintenance Abstracts This note presents user requirements for test tools for Mode A C S transponders Based on both past experiences in transponder verification and present and near future maintenance necessities a set of tests is proposed for what should be a minimum Ramp Test set A second part develops the tests for Laboratory units conceived as an extension to the Ramp version This document has been collated by mechanical means Should there be missing pages please report to EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre Publications Office Centre de Bois des Bordes B P 15 F 91222 BR TIGNY SUR ORGE Cedex France EEC Note N 04 2001 Project MOD Z E1 Issued February 2001 Mode S TRANSPONDERS TEST BENCHES FUNCTIONAL new version by Michel BIOT Summary Ramp test equipment for Mode A C transponders exist at present but generally perform only the mandatory tests to assure the safe behavior of these avionics in an environment of Elementary SSR Surveillance There is a need for standardized test tools for Mode A C and Mode S transponders that would execute defined sets of measurements in defined test conditions so as to give comparable results for all users A Ramp version would be necessary for maintenance and Laboratory versions for repair and research and development Based on multiple experiences of transponder performance measurements as well as on actual test tools the present paper develops th
42. D 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 312641022 3 21 1 12 55 8 18 Data link capability report 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 55 821 22 amp 23 3 1 2 6 11 Introduction 0 5 Standard length communications protocols 3 1 2 6 11 1 3 21 1 10 5 4 12 3 2 a b c Comm A d 5 5 8 15 312611431 3 21 1 4 5 5 8 2 Comm A technical acknowledgment 5 5 8 15 312611412 3 24 4 11 5 5 8 16 Comm A broadcast 3 1 2 6 11 2 3 21 1 12 228 19 Ground initiated Comm B 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 31261121 3 21 1 12 55 8 18 Comm B data selector BDS 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5821 22 amp 23 31261122 3214 42 5 5 8 18 BDS1 Code 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 26 1123 3 04 4 12 5 5 8 18 BDS2 Code 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 2 6 11 2 4 3 21 1 12 5 5 8 18 Protocol 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 4128113 3214 12 95 8 18 Air initiated Comm B 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 3 1 2 6 11 3 1 3 21 1 12 5 5 8 18 General protocol 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 55 821 22 amp 23 31261132 32123 5 4 12 5 2 C Additional protocol for multisite air initiated Comm B 5 5 8 18 31261133 N A Additional protocol for non selective air initiated Comm B 31261134 3 21 5 1 5 5 8 20 Enhanced air initiated Comm B protocol 3 1 2 6 11 4 3 21 1 12 338 18 Comm B broadcast 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23 31261141 3 21 1 12 5 58 18 Initiation 5 4 12 3 2 e f g 5 5 8 21 22 amp 23
43. EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR THE SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION Ty EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE Mode S TRANSPONDERS TEST BENCHES FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS new version EEC Note N 04 2001 Project MOD Z E1 Issued February 2001 The information contained in this document is the property of the EUROCONTROL Agency and no part should be reproduced in any form without the Agency s permission The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Agency REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Reference Security Classification EEC Note N 04 2001 Unclassified Originator Originator Corporate Author Name Location EEC COM EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre Communications Centre de Bois des Bordes B P 15 F 91222 BR TIGNY SUR ORGE Cedex France Telephone 33 0 1 69 88 75 00 Sponsor Sponsor Contract Authority Name Location EATCHIP Development Directorate EUROCONTROL Agency DED 3 Rue de la Fus e 96 B 1130 BRUXELLES Telephone 32 0 2 729 9011 MODE S TRANSPONDERS TEST BENCHES FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS new version Author Date Pages Figures Tables Annexes References Michel BIOT 02 2001 viii 71 11 5 1 11 EATCHIP Task EEC Task No Task No Sponsor Specification MOD Z E1 MOD Z Distribution Statement a Controlled by Head of COM b Special Limitations None c Copy to NTIS YES NO Descriptors keywords Mode S ADS Test benches
44. F 17 as introduced in the transponder ME field incl the DR field as given in MS 3 18 4 5 amp 8 verify the random transmission rates for the various squitters diagrams Number of events vs time between messages in steps of 15 ms values are the following DF11 mean rate 1 s limits 0 8101 2s DF17 register O5 2 limits 0 4 to 0 6s aircraft being set AIRBORNE register 06 2 s limits 0 4t00 6s forthe high rate register 06 2 10s limits 4 8 t05 2s forthe low rate register 08 2 10s limits 4 8 to 5 2s if AIRBORNE or GROUND High rate 1 10s limits 9 6 to 10 4 s if GROUND Low rate register 09 2 s limits O 4 to 0 65 register OA 2 s limits 0 4to O 6s after reply to UF04 containing RRS 10 verify the maximum limit of transmission verify that the DF17 stops 2 sec after the last data refreshing set through UF04 with corresponding RCS subfield Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P7 a Verification Flight status and Vertical status verification b Performance specifications i MS 3 18 4 12 amp 38 3 20 2 7 amp 11 MT 5 5 8 7 protocol procedure n 7 C Installation amp fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 10 the test verifies the correct FS and VS fields contents after a jump to an alert code a change of Mode A code the setting of the SPI bit and a change of Flight status the correct bits in fields FS and VS are given in MS 3 18 4
45. F24 interrogations with RC 0 1 or 2 some of them being executed with variable NC are possible leading to 88 interrogation types combinations see in the protocol procedure 24 the table of interrogations So the test bench must be able to generate interrogation sequences making or not a multisite reservation and sending successively without intermediate reply up to 16 Comm D UF24 A total of 354 x 88 2 31152 different combinations are possible but many are done successively by setting the XPDR in a defined state then sending interrogations that should not change the state followed by those that should Negative tests are executed by modifying some PC values some MES fields some RC values and UF other than 4 5 20 21 amp 24 These modifications can be injected during normal sequences and should have no effect Some of the multisite sequences may be time extended so as to exceed the timer duration to observe the transponder s reaction These sequences lines of interrogations contents and related time of sending time window for reply acceptance and comparison of the reply contents to the expected ones are to be prepared and stored in l the PC part of the test bench They are too numerous to be shown here Control i Send a prepared sequences described above check on the display the reply after the final segment i During the sequence the PC interface must decode and display the ADLP output contents
46. MOPS signals in space reply capability messages exchange protocols test conditions see in Annexe 1 a cross reference list between these various documents Although some equipment will be connected to the XPDR amp ADLP they will not be tested by the proposed tool they are only in and output to XPDR amp ADLP e g they could be replaced by a bench controlled airborne data simulator but the validity of the complete chain will be tested The lab bench will need 2 parallel units for testing the diversity of both channels of the transponders e Two versions of the lab test bench could be produced differing by their software size and possibly their box a complete version for aeronautical research centres another for maintenance labs using a reduced set of software programs Transponders Test Benches Requirements 1 3 THERAMP TESTBENCH 1 3 1 A need for aircraft operators maintenance services Existing Ramp test sets are more or less outdated and cannot support all the requirements of e complete set of Mode A C tests e all Mode S protocols e BDS squitter and long squitter validations and the economy of fast and automatic testing 1 3 2 A need for administrations technical services The administrations must control e the validity of the proposed maintenance requirement e the execution of this maintenance They need also a mixed form of testing for validation of different equipment in a pseudo real envi
47. R s no reply when it must be locked amp the replies when lockout must be finished sequence 4N the negative tests when the lockout has not to be engaged Sequence of interrogations 4P Positive tests i a att 0 send UF04 J PC 1 RR 0 DI 1 SD IIS 1 00000 LOS 0 000000 AP b att 0 02s send Intermode A S No Reply expected c att 0 04s send Intermode C S No Reply expected d att 0 06s send ModeS UF11 IC 2 0 CL 0 PR 0 No Reply expected e att 16 90s repeat sequences b c amp d f att 19 108 send Intermode A S All Call lockout is finished g att 19 12s send Mode A Mode C amp Mode S lockout is finished h att 19 14 s send ModeS UF11 IC 2 0 CL 0 PR 0 lockout is finished i att 21 00s send UF05 PC 21 same data j att 21 02s repeat sequences b c amp d k att 26 00s send UF20 PC 1 samedata att 26 02s repeat sequences b c amp d 7 m att 31 00s send UF21 PC 1 samedata n att 31 02s repeat sequences b c amp d E o att 41 90 s repeat sequences b c amp d p p att 46 90s repeat sequences b c amp d 7 q att 50 10s repeat sequences f g amp h Sequence of interrogations AN Negative tests The non lockout is verified against PC values broadcast interrogations addresss and II Sl codes i send a first UFxx PC J RR 0 DI 1 SD IIS 00000 LOS 000000 AP i UF04 05 20 amp 210 PC 0 2107 IIS 0 LOS 1 UF04 05
48. Test progress Level at XPDR input 21 40 amp 60 dBm P3 gt gt P4 spacing varying from 1 4 gt gt 2 7 us per 25 ns steps i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step amp each input level Measurement amp display Diagram repy vs P3 gt gt P4 spacing tolerance areas shown for both Intermode A amp C and for each of the 3 input levels Procedure P87 a 22 Verification l Mode S Acceptance vs P2 gt gt P6 Sync Phase Reversal Spacing Performance specifications i MS 1 6 4 3 9 5 MT 5 4 5 2 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting i gt XPDR code A 1642 Test progress P2 Sy Ph Rev spacing varying from 2 4 gt gt 3 1 us per 25 ns steps level at XPDR input MTL 3 dB and 50 dBm i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step for each power level Measurement amp display l Diagram reply vs P2 gt gt Sync Phase Reversal spacing tolerance areas shown both level curves shown Transponders Test Benches Requirements 3 1 3 Mode S Protocol Procedures For all the protocol tests the interrogator is at nominal regarding electric values no pulse P2 is used level at XPDR input is 50 dBm uplink address is the XPDR address XPDR code is A 7377 Unless especially mentioned Some test are only applicable to some types of XPDRs depending on their level see third column in table 5 or whether they are Mark 4 or not see t
49. all Formats uplink Performance specifications MS 3 21 1 11 MT 5 5 8 16 protocol procedure n 16 Interrogation 25 reply sequences Most of the verification is executed in procedure 15 above one must only verify that with short uplink i formats with Broadcast address no data are transferred to the avionic interface i Same installation as for test procedure15 Control l Send UF 00 04 and 05 interrogations with Broadcast addresses No data should appear at interface Send UF11 with both XPDR address and Broadcast address No data should appear at interface Procedure P 17 a 60 Verification i GICB Register Extraction decoding only idem Ramp Test set see page 29 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 18 a Verification Comm B Protocol Verification Enhanced Comm B Protocol Verification b Performance specifications MS 3 21 12 amp 18 8 21 2 1 amp 3 MT 5 5 8 18 amp 19 protocol procedure n 18 amp 18A Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual i MS 3 21 5 1 for Enhanced Comm B c1 Interrogation 9 reply sequences Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 the avionic side output data of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both units are grouped in one box is decoded as necessary in the interface coding decoding card of the PC sub unit the interrogator is at nominal setting Concerning Comm B message transfer the XPDR can be in 7 different states depending o
50. art of the test bench They are too numerous to be shown here their contents are to be prepared i as explained in the protocol procedure Enhanced Comm D To be used if the XPDR adheres to the enhanced multisite downlink ELM l Here the XPDR exist only in to different staes each with 16 IIS so 32 states are to be used use see I the table of states in the mentioned protocol procedure 26A Control i Through the use of various Comm B and Comm D request the fields and subfields DR UM SRS and MD are verified as described in the procedure Negative tests are also executed DR fields are to be checked in additional cases e g for all IIS codes under the conditions of concurrent messages B broadcast messages and downlink ELM The transactions are similar to the one used in Procedure 18 The procedures 27 and 28 are tested using the same transaction technique as the present one and may be executed in combination Transponders Test Benches Requirements 67 Procedure P27 a Verification Directed Comm D Performance specifications MS 3 21 2 5 MT 5 5 8 31 protocol procedure n 27 Interrogation Zo reply sequences The present test is in fact a sub set of the procedure 26 Introduce a DR field corresponding to the maximum segment number that the transponder in test is capable of sending in burst field IDS 3 and field IIS the desired destination code Make use of all IIS and DF 4 5 20
51. ary transactions Whenever possible the procedures adopted in this paper will group several parameter measurements in one reply or reply sequence in order to gain time especially useful in the Ramp test set The way chosen for this grouping allows separation between the tests executed by the ramp test sets and those done in the laboratory or workshop Tests in different modes electrical characteristics The way the characteristic is measured in Mode A amp C or Intermode or Mode S may differ not only in the interrogations patterns and reply data but also in the importance for ATC or by the fact that the parameter is already measured under another mode This explains the variety of testing between modes and between Ramp Bench test sets and also the way the tests are grouped into procedures Transponders Test Benches Requirements 7 2 5 2 5 1 2 5 2 2 5 3 2 5 3 1 2 5 3 2 2 5 3 3 LISTOFPROCEDURESFOR THERAMP TESTSET Preamble The fact that a test or a procedure is proposed for the ramp test set does not implies it is mandatory for maintenance the rules are defined by regulation bodies JAA or others The test sets here defined must at least be able to execute the present ramp imposed tests plus those recently proposed see above Presentation Some of the tests listed in the Tables 4 and 5 are already executed on the present generation of ramp test sets Naturally they include at least all what is mandatory in FAR43
52. be linked to the corresponding interfaces ADLP that will input the relevant information in the corresponding register 255 x 56 bit buffer d Control For each of the desired register the Ramp test set must only test the protocol process that is to see if the transponder sends back a correct DF21 reply this DF 21 contains the following fields DF 21 FS 1 DR 0 UM X ID a c code A MB message z 0 AP XPDRs address with UM IIS followed by IDS IIS z above and IDS 1 active CommB reservation Procedure P 35 a Verification i ACAS Detection Capability b Performance specifications i MS 3 23 1 3 amp 4 MT 5 5 8 39 protocol procedure n 35 C Interrogation 5 reply sequences UF 16 RL 1 AQ 0 UDS1 3 UDS2 2 rest of MU any value AP 16 different addresses F 16 VS 1 SL RI AC altitude 0 MV see hereunder AP XPDRs address where MV VDS1 3 VDS2 0 ARA 0 RAC 0 the rest any value d Control i Check DF16 replies in quantity and in the above mentioned contents Transponders Test Benches Requirements 29 3 2 RAMP TESTPROGRAM 3 2 1 Operation The installation of the test procedures in the Ramp test set is based on a set of successive software modules that control the sequences developed in paragraph 3 1 The execution of the tests are dependant of acknowledgement approval continue interrup
53. bility to send Broadcast without suppressing neither corrupting them DR field is 4 5 6 or 7 only the Broadcast messages may be read during 18 1 s after which a 2 message can be inserted the second message has another DR Transponders Test Benches Requirements 63 Procedure P 22 a b C d 64 Verification l Downlink Interface Transponders ADLP with Storage Design Performance specifications i MS 3 4 2 amp 3 17 3 MT 5 5 8 24 protocol procedure n 22 Interrogation reply sequences Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 messages are inserted by the interface coding decoding card of the PC sub unit to the buffer of the transponder the interrogator is at nominal setting This buffer minimum 16 memories stores the MB the BDS amp the message types it provides the means for correct sequencing Depending on it is an AICB or a GICB one or several MB messages for each BDS up to 256 values can be stored Prepare a first set of Comm B messages Im 5 AICB messages 254 GICB messages with various BDS available for GICB 1 messages with same BDS as in b but with another contents 1 message with the BDS not used in b above j A second set of 16 different messages each with a different BDS is also prepared it can be part of line i b above lo Io IQ Control The test verifies with the 1st set of data the correct transfer of the message contents if not alr
54. d att 19 1s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected Transponders Test Benches Requirements 53 Sequence of interrogations 5 2 Restart capability and Sensivity to valid signals tests a sequences for IIS att 0 send UFO POO ARCO Bier SD WSax 09990 105 1 0999 AP att 0 02 s send UF11 with II x No Reply expected at t 0 04 n x 0 3s interlace with UF04 with II not x att 4 5s restart send UFO5 with Il x at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 21 4s send UF11 with II x No Reply expected att 23 6s send UF 11 with II x Reply expected i repeat the sequence inverting simultaneously UF04 lt gt 05 DI 21 lt gt 7 b sequence for SIS att 0 send UFO POO ARCO Biss 8 55 emm AP att 0 02 s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expected att 0 04 n x 0 3s interlace with UFO5 with SI not y att 4 5s restart send UF04 with SI y at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 21 4s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expected at t 23 6 s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected Sequence of interrogations 5 3 Restart capability and Sensivity to valid signals tests For XPDRs level 2 amp above only i a sequences for IIS att 0 send UFR POCO ARO DI T 95 15 r 00000 OBST Om MAT AP att 0 02 s send UF11 with II x No Reply expected at t 0 04 n x 0 3s interlace with UF04 with IIS not x att 4 5s re
55. d by a Mode A interrogation delay from 15 to 55 us per 1ys steps i test done at 21 50 65 dBm amp MTL 3 dBm e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs delay the suppression time the value when reply rate crosses 10 96 shown for each level 42 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 61 a Verification i Receiving Frequency Acceptance b Performance specifications i MS 3 2 2 MT 5 4 1 2 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting except the frequency PRF 450 Hz i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress l 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for levels at input XPDR from 60 dBm gt gt 80 dBm repeated for 1029 gt gt 1031 MHz in 0 1 MHz steps e Measurement amp display The program extracts each input power level where the reply crosses the value 90 i Diagram MTL vs input frequency Procedure P 62 a Verification i Sidelobe Suppression vs P1 P2 Level Ratio idem Ramp Test set see page 18 but with levels at XPDR input running from 21 to MTL 3aB Procedure P634 82 a Verification i Sidelobe Suppression vs P1 P2 Spacing b Performance specifications i MS3 8 MT544 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 450 Hz P2 at nominal width XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero d Test progress P2 P1 ratio varying from 12 gt gt 3 dB per 1 dB steps 100 interrogation 9 reply sequences for each step repeated
56. d in Mode A may be set to their maximum load that is 7777 this could not be done in the air with the Ramp test set as this code is used for emergency Girpagustsucuuveccrscanccetnaceutsescnerscaesencuenanesaceceuussncsansecaneattactecautenaccertstanecssutsstcertactepsescuteesnvesceacenescceencceteatasssucctcenssaueseceseaesssteccusenctetestcetencseseecceursenss Note about the Test Sequence Procedures P 58 amp 77 should be executed before the other Receiver capability tests 58 before 59 to 67 and 77 before 78 to 87 as they measure the different MTLs whose values are used in other tests So it is recommended to follow simply the numerical order 51 to 67 71 to 87 when usually testing the Electric Parameters p M er Tere E Installations This simplest installation of Figure 5 hereunder is used for all tests except when otherwise stated Airborne data simulator slave RF unit main RF unit E I Figure 5 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 35 36 Test procedures P 51 and P71 use the following installation Airborne data simulator main RF unit I PC and display SSS SSS SSSI minimum lenght of cable or attenuator Figure 6 Test procedures P1 P56 and P74 use the following installation Airborne data simulator detect
57. e matrix for confortable external natural light e 9 inch screen 800 x 600 pixels e either 20 lines of text or diagram X Y e dialog windows with on screen buttons data result presentation COMBINED BENCH As presented in 1 4 and displayed in Figure 1 see page 4 it would be recommended to foresee the physical capacity of inserting the ramp tool in the maintenance laboratory equipment that is to give the possibility to insert the ramp tool as a rack subpart of the lab tool with the necessary connections for synchronisation The lab tool has two RF channels with independant clocks and pulse generation but their starts must be synchronisable for diversity tests and similar measurements TESTING ENVIRONMENT The equipment will be used essentially on external Power input 90 to 240V 45 440 Hz Temperature humidity and other similar characteristics as usual for this type of equipment Transponders Test Benches Requirements IQ 4 LABORATORY TEST BENCH 4 1 PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION Legend 1 MS Eurocae MOPS ED 73A for SSR transponders performance specifications i 2 MT u li d test procedures data 3 Mean in the 3 paragraphs 4 1 4 2 amp 4 3 all values are computed as the mean of 100 replies identical interrogation reply sequences 4 Time spacing are counted from the pulse front edge at half amplitude 5 As the transponder is cable connected to the bench test set the codes use
58. e test needs followed by the functional requirements that should be discussed with the interested parties before writing technical specifications Transponders Test Benches Requirements V vi ACAS ADLP ADS ADS B AICB BDS BDS x x CMC CMS GDLP GICB GTVS MOPS MTL POEMS STFTV XPDR LIST of ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System Aircraft Data Link Processor Automatic Dependent Surveillance Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Air Initiated Comm B Binary Data Store subfield in MB downlink field now renamed GICB register x x Central Maintenance Computer of the aircraft Central Maintenance System of the aircraft Ground Data Link Processor Ground Initiated Comm B Ground Transponder Verification System Minimum Operating Performance Specifications of the Transponders edited by EUROCAE Minimum Trigger Level Pre Operational development European Mode S Enhanced Surveillance Surveillance team Task Force for Transponder Verification Transponder Mode A C and Mode S Transponders Test Benches Requirements TABLE of CONTENTS 1 PRESENT SITUATION amp NEED sse 1 1 1 Need for Test benches nennen nennen nennen 1 1 2 The Laboratory Test bench nennen nennen 2 1 3 The Ramp Test bench nennen nennen nenn 3 1 4 Combined benches cece cceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaeeeea tesa ran 4 2 TEST LIST DETERMINATION HH emen nnne 5 2 1 Modes AS C Testing History ssss 5
59. eady done in procedure 19 if the downlink interface is common with the AIS one the rate of 16 messages per second can be accepted at buffer input the AICB messages are sent down in the same order as received the 254 1 GICB messages can be extracted by the interrogator with RR DI amp RRS corresponding to the BDS one or several times and in any order the last message in d above has replaced the previous one in the buffer and is now sent on ground request in lieu of the earlier one a MB filed with zeros is sent if the corresponding BDS is not filled in the buffer The test uses the procedure 18 transaction technique and may even be included in it The buffer rate of transfer is tested by filling the buffer with the 2 set and interrogating at 1250 sec all 16 messages then changing speed 16 sec the buffer messages with same BDS then re extracting them after 1 second through 8 bursts of 2 interrogations separated by 0 8 ms that follows each 125 ms then at 5 per sec The data should not be mixed and should be read irrespective of whether they have been transmitted or not Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P23 a Verification Downlink Interface Transponders ADLP design without storage b Performance specifications MS 3 5 6 0 amp 3 17 3 d MT 5 5 8 25 protocol procedure n 23 i Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual C Interrogation 29 reply sequences Conn
60. ect the equipment s as on figure 11 messages are inserted by the interface coding decoding card of the PC sub unit corresponding to the message extraction commands received at the uplink interface the interrogator is at nominal setting For the AICBs the DR bit is set to 1 for the Directed Comm B IIS and IDS fields are required d Control l The 2256 test patterns of procedure 19 are used in a transaction similar to procedure 18 Verify that the messages are received correctly that the bit DR is accepted by the transponder and that the IIS and IDS fields are accepted only if the UM field is not ued for another purpose Procedure P 24 see next page Procedure P25 a Verification Uplink Interface Comm C acceptance rate and contents b Performance specifications l MS 3 17 4 a b c d MT 5 5 8 28 protocol procedure n 25 C Interrogation SS reply sequences This procedure is a complement to procedure P 24 dealing with the maximum rate of transfer of the ELM Comm C messages The contents of the message are already verified in procedure P 24 as an extension to the MOPS protocol procedure n 24 Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 the avionics side output of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both units are grouped in one box is decoded as necessary in the interface decoding card of the PC sub nit Interrogator at nominal setting UF24 interrogations are sent 16 segments are sent within 1 second
61. ed video Figure 7 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Test procedures P 65 P79 and P83 use the following installation Airborne data simulator Figure 8 Test procedures P 76 uses the following installation Airborne data simulator slave RF unit take care that the delays amp loss in cables are identical Figure 9 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 37 Test procedures P 7 uses the following installation Airborne data simulator slave RF unit main RF unit 9 I Figure 10 Test procedures P 6 P15 P16 P18 P21 to P28 use the following installation Airborne data simulator main RF unit 9 if XPDR amp ADLP are separated m ARINC 718 Williamsburg if XPDR amp ADLP are Williamsburg in one unit Figure 11 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 4 1 1 Mode A amp C Procedures Procedure P 51 a Verification i Reply Frequency b Performance specifications i MS3 3 1 MT54 2 1 C Installation amp fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 6 l interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm Mode A XPDR code A 7777 d Test progress To measure the frequency adjust the line stretcher for maximum transmitter frequency shift above or i below 1090 MHz e Measurement amp display Record the frequency mean value of all pulses Procedure P 52 a Verification Mean Output Power Pulse
62. efer first to the Annex 10 the bible of any equipment for SSR and ACAS systems reference 1 We based the present document initially on an information paper called Off line tools for Airborne Equipment see reference 3 developed by EUROCONTROL s DED 3 dated Feb 96 philosophy in support of the IIMSES requesting a coherent bench policy for these equipment compatible with the future ATN Concerning the measurements to be executed in Mode A C the following documents are also used e the GTVS Ground Transponder Verification System feasibility references 4 amp 5 e the STFTV Task Force on Transponder Verification references 6 e anFAA report Field Study of Transponder Performance in General Aviation Aircraft references 7 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 1 1 1 1 1 1 E 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 THELABORATORY TEST BENCH A need for aeronautical administrations research and technical services These equipment are developed in support of the EUROCONTROL s Initial Implementation Mode S Enhanced Surveillance Program IIMSES which requests a coherent policy be developed for bench testing of airborne equipment Data link ADLP ADS B ACAS CMS developers in various European industries may take advantage of the availability of such a common instrument Existing test benches either measure only Mode A C amp S electric characteristics or some protocol but always off line The proposed bench go furthe
63. equipment made on 548 flying aircraft the test covered 31 parameters The percentage of failures are significantly high if one considers the strict ICAO norms but they refer to General Aviation and in particular to aircraft rarely flying IFR The study concludes in showing the importance for ATC to test the following parameters altiude validity altitude reporting delay time difference between Modes sidelobe suppression vs P1 P2 ratio Mode A amp C acceptance vs P1 amp P3 width A first list of tests in Mode A C The lists of parameters to test executed or mentioned above are presented next page in Table 1 first list for a Bench Test System concerning Mode A C only It includes two columns revealing the importance of the measured parameter theoretical consequences of malfunctions on ATC the occurrence of faults during 1984 1988 and 1991 1993 MTPA DATAS campaigns MODE S CHARACTERISTICS The emergence of Mode S engaged the equipment manufacturers to develop Mode S transponder test sets some years ago this generation of tools allows a series of electric characteristics to be tested combined with a few essential protocol exchange verifications Ramp test set capabilities for Mode A C S transponders The possibilities of presently available ramp test sets are given in Table 2 Due to time limits and some other considerations economy technical difficulties and unawareness of some misbehavior the full amount of tests devel
64. erous to be listed here they are listed in the MT Protocol procedure 18 c2 Enhanced Comm B t Applicable to high level XPDRs Other than above XPDR states are existing so the procedure is expanded to include additional XPDR states more interrogations are sent with various IIS to control the reactivity of the XPDR to various II codes incl timer expiration and the UM contents Sensitive XPDR states are also added like Messagers being extracted waiting for IIS or waiting Broacast message As above the interrogation expected replies sequences are too numerous to be listed here they are listed in the MT Protocol procedure 18A d Control l First introduce a defined well known message in the ADLP see Mode S Specific Services Manual for its contents followed by one of the prepared sequences described above The reply no reply as well as the contents of the message accompanied by the related expected situation received is shown on the i PC display Transponders Test Benches Requirements 61 Procedure P 19 a b C d 62 Verification i GICB Register Extraction amp Interface incl AIS Flight Identification amp other BDS Protocol Performance specifications l MS 3 18 4 18 amp 32 3 21 1 13 amp 17 3 21 2 1 MT 5 5 8 20 protocol procedure n 19 Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual Interrogation 9 reply sequences l UF 04 or 05 PC 0 RR x DI 2 7 SD zy
65. followed by a rest duration of 1 sec and again a second burst of 16 segments d Control The ADLP output is decoded as usual and the PC verifies and displays the contents of both burst the order or reception and the time of appearance of these data Transponders Test Benches Requirements 65 Procedure P 24 a b C d 66 Verification i Comm C Protocol Performance specifications i MS 3 21 2 1 to 3 21 2 4 3 21 3 103 21 3 1 h MT 5 5 8 26 protocol procedure n 24 Interrogation 9 reply sequences Connect the equipments as on figure 11 the avionics side output of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both units are grouped in one box is decoded as necessary in the interface decoding card of the PC sub unit interrogator at nominal setting Concerning Comm D the XPDR can be in 9 different states depending on the Trc timer the memorized interrogator identification the activation of the Comm C and the reception of the last segment with some states sensitive to the16 interrogators possible IIS and other depending on the total of 15 possible segments it gives a total of 354 states see in the protocol procedure 24 the table of states Besides numerous interrogations can be sent that generate reservations close outs first segments RC 0 intermediate RC 1 and final ones RC 2 12 non UF24 4 5 20 amp 21 interrogations patterns some of them being executed with the 16 IIS values and 4 U
66. for 3 levels at XPDR input 21 50 dBm amp MTL 3 dB Mode A C amp Intermode A C e Measurement amp display For each of the 4 Modes and the 3 input power levels a diagram reply vs P1 gt gt P2 spacing tolerance areas shown Transponders Test Benches Requirements 43 Procedure P 64 a Verification i Sidelobe Suppression vs P2 Width Performance specifications i M83 82 MT5444 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 450 Hz level P2 level P1 i XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero Test progress i Width P2 varying from 0 20 us gt gt 1 20 us per 25 ns steps 100 interrogation do reply sequences for each step repeated for the level at XPDR input 21 50 dBm amp MTL 3 dB Measurement amp display i Diagram reply vs P2 width tolerance areas shown for the 3 input power levels Procedure P 65454383 a Verification Interference Performance specifications i MS 3 12 MT 5 4 7 Installation amp fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 8 master interrogator at nominal settings for both Mode A C and Mode S slave interrogator synchronized in PRF only the other parameters are defined hereunder Test progress Pulse s in variable positions amp levels is are added by the slave unit to the master interrogation following the procedure described in MT 5 4 7 2 steps 1 to 5 Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs inte
67. for Mode A amp C The objective is to enlarge the capacity of these equipment to e all tests proposed to be mandatory on ramp in the STFTV report e similar tests in Mode S Intermodes A amp C whenever it applies e some tests considered as important see 2 1 and generally already executable on lab test sets and or suggested for bench testing in the STFTV report see 2 1 3 e protocol tests necessary for long squitter and GICB register extraction as recently required The procedures are listed a s follows P1 to P37 for protocol testing same numbers as in the MOPS document P51 to P87 for electrical parameters testing Details Modes A amp C parameters In addition to present equipment s capability one adds the tests e pulse amplitude variation e delay time difference Mode A vs Mode C e Mode A code validity Mode C height validity on the ground value reply rate at various PRF instead of only 235 Hz or 500 Hz e Mode A amp C acceptance vs P1 gt gt P3 spacing all tests that can be easily implemented Test 4 was presently limited to the F2 position the offset of ALL pulses should be verified and the maximum value in fact the worst displayed Intermodes A amp C parameters The Intermode A amp C acceptance vs P4 short or long pulse is enlarged to a complete test the acceptance vs P4 width Important also is the test T32 Intermode A amp C acceptance vs P3 gt gt P4 spacing Mode S e
68. haracers s Lum sauer c peers toe 3122512 5129 Isa Tode Sara O 51251 hea Dataencoding SSCS 512513 jea _ Interrogation gata 512512 164 Repydata 1 212313 ss pion 1 51252 Jes min 1 eon imber FemasorMedeSinerogatonsandrepies 8 532 mpi I LT 5 533 pice 2123213 212323 212331 212332 a124 headine General interrogation eply protocol Jas O 394a lass Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 3 Bee UO ONE 3 12 2 5 4 5 2 Pe fee CCC ssp sa SSCS ssas fan SSS 3124113 s2220 ssazsais 7o77 ssspg Jazz jazzed ssazs amp is C MEER 3 20 2 2 5 5 8 2 9 amp 13 3 1 2 4 1 2 3 3 20 22a 5 5 8 2 9 amp 13 Mode S interrogation acceptance 32022b 5582 9 amp 18 Cd 320221 5582 9818 Cd 32022h 5582 9 amp 18 Cd 3 1 2 4 1 3 3 21 1 4 5 5 8 2 amp 15 Transponder replies 3 20 2 9 5 5 8 2 amp 8 3 1 2 4 2 Suppression 3 1242 1 312422 3 12 5 headine Intermode and Mode S all calltransactions 3 1 2 5 1 362 154822 o 3 12 52 3 1 2 5 2 1 2 3 18 4 15 5 5 8 4 amp 5 IC Interrogator code 3 18 4 34 5 5 8 4 amp 5 318413 Joss E 2022e 5582 9 amp 18 3 1 2 5 2 1 1 3 18 4 28 5 5 8 13 PR Probability of reply 3 1 2 5
69. he double asterisks for this last type of transponders see reference 8 Transponders with extended interface functions Mark 4 For these ramp tests diversity operation must be inhibited to avoid unequal unknown reception by the XPDR and jumping problems the power and delay differ and worse the upper antenna may be totally invisible to the test set located on the ground or simpler the test set ignores which antenna is replying therefore the top channel must be terminated by its characteristic impedance Successive signs 5 mean a sequence containing more than 1 interrogation followed by 1 reply The Mode S Specific Services as well as the squitter protocol may still change in the near future so in some of the protocol tests see ATTENTION THE SPECIFICATIONS MAY VARY the BDS definition their use the sequences and the repetition rate if applicable may be different from what is developed but the principle of the measurement remains Always refer to the latest version of the Mode j S Specific Services reference 9 and Mode S Subnetwork SARPS The formats used in these tests are the following Uplink Formats UFOS PC3 RR 5 Dt3 Uri6 000 RL 0000 AQ 1 000000 0000 0000 0000 MU 56 AP 24 MA 56 MC 80 YY x means x bits are devoted to this field YY 0000 show a series of zeros between fields Transponders Test Benches Requirements 23 Down
70. hereunder PI 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 Z Y seeref 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 For old transponders having not the SI code possibility the uplink CL is ignored and Z 0 in the reply Procedure P 10 a Verification i Altitude Report b Performance specifications MS 2 5 3 5 6 3 17 1 b MT 5 5 8 10 extract of protocol procedure n 10 C Interrogation 9 reply sequences Intermode C Mode C S All call P1 P3 P4 E 11 reply with AA XPDRs address UF 04 PC 0 RR 0 DI 2 O SD 2 0000 AP the address 9FO4repy UF 04 PC 2 0 RR 20 DI 0 SD 0000 AP the address F 20 reply Two options depending on whether or not a pressure altitude variator is available and i sufficient time for these repeated sequences is acceptable ifNO test only the ground altitude and if possible to switch off the altitude data 0000 value if YES install the altitude pressure variator at the relevant captor output and introduce succes sively a series of defined altitudes such arranged as to give a diversity of bit patterns 975 600 600 2800 8700 11800 12400 18800 24300 24600 30800 33400 36800 62800 94800 100800 120800 amp 1266700 ft d Control i The correct contents in the replies DF 11 CA 0 4 5 or 6 depending on the capability AA XPDRs address PI 0 ifNO DF 04 FS 1 DR 2 0 UM 0 AC x AP XPDRs address DF 20 FS 1 DR 0
71. including the i TAS field that is to be updated after each segment reception Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 26 a c1 c2 Verification Comm D Protocol verification Enhanced Comm D Protocol verification Performance specifications MS 3 21 2 1 2 amp 5 3 21 4 1 MT 5 5 8 29 amp 30 protocol procedure n 26 amp 26A i MS 3 21 5 3 for the Enhanced Comm D Interrogation S9 reply sequences i Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 the avionic side output data of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both units are grouped in one box is decoded as necessary in the interface coding decoding card of the PC sub unit the interrogator is at nominal setting Concerning Comm D message transfer the XPDR can be in 4 different states depending on the setting of the T register and the Interrogator identification field the multisite timer being set for any of the 16 interrogators possible IIS this gives a total of 35 transponder states to use see the table of states in the mentioned protocol procedure 26 Besides 14 types of interrogation can be sent each with various filed contents that modify or may not modify the transponder state and generate or do not generate a reply These sequences lines of interrogations contents and related time of sending time window for reply i acceptance and comparison of the reply contents to the expected ones are to be prepared and stored in the PC p
72. ings Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm i XPDR code A7777 SPI d Test progress PRF 100 interrogations per sec during one sec followed by 5 sec rest l Then increase the PRF in steps of 50 Hz up to 2000 Hz with 5 sec rest between each step e Measurement amp display Diagram reply 96 vs PRF Procedure P 58 a Verification i Modes A amp C Sensitivity MTL idem Ramp Test set see page 18 but with levels at XPDR input running from 21 to 80 dBm Transponders Test Benches Requirements 41 Procedure P59 a Verification Dead Time b Performance specifications i MS 3 10 3 MT 5 4 4 1 C Installation amp Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 450 Hz i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences as follows Mode A level at XPDR input 21dBm followed by a variable delay H followed by a Mode A interrogation level MTL 3 dB the delay varies from 50 to 125 us per 1ys steps e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs delay the dead time the value when reply rate crosses 90 96 Procedure P60 a Verification Suppression Time b Performance specifications i MS3 8 MT 544 1 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 450 Hz i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences as follows P1 P2 6 t 2 us same level followed by a variable delay followe
73. ink possibilities BDS 1 0 and the other registers the transponder can provide BDS 1 7 Control that the contents corresponds to the real capabilities of the transponder Procedure P21 a Verification Comm B both Directed and Broadcast b Performance specifications MS 3 17 3 3 21 2 MT 5 5 8 22 amp 23 protocol procedure n 21 amp 21A i Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual C Interrogation 9 reply sequences Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 messages are inserted through the avionic side of the ADLP by the interface coding decoding card of the PC sub unit the interrogator is at nominal setting Prepare Directed Comm B messages with DR 1 IDS 1 active Comm B reservation and IIS 1 to 15 successively BDS equals 17 18 or 19 The interrogator sends UF 4 and 5 with its successively IIS 1 to 15 expecting DF04 05 20 and 21 replies Broadcast Comm B are also prepared and sent to the ADLP l They are also combined in time with the Directed Comm B s d Control The procedure uses the same transaction technique as in procedure 18 which is supposed to be already tested The system controls the correct transfer of the MB messages for each corresponding IIS and no transfer for unequal IIS The Broadcast Comm B are also controlled and the interrogator verifies that Broadcast messages do not interrupt neither corrupt Directed messages and Directed messages do interrupt the possi
74. ion i Sidelobe Suppression vs P1 P2 Level Ratio b Performance specifications i MS 3 8 2 MT 5 4 4 1 C Fixed settings interrogator at nominal setting 7 XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero if possible if not the altimeter will correspond to the ground altitude d Test progress i With a P2 at nominal position amp width P2 P1 ratio varying from 12 dB gt gt 3 dB per 1 dB steps 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step repeated for the level at XPDR input 50 dBm amp MTL 3 dB e Measurement amp display Diagram reply 96 vs P2 P1 ratio tolerance areas shown for the 2 input power levels Reduced version if available time is too short replace the diagrams by reply at 9 0 dB and 0 dB only 18 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 66 a Verification l Mode A amp C Acceptance vs P1 gt gt P3 Spacing b Performance specifications i MS 3 9 3 MT 5 4 5 2 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress i P1 gt gt P3 spacing varying from 6 5 gt gt 9 5 us and 19 5 gt gt 22 5 us per 25 ns steps i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs P1 P3 spacing tolerance areas shown for both Mode A 6 gt gt 10 us and Mode C 19 gt gt 23 us Reduced version if available time is too short replace the diagrams by a set of values
75. lectric parameters Are added to the present test sets possibilities e pulse positions mean offset is enough here e pulse amplitude variation from the 1 to the 56 or 112 e mean pulse width e mixed reply rate capability a complex series of various interrogations at various rates e Mode S acceptance vs P1 gt gt Sync Phase Reversal spacing All these tests are important for a correct decoding a 112 bit long message is much more sensitive to a deviating clock than a 12 bit in the Mode A reply including the Sync Phase Reversal where the acceptance of the P2 gt gt P6 spacing should be verified inside a large window and not just limited to YES or NO at nominal time Transponders Test Benches Requirements 2 5 3 4 2 5 4 2 6 The squitter verification in Mode S is included in the protocol procedures a complex combination of short and long squitters whose contents vary in accordance to GICB Mode S Specific Service Manual It is not possible to test on the ramp that is without cable connections the diversity parameters the two antennas receiving simultaneously the signals albeit with very small time delay and power difference Mode S protocols compared to EUROCAE MOPS The test procedure n 1 P1 Error Protection is not possible with a XPDR installed in an aircraft the address being cabled in the rack Only the correct address will be verified as part of any other tests Test procedure P 3
76. link Formats DES FS 3 DR 5 UM 6 1D 13 AP 24 DFi CASS e A OC j e vs 00 SC 3 oo Aa oo Ac wise AP M PET CC BE FS 3 58 5 me n mws Pa b a rss 85 UM6 De mws Pa moen 85 4 MD 80 YY x means x bits are devoted to this field YY 0000 show a series of zeros between fields Procedure P2 a 24 Verification i Interrogation Acceptance Performance specifications MS 3 20 2 2 amp 3 3 21 1 1 amp 4 3 21 3 MT 5 5 8 2 protocol procedure n 2 Ref 8 Mark 4 Transponders Interrogation Zo reply sequences Mode A Mode C Intermodes A S amp C S Intermodes A Only amp C Only i without P2 first then with P2 P2 level P1 pulse included Control Mode S UFO with RL 0 1 UF 11 PR 0 IC 41l 20 CL 0 address FF FFFF hex UF 4 5 with RR 0 15 16 17 18 amp 191 PC DI SD 0 UF 20 21 with RR 0 15 16 17 18 amp 19 PC DI SD MA 0 UF 16 with RL 0 21 UF 24 with RC 2 The correct reply in each of the Modes incl II 0 i in DF11 replies verify the CA depending on the XPDR type CA 0 4 5 6 amp 7 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 6 reduced Ramp limited version of the Lab test set P6 procedure a Verification Acquisition and Extended Squitters Capability rate only ground position here
77. n by the PC interface card out of the transponder avionic side possibly data sent by the same interface card to the backside of the transponder and downlink replies to the master unit The module contains the required installation equipment description the prepared data files and the expected results it generates output files for results investigation it also displays signs like OK FAIL Does not reply Tests xx OK test yy Not OK after having compared the results of the test s to the expected results Other possibilities The system being used for various developments and research it must be able to accept new modules to be written by the user the existing module softwares must be completely accessible Results Management Memory As in the Ramp test set all results are systematically stored in memory see 3 2 6 1 for details Hesult transfer The contents of the memory must be transferable by any actual means 100 or 250 MB ZIP disks internet to other users Printer output is also required Transponders Test Benches Requirements 69 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 70 TECHNICALDATA Refer to fig 5 The equipment contains two RF units and a PC with interface cards the two units run with independant clocks and pulse generation time width and level but their starts can be synchronised to allow diversity and similar measurements A PC with two interfaces one to control internally the
78. n figure 9 master interrogator at nominal setting slave unit synchronized with a controlled difference in start time and power level used Mode A Mode C Intermode A S Intermode C only UF04 amp UF 21 if applicable Test progress 1 Single channel interrogations at 3 different levels MILA 3 dB 50 dBm only Mode C amp UF04 21 dBm id applied first on Bottom channel then onTop channel Measurement amp display 1 record in each case output power delay time reply percentage l compare theses values between each channel the power transmitted on the unwanted channel must beat least 20 dB lower Test progress 2 Dual channel interrogations at 4 level combinations 1 TopQ MIL Bottom MTL 4 dB 2 Top MTL 4dB Bottom MTL 3 Top MTL 4dB Bottom 50 dBm i 4 Top 50dBm Bottom 9 MTL 4 dB vary the Atime between Top amp Bottom interrogations from 600 ns to 600 ns Measurement amp display 2 l Diagram reply at each channel output vs A time between interrogations tolerance areas shown Procedure P 77 a Verification l Intermode A amp C and Mode S Sensitivity MTL idem Ramp Test set see page 21 but with levels at XPDR input running from 21 to 80 dBm Transponders Test Benches Requirements 47 Procedure P 78 a Verification Dead Time b Performance specifications i MS 3 10 3 MT 5 4 6 2 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal
79. n the setting of the B register of the T register the timer running state the Interrogator identifier and the next message waiting state the multisite timer being set for any of the 15 interrogators possible IIS this gives a total of 63 state combinations see the table of states in the mentioned protocol procedure 18 Besides numerous interrogations can be sent to the XPDR in one of the 63 states that modify or may not modify the transponder state and generate or do not generate a reply 24 interrogation patterns are i possible some of them being executed with the 16 IIS values leading to 294 interrogation types combinations see the table of interrogations in the protocol procedure 18 So the test bench must be able to generate interrogation sequences that first set the transponder in a defined state followed by one or more interrogations that extracts or do not extract the desired Comm B A total of 63 x 294 18522 different combinations are possible but many are done successively by setting the XPDR in a defined state then sending interrogations that should not change the state followed by those that should These sequences lines of interrogations contents and related time of sending time window for reply acceptance and comparison of the reply contents to the expected ones are to be prepared and stored in i the PC part of the test bench These interrogation expected replies sequences are too num
80. nation tests sequence for SIS a For all XPDRs att 0 send UFO4 PC 0 RR 0 DI 3 SD S LSS 1 000000000 ad FFFFFF at t 0 02 s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected at t 0 03 s interlace with UFO5 with SI not y at t 0 06 s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected i b For XPDRs level 2 amp above only att 0 send _UF20 PO O ARCO Biss SD Scy CSS 009000000 WA awFFFFFF att 0 02s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected att 0 03 s interlace with UF21 with SI not y at t 0 06 s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected d Test progress and Control Start the sequence 5 1 the program displays line after line each uplink messages and the related reply or no reply both with time marks an OK symbol is added at line end replaced by the reply contents if i faulty e g if no reply is expected or sorry No Reply when so where one reply is expected i start the other sequences same verifications Transponders Test Benches Requirements 55 Procedure Pe a b C d 56 Verification Acquisition and Extended Squitters complete test Performance specifications MS 3 20 2 6 3 21 2 6 3 21 1 12 MT 5 4 3 2 2 amp 3 i ANNEX 10 ref 1 3 1 2 8 5 amp 6 Interrogation Zo reply sequences i Unsolicited replies in Mode S No interrogations for the squitter themselves but interrogations are sent both to determine the choice of contents in the extended squitter ME field tointe
81. nding on the capability of the transponder Procedure P75 a 20 Verification Mixed Reply Rate Capability Performance specifications i MS3 4 2 MT5425 Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting level at XPDR input 50 dBm gt gt XPDR code A 7377 SPI Test progress 4 separated sequences lasting 1 sec each a 500 interrogations Mode A uniformly mixed with 50 UF 05 interrogations in 1 s b 120 interrogations Mode A uniformly mixed with 18 UF 05 interrogations in 0 1 s followed by 0 9 s rest c 30 interrogations Mode A uniformly mixed with 8 UF 05 interrogations in 0 025 s followed by 0 975 s rest d 2 interrogations Mode A uniformly mixed with 4 UF 05 interrogations in 0 0016 s i followed by 0 9984 s rest note if the XPDR is equipped for long replies respectively 16 of the 50 6 of the 18 4 of the 8 and 2 of the 4 interrogations must require long replies Measurement amp display The XPDR must reply to ALL these interrogations Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 77 a Verification i Intermode A C and Mode S Sensitivity MTL b Performance specifications MS324 MT54 1 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting gt XPDR code A 1642 altimeter at zero if possible if not the altitude will correspond to the ground altitude d Test progress 100 interrogation Intermode A SS reply DF11 sequences i level at XPDR input
82. ns the real consequences observed during combined MTPA campaigns where MTPA result was linked to simultaneous radar observations e the administrations reports Central Transponder File e the possibility of automatic measuring and realistic field results Trials and theoretical works executed by the study contractors showed that a set of additional measurements could probably be executed in their GTVS proposal However variable opinions existed about the possibility to execute these tests on moving aircraft with valid and operational results For the BENCH or RAMP test sets to develop here the aircraft position is not a problem and time is not limited at least it is not a question of seconds Therefore we may consider that ALL the tests developed in Table 1 are a first minimum for all the benches STFTV priorities see ref 6 The Task Force for Transponder Verification issued in 1995 96 a report that developed considerations and propositions concerning the verification of transponder behavior in the ATC surveillance environment As a conclusion of this task force periodicity of testing minimum set of tests and some other considerations were proposed They are also included in Table 1 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 5 2 1 4 2 1 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 Recent FAA field study see ref 7 A recent field study of transponders aboard General Aviation aircraft in the USA was made using the modified FAA DATAS
83. nt amp display Diagram delay time vs input level being different from one transponder to another the form of the curve may be interpreted as the signature of the transponder Procedure P 55 a 40 Verification Unsollicited replies Performance specifications i MS 3 1 3 MT 5 4 8 Fixed settings i No interrogations for Mode S transponders inhibit the squitter generation with one of the external equipment s switch Test progress Wait 30 sec Measurement amp display Count the number of unsollicited replies Mode A should not be greater than 5 per sec i idem Mode C same limit idem Mode S should not be greater than 1 per 10 sec Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P56 a Verification Pulse Rise amp Decay Times b Performance specifications i MS 3 5 4 MT 5 4 3 1 C Installation amp Fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 7 interrogator at nominal setting PRF 500 Hz level at XPDR input 50 dBm Mode A d Test progress i continuous interrogation 99 reply sequences time to examine the screen i XPDR code successively A 7777 A 0400 A 1010 A 0010 e Measurement amp display determine rise and decay times with screen markers for the various combinations of pulses give the variation if there is one Procedure P 57 a Verification i Reply Rate vs PRF b Performance specifications i MS34 1 MT542 5 C Installation amp Fixed sett
84. o 15 with 100 interrogations each 1 with no lockout set _2 with one lockout set Control The correct of replies in each case with a tolerance of 30 for the values other than 99 or 0 i if 1 PR 0 amp 8 gt 99 1 amp 9 2 50 35 gt gt 65 replies to 100 interrogations 2 amp 10 225 18 gt gt 32 3 amp 11 212 5 9 gt gt 15 4 amp 12 6 2 4 gt gt 8 other 0 if 2 PR 8 gt 99 9 50 35 gt gt 65 10 2 25 18 gt gt 32 11 12 5 9 gt gt 15 12 6 2 4 gt gt 8 other 0 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 17 a Verification l GICB Register Extraction decoding only b Performance specifications i MS 3 18 4 32 3 21 1 12 amp 13 3 21 2 1 Ref 9 Mode S Specific Services Manual ATTENTION THE SPECIFICATIONS MAY STILL VARY In any case refer to the latest version of Mode S Specific Services Manuals C Interrogation 99 reply sequences UF 05 PC 20 RR x DI 7 SD zy00 AP XPDRs address amp F 21 replies where z is the interrogator s ident IIS subfield e g 15 xand y vary so as to request various BDS presently in us or proposed see hereunder x sum of 16 BDS1 subfield i y RRS subfield BDS2 subfield Hence if the desired BDS 4 1 BDS1 24 amp BDS2 1 hence RR 20 amp RRS 1 The list of registers proposed for the Basic and Enhanced Surveillance is 1017 20 40 4 1 5 0 6 0 j gt The transponder must
85. of Mode S formats etc with the sole limitations that only authorized technicians may control these elements and that in any case the default values are set back for the usual operator Unauthorized values too large impossible message subfield for the test parameters are announced to the operator and the system wait for new entry Results management Memon All results are automatically written in memory it contains the date the transponder under test references serial number aircraft registration Mode S address each successive test protocol number name the conditions of the test settings the resulting data whatever the form even if no display was asked by the operator during the test Hesult transfer The contents of the memory must be transferable by any actual means floppy disk or equivalent GPIB bus RS232 to another computer base or local network Printer output is required Autotest The system must contain an autotest device that is automatically launched before any operation starts This autotest verifies the input and output of the system and can control the exactness of the measurements through a reference transponder It must be possible to introduce the distance ramp tool aircraft antenna before starting the tests in order to the apply the corresponding time delay correction Transponders Test Benches Requirements 33 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 34 TECHNICALDAT
86. oped in Table 1 is not available or desirable on this sort of tool 1 RTCA amp EUROCAE documents in Mode S Intermode RTCA s MOPS DO 181A and EUROCAE s MOPS ED 73A see ref 2 describe the Mode S transponder and the tests procedures to ensure the transponder is complying with the ICAO requirements chapter 3 contains the minimum performance specifications chapter 5 the tests procedures to be executed in the laboratory chapter 6 some additional ones executed on the ramp Although not being a maintenance document but a manufacturing verification certification test description it is used as a main source document for establishing maintenance procedures and rules The document being a mandatory reference for the definition of the characteristics it will serve as such in the present paper more in order not to reinvent the wheel the protocol procedures will be used directly as listed in this document and e g their numbering procedures 1 to 39 these protocol procedures are shown in Table 3 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 3 LATESTREQUIREMENTS In order to support the Enhanced Surveillance program see POEMS and future ADS applications the ramp tool must analyse long squitters e extract amp display in clear all parameters contained in the GICB registers as defined in the Mode S Specific Service Manual e extract amp display in clear AICB messages ACAS essential
87. procedures in paragraph 4 1 Operation The installation of the test procedures in the Laboratory test set is based on a set of software modules that control the sequences developed in 4 1 Depending on the objectives of the trials the operator must decide either e torun a standard test by giving the procedure number and the order START e torun a personalised test by giving its number and the order STEP BY STEP so he may input a modification of the prepared data file s e torun a series of procedures e g in burst by giving the procedures numbers in series followed by the order START of course such a series of tests is limited to those using the same equipment installation and set up All orders and data modifications are being input through the PC keyboard Prior to any test the equipment installation that is required for each test see the figures 5 to 11 at the beginning of 4 1 is displayed on the PC in order to allow the operator to verify that he has connected all equipment correctly The contents of the uplink data sent downlink data received interface data transmitted out of the avionic side of the transponder and those to be replied to both managed by the interface card of the PC are observable on request nearly on line they are also stored for later investigation Modules Each module controls a succession of start orders uplink interrogation s by the master unit possibly data receptio
88. r in testing systematically all electric parameters and protocols on line giving way to up down sequences each reply influencing the next interrogation these protocols include Comm A B C amp D messages Test set up for a complete test bench Basically the tests will be executed on the bench but finally a ramp installation is necessary to validate in situ the complete airborne chain incl antenna that is with ACAS CMC in a real environment on the ground or simulated in the air For this purpose some extension towards ramp use power antenna physical support has to be envisaged In addition to this operational validation acceptance of the maintenance procedures will also use the laboratory benches Finally mixed installations combining the laboratory bench and a connected ground station can be used to investigate special problems or new configurations A setup of this kind exist already between the EEC and French and UK technical services Objectives of the bench e validation of SARPS e validation in view of equipment certification not the certification itself e maintenance validation before delivering the certificate of conformity e evaluation and definition of the maintenance procedures to adopt for each version of airborne set up configurations certification e new investigations amp operational evaluations Sets of tests e Testing is based on ICAO Annex 10 the relevant RTCA amp EUROCAE
89. rcraft registration 000000000 000000000 keyboard 000000000 entry 833388383 GONE 000000000 DONE start group of procedure display group settings to enter d data in XPDR fixed dat data in ADLP button execution of all the test modules of the group NO last group YES y print exit data v PRINT EXIT DATA buttons print exit data END TRIAL Figure4 fasttrial planified group of test procedures basic schematics 32 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 3 2 5 3 2 6 3 2 6 1 3 2 6 2 3 2 7 Example of succession of sequences i Set code to A 7377 SPI sequence P51 P57 P75 P52 change code to 4000 52 again change code to 0400 52 again change code to 1642 and switch off the altimeter sequence P53 P58 P62 P66 P71 P72 P77 P85 P86 P87 print the result Other possibilities The system built for the ramp test set needs some flexibility one must be able to modify the characteristics of the tests It is an obligation to allow the evolution of maintenance rules these being adapted to the ATC SSR problems and to manufacturing changes the research and developments of administrations and airliner maintenance services the easy building of the laboratory test set variant This implies the availability of the modules one must be able to access the measurement parameters number of iterations succession
90. rference pulses relative positions amp levels Procedure P66 a 44 Verification i Mode A amp C Acceptance vs P1 gt gt P3 Spacing idem Ramp Test set see page 19 but more levels at XPDR input 21dBm 50 dBm MTL 10 dB MTL 3aB Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 67 a Verification i Mode A amp C Acceptance vs P1 amp P3 Width b Performance specifications i MS 3 9 4 MT 54 52 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal except width P1 amp P3 no P2 PRF 450 Hz level at XPDR input MTL 10 dB i XPDR code A 1642 d Test progress l P1 amp P3 width varying from 0 20 gt gt 1 20 us per 25 ns steps i 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences for each step e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs P1 amp P3 width both Modes A amp C tolerance areas shown 4 1 2 Mode S electric and Intermode A amp C Procedures Procedure P 71 a Verification i Reply Frequency b Performance specifications i MS3 3 1 MT54 2 1 C Installation amp Fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 6 interrogator at nominal setting PRF 50 Hz level at XPDR input 50 dBm Intermode A i XPDR code A 7777 d Test progress To measure the frequency adjust the line stretcher for maximum transmitter frequency shift above or i below 1090 MHz e Measurement amp display Record the frequency mean value of all pulses Procedure P 72 a Verification i Mean Output Power
91. rification i Stochastic Acquisition idem Ramp Test set see page 28 58 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 15 a Verification Comm A Interface and Information Content l For Mark 4 and higher level transponders only b Performance specifications MS 3 4 2 3 17 3 3 21 1 1 amp 10 MT 5 5 8 15 protocol procedure n 15 C Interrogation reply sequences Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 the avionic side output of the XPDR or of the ADLP if both l units are grouped in one box is decoded as necessary in the interface decoding card of the PC sub unit interrogator at nominal setting Mode S UF20 amp 21 Use the hereunder defined interrogations sequence 15A at the nominal 50 int s rate followed by the burst interrogations sequences 15 B amp C Sequence of interrogations 15A 3080 interrogations at the nominal 50 int s rate as follows UF20 or 21 PC x RR x DI 0 SD random MA zz AP TP address where UF alternately equals 20 and 21 PC varies from 1 to 7 randomly RR from 1 to 15 randomly and MA uses the 1540 patterns with just two ONE s and 1540 patterns with just two ZERO s 5 96 of the XPDRs address are replaced by Broadcast address Sequence of interrogations 15B 100 interrogations out of any part of the sequence 15A send in burst as follows att 0 00 s at t 0 08 s att 0 16s at t 0 32 s at t 0 48 s at t 0 64 s
92. rleave the squitters with other replies Remark if existing the onboard mutual suppressing system must be inhibited 1 XPDRs with ACQUISITION SQUITTER ONLY the DF 11 s are transmitted with the following contents DF11 24 bits PI 3 bits address in clear parity on Il 00 300 squitters are observed without any interrogations i 2 XPDRs with EXTENDED SQUITTER Connect the equipment s as on figure 11 DF 17 s are transmitted with the following contents 24 bits ME 56 bits PI address in clear broadcast message parity on Il 00 Prepare set of data to be filled into the airborne side of the XPDR to register 0 5 as follows 50 AA AA AA AA AA AA 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 50 FF FF FF FF FF FF l 50 xx x5 55 55 55 55 where xx x is an hex representation of code C altitude in steps of 25 or 100 feet depending on the XPDR performance Each of these data will be sent and refreshed each sec during 300 sec then ceased send an UF04 with RR 16 DI 7 and SD RRS 5 to generate a GICB 0 5 into the ME field that register contains the airborne position interleave with at random UF04 as for short squitters Repeat the sequence successively with RRS 6 8 9 or 10 99 GICB 06 08 09 or OA ME surface position aircraft ident airborne velocity or event driven message The set of data to be filled are i described in MT 5 4 3 2 2 Control Verify the contents of DF 11 and D
93. ronment a set up of this kind exist presently but this subset is not the purpose of the present document 1 3 3 Objectives of the bench The first objective being the testing in real conditions of Enhanced Surveillance transponders the RAMP test bench has to be developed first the laboratory equipment being an extension of the ramp unit 1 3 4 Test conditions e Testing is based on ICAO Annex 10 the relevant RTCA A EUROCAE MOPS signals in space reply capability messages exchange protocols test conditions see also Annexe 1 e The transponders will be tested in real situation that is aboard stationary aircraft preferably out of the hangar to avoid reflection 1 3 5 Availability New ramp test sets are in preparation that include automatic sequences it is highly probable that their incresed capabilities will join our present request at least partially The present document is then a way of standardising these tools to reach the minimum commonality Transponders Test Benches Requirements 3 1 4 COMBINED BENCHES Grouping the various above described benches and taking into account that the ramp unit is basically a reduced version of the maintenance bench itself a reduced version of the research bench one may propose a common development and the building case like shown on the Figure 1 below Airborne simulator Figure 1 Ramp and Laboratory benches for XPDR amp ADLP Transponders Test Benches Requirements
94. sent generation in use capable of measuring under variable interrogation parameters pulses SLS most of the pulse characteristics including frequency variations with a higher accuracy Presently equipment are digitally controlled but through long and semi automatic procedures Most ramp tools in use are variants with capabilities reduced on both interrogations and replies characteristic and display part of the problem is linked to the time limits to user technicality to price Mode S is now included in these equipment limited to electrical parameters and some protocols 1 1 2 Laboratory tests Several test benches exist for Mode A C but new bench tools are needed for Mode S XPDRs e to analyse new errors e to investigate new problems new developments e to examine protocols e to help certify the airborne installation 1 1 3 Ramp tests Several ramp test sets exist for Mode A C amp Mode S but e they are outdated e they are not yet adapted to rapid testing of protocols the increased set of tests data link functions 1 1 4 Concerning tests in both situations Data link function that add new domains of investigation that are only partially fulfilled e g enhanced surveillance functions by the test sets presently in use European Harmonisation is necessary for both tools and maintenance requirements for Mode A C amp S airborne equipment based on the same EUROCAE MOPS reference 2 1 1 5 Some useful references We r
95. setting PRF 50 Hz d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences as follows Mode S level at XPDR input 21dBm wait for the reply end i followed by a variable delay followed by a Mode S interrogation at level MTL 3 dB i the delay varies from 50 to 125 us per 1s steps e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs delay the dead time the value where reply rate crosses 90 Procedure P79 a Verification i Suppression Time b Performance specifications i MS3 83 MT5 4 4 3 C Fixed settings Connect the equipment s as on figure 8 Interrogator at nominal setting PRF 50 Hz d Test progress 100 interrogation 99 reply sequences as follows P1 P2 A t 2 us same level followed by a variable delay followed by a Mode A interrogation delay from 15 to 55 us per 1ys steps test done at 21 50 65 dBm amp MTL 3 dBm e Measurement amp display Diagram reply vs delay the suppression time the value where reply rate crosses 10 shown for each level 48 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Procedure P 80 a Verification l Receiving Frequency Acceptance Bandwidth b Performance specifications i MS 3 2 2 amp 3 MT 5 4 1 2 C Fixed settings Interrogator at nominal setting except the frequency PRF 50 Hz d Test progress l 1 100 interrogation SS reply sequences for levels at input XPDR from 60 gt gt 80 dBm l repeated for 1029 gt gt 1031 MHz in 0 1
96. start with UF21 Pezoj RR 0 Dret SD 1S 00000 er 000000 MAT AP at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 21 4s send UF11 with II x No Reply expected at t 23 6 s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected repeat the sequence inverting simultaneously UF20 lt gt 21 DI 21 7 b sequence for SIS att 0 send OFOP a e 95 88 eremm WAT AP att 0 02 s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expected att 0 04 n x 0 3s interlace with UFO4 with SI not y att 4 5s restart veil Wren Peso RRO TDL SDE SEY LSS E at various t send Mode A C and Intermode all call interrog Reply expected att 21 4s send UF11 with SI y No Reply expected at t 23 6 s send UF11 with SI y Reply expected Transponders Test Benches Requirements Sequence of interrogations 5 4 Broadcast discrimination tests sequence for IIS a For all XPDRs att 0 send UFO4 PO 0 T Dici SD ilS x 00000 LOS 1 000000 ad FFFFFF att 0 02s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected at t 0 04 s interlace with UFO5 with II not x at t 0 06 s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected i b For XPDRs level 2 amp above only att 0 send _UF20 PO O ARCO Bie SDS 00000 05 1 000000 MA AFFET att 0 02s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected at t 0 04 s interlace with UF21 with Il not x att 0 06s send UF11 with Il x Reply expected Sequence of interrogations 5 5 Broadcast discrimi
97. sts l t 0 when the status is changed to In flight att 0 02s send UFxx see above the reply should contain the correct VS amp FS fields at t 16 95 s and after as in sequence 7B see above d Test progress and Control Set Mode A code to 1642 prepare the sequence 7A at the control box change the code to 7500 this starts the bench test set t 0 s by the sync link the program verifies each reply and displays the correct code and FS field Repeat the execution with alert codes 7600 and 7700 Reset Mode A code to 1642 prepare the sequence 7B at the control box change the code to 1643 this starts Reset Mode A code to 1642 prepare the sequence 7C at the control box add the SPI bit this starts Reset Mode A code to 1642 and set Flight status to Ground prepare the sequence 7D at the control box change to In flight this starts Repeat the execution reversing In flight to Ground and vice versa Transponders Test Benches Requirements 57 Procedure P 9 amp Verification i Mode S Address idem Ramp Test set see page 26 Procedure P 10 amp Verification Altitude Report idem Ramp Test set see page 26 Procedure P 11 amp Verification Mode A Report idem Ramp Test set see page 27 Procedure P 12 amp Verification i RI Acquisition and Maximum Speed idem Ramp Test set see page 27 Procedure P 13 a Ve
98. t or re start buttons These buttons may be physically installed in front of the equipment or touch screen operation 3 2 2 Modules Each module controls a succession of displays and waiting periods for any order given by the buttons START display procedure name test contents v DS m YES NEXT display settings to enter data in XPDR fixed data data ADLP e button start or continue procedure modify data settings v display PASS FAIL SHOW RESULTS ves buttons results display EXIT MODULE Figure 2 module for one procedure basic schematics v E 30 Transponders Test Benches Requirements 3 2 3 e display the procedure name and tests contents wait for approval or stop or next procedure display the settings the data to enter in the transponder via its control box e g the code or if applicable to the external equipment linked to it ADLP wait for execution order e start of the procedure stops whenever a new setting has to be applied during the procedure e g change of code wait for continue order e stops at end of testing display of the information PASSED or FAILED wait for order display result or go to the next procedure e if result display button has been pushed the successive results are presented in the form corresponding to the measurement a data e g Pulse Width 455 ns mean of 100 replies 14 pulses the tolerances is 3
99. teristics of the SSR Mode S transponder 3 1 2 10 1 3 1 2 10 1 1 SER we 3 1 2 10 1 13 3 12 3a 5 4 7 2 Reply ratio in the presence of low level asynchronous interference 3 12 3b 5 4 7 2 Sau 54 12 3 1 2 10 2 3 3 3 5 4 2 2 Transponder peak pulse power 5 4 2 1 4 3 1 2 10 2 1 5 4 2 3 Inactive state transponder output power 3 1 2 10 2 2 5 4 2 3 Spurious emission radiation 3 1 2 10 3 headline J ss Special characteristics 3 1 2 10 3 1 5 4 4 2 Mode S side lobe suppression 5 4 7 2 Transponders Test Benches Requirements Annexe 9 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 3 1 2 10 3 2 3 10 3 b 5 4 6 2 Mode S dead time 3 1 2 10 3 3 3 21 1 2 5 4 12 1 2 a amp b Mode S receiver desensitization 5 5 8 1 amp 9 31210331 9 102 3 1240 3 4 ied 3 1 2 10 3 5 3 1 2 10 3 6 3 11 5 4 2 5 Reply rate limiting 5 4 2 5 2 3 1 2 10 3 6 1 5 4 2 5 Mode S reply rate limiting 5 4 2 5 2 3 3 5 4 2 5 Modes A and C reply rate limiting 3 3 1 2 10 3 6 2 5 4 2 5 2 11 11 3 1 2 10 3 7 3 4 1 5 4 2 5 2 Minimum reply rate capability Modes A C and S 3 1 2 10 3 7 1 5 4 2 5 Minimum reply rates 5 Co A Wi Aa 2 e N Wi 3 4 2 5 4 2 5 2 The Minimum reply rate capability Modes A and C 5 4 3 5 2 5 5 8 15 amp 24 3 1 2 10 3 7 3 5 4 2 5 2 f Minimum reply rate capability Mode S 31240374 5 4 2 5 2 f Minimum Mode S ELM peak reply rate 3 1 2 10 3 8 Introduction a Reply delay and jitter 3 1 2 10 3 8 1 3 7 1 5 4 3 3 Repl
100. with simultaneously changing the address as above and verify similarly if CA 0 AA CA 4 AA CA 5 AA CA 6 AA CA 7 AA l 2 Downlink coding for AP fields set to set to set to set to set to Interrogate the XPDR to get DF05 and DF21 replies that are observed on the oscilloscope set the address manually on the back connector to AA 20 78 CE hex 75 2D 9B hex 0B 15 4F hex 75 2D 9B hex Procedure P2 a Verification Interrogation Acceptance idem Ramp Test set see page 24 There are no P3 P8 amp P14 see table 5 page 14 Transponders Test Benches Requirements gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt DF05 should contain all zeros DF05 should contain 55 55 55 hex DF21 should contain all zeros DF05 should contain 55 55 55 hex 51 Procedure P4 a b C d 52 Verification Non selective All call Lockout Performance specifications i MS 3 20 2 4 MT 5 5 8 4 protocol procedure n 4 Hef 11 Mode S Sl code validation Installation preparation amp fixed settings Connect the XPDR to the Bench test as on figure 5 interrogator at nominal setting in Modes A C amp Intermodes no P2 P3 P4 spacing nominal Mode S UF04 05 amp 11 and UF20 amp 21 if XPDR is Mark 4 type see the dual asterisks Two interrogations sequences are prepared sequence 4P the positive tests at well defined times they test the XPD
101. y delay and jitter for Modes A and C 31210382 13724 5 4 3 4 Reply delay and jitter for Mode S Tse JI 31210383 372p 5 4 3 4 Reply delay and jitter for Modes A C S all call Tac JI 3 1 2 10 3 9 E ECH 31210970 25 Inhibition of replies 3 1 2 10 4 2 3 16 1 b Antenna location 3 1 2 10 4 3 3 16 2 5 4 11 2 Antenna selection ae ae eis 3 1 2 10 4 4 3 1 2 10 4 5 3 1 2 10 5 Data processing and interfaces 3 1 2 10 5 1 Introduction Direct data 12 10 3 17 1a 5 4 12 1 Fixed direct data 5 4 12 2 5 5 8 9 amp 10 5 5 8 12 amp 17 10 Transponder sTest Benches Requirements Annexe 3 1 2 10 4 3 16 7 2 1 5 4 11 2d Transponder antenna system and diversity operation 5 4 3 2 2g 54 12 C 3 1 2 10 4 1 3 22 4 Radiation pattern NEWS sms sana 3 wo io AR e Z SS 3 16 4c 2 5 4 11 2 annex 19 ED 73 Ch 3 ED 73 Ch 5 Annex 10 Title 31210512 1347 14 5 4 12 1 Interfaces for fixed direct data 5 4 12 2 5 5 8 9 amp 10 5 5 8 12 amp 17 3 1 2 10 5 1 3 5 4 12 1 Variable direct data 5 4 12 2 5 5 8 9 amp 10 5 5 8 12 amp 17 3 1 2 10 5 1 4 5 4 12 1 Interfaces for variable direct data 5 4 12 2 5 5 8 9 amp 10 5 5 8 12 amp 17 3 1 2 10 5 2 3 17 2a 5 4 13 Indirect data 3 1 2 10 5 2 1 54 123 The function of interfaces 5 4 12 3 2 5 5 8 15 5 5 8 15 2 5 5 8 22 24 amp 25 5 5 8 83 amp Ai 8472b 54 13 pu 3 17 3 Sen 5 4 12 3 2 5 58 15 5 5 8 15 2

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