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LIN/ALIN Local Instrument Network Installation User Guide

1. LIN A T103 Unit LIN B Controller CPUs lt aE i o a T221 rs LIN ALIN _ Dl Bridge o G J S9508 5 2RJ45 T303 Unit C Supervisor Ole L_ Ae a ao xr mH i Olo allea D z 7 a all olk L S9508 5 2RJ45 ALIN s9572 Bei lei U Portable PC oll Workstation C LINtools MER a od a ME Oo lt 3m 9565 PCALIN RJ45 I O MODULES Figure 2 3 ALIN network example using 1000 star configuration via ALIN hub 2 2 3 Examples of T103 303 ALIN networks Figure 2 3 schematises an ALIN network interconnecting T103 303s Unit Controller Su pervisor a T221 LIN ALIN Bridge and a PC workstation via an S9572 ALIN hub Note that the maximum drop length per node is 3 metres See 2 2 4 for the S9572 ALIN hub installation details Figure 2 4 shows the equivalent network connected in a daisy chain configuration This needs no hub but terminators must be used at each end of the chain Refer to the 7703 303 Unit Controller Supervisor Handbook within the T103 303 Unit Controller Supervisor Product Manual Part No HA 083 671 U999 for more informa tion on these configurations 2 6 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2
2. Check number of nodes Ensure that the maximum number of nodes LIN 30 at 1000m ALIN 16 at 100m has not been exceeded Re poll LIN nodes present Any faults found amp corrected Proceed to live cable tests See 5 Figure 4 3 Tracing suspected cable hardware faults LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 Ch4 6 LIN ALIN fault finding 5 LIVE CABLE CHECKS USING LIN_DIAG amp LRA BLOCKS The flowchart in Figure 4 4 guides you through a non disruptive test on the live network cables and connectors which you should do next if the checks in 4 have indicated any cabling problems This test should pinpoint individual nodes with faulty cabling When you discover a faulty node you go on to use the chart in 6 on the node in question disconnected then return to Figure 4 4 to continue live checking From Figure 4 3 Set up diagnostics on test node Create mimic on T1000 test node or use the PNTS facility in VIEW to monitor simultaneously the LIN_DIAG blocks Rep_pass fields in all nodes on the network For redundant cable installations also monitor simultaneously all LRA blocks Using FaultOnA amp FaultOnB fields Stress cables amp terminators on single node Start at one end of the LIN cable For a given node wiggle its cables amp connectors while observing Rep_pass and any LIN status LEDs supp
3. lt 0 1ps gt Figure 4 9 ALIN signal detail of individual 1 dipulse 4 20 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 87 4 7 4 Signal asymmetry in ALIN waveforms Under certain circumstances when large numbers of nodes are grouped at unfavourable nodal points on a bus as described in Chapter 2 communications failures result These failures are due to reflections caused by impedance mismatches which interfere with the signals and make them asymmetric Figure 4 10 shows an ALIN signal which has asymmetry i e in the dipulses the ampli tude of the positive peak height above zero is different from the amplitude of the nega tive peak depth below zero Ideally they should be identical for a given dipulse but an asymmetry of up to 10 has proved to be acceptable 8V a 5 88 OV ees 7 32 oY on NEE 8V lt time Figure 4 10 ALIN signal showing asymmetry The asymmetry of a dipulse is defined as the ratio of this amplitude difference to the peak to peak dipulse voltage expressed as a percentage The modulus of the amplitude differ ence is used so that the asymmetry is always positive Asymmetry Ipositive peak amplitude negative peak amplitude l peak to peak voltage 100 The example in the figure shows for the rightmost dipulse a peak to peak of 1
4. missing _ have unique node numbers amp database names including every PCLIN card See 3 2 If using T221 bridge check that the addressing rules have been observed and are appropriate to the protocols in use by your instruments See 3 3 Rectify any problems amp run Poll LIN again NO Node s still missing YES Cable amp or hardware faults highly probable Permanent cable amp or Check physical layer LIN only hardware faults unlikely Via cached blocks in the test node or locally but intermittent faults via a node s inspect mode check the LRA possible DIAG block 3 4 for all LIN nodes in turn starting with the missing node s Check MAC layer Via cached blocks in the test node or locally gt check the LIN_DIAG block 3 5 for all nodes in turn starting with the missing node s For ALIN check the ALINDIAG block 3 6 Cable problems confirmed Cable amp or hardware problems unlikely Check LLC layer See 8 Pinpoint cable hardware faults See 4 r Figure 4 2 Fault finding the physical layer 4 6 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 3 2 3 1 Polling the LIN 3 1 1 Using Poll LIN in LINtools VIEW One of the advantages of using LINtools VIEW is that you can use its Poll LIN feature to look for all expected
5. 1 3 routing amp earthing 12 212 Data transmitted over the LIN 3 6 SCHEENEM 5 ee eres 2 3 Database solid core ore 1 5 diagnostics block 45 stripping tool n 1 6 names ked dta tee CH 1 8 2 16 47 Po i ee we 12 23 DB_DIAG A 4 5 testing live n 4 14 block ere ca 1 9 2 16 4 23 testing RJAS ALIN ccccsscesceeeeeeeees 4 17 DC resistance measurements 4 16 type 2002 hed Ly a 1 5 DDIAG nn nosissssssisssssssisssssersrsrssrree 4 5 type 2002 assembly a 1 6 De rating CW Ng Gt Gyu 1 3 Index 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2 Index D L DIAG dimensions euuue iii iin 2 8 block names standard 9 4 5 interconnection ccccceceeeeeceeeeee sees 2 9 CONEQ OLY giii E a iai 4 1 network example 1209 2 10 Diagnostic HuDs sn A E E wit teens 4 18 block table entry example 4 3 blockKs inae WG Y aaah 4 1 l caching remote blocks 4 5 Instrument stations 12 2 3 indications in ALIN signal Interconnecting different ALIN systems 2 12 measurements eeeeeeeeeee 419 Intermittent problems cc00eee 49 DIN Gil GFTN TY 1 2 2 12 MOUNTING vienne ain 2 8 L DIN rail Layer structure eeeceeteeeeeeteeeeeteeeees 4 1 mounted connectors e 1 2 Of thes LING Seati abet ta 4 2 MAN 420 421 DEXI ANni 4 5 D
6. female female female T piece for LIN stub a an BNC STATION LU BNC male connector N LIN cable m STATION BNC 750 BNC LIN female female 75Q earthed DIN rail terminator mounted connector Stub connection to node not recommended Figure 1 1 LIN layout schematic LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 1 1 Chl 2 2 LIN Installation 2 LIN LAYOUT Figure 1 1 schematises a simple 5 node single LIN layout In practice a redundant pair of LINs would be used if possible Basically a LIN is one piece of coaxial cable with a BNC 75Q terminator at each end Nodes are introduced by inserting 3 way connectors at any points in the cable The preferred connector is a female female male F adaptor but fe male male female T pieces can also be used Note that additional connectors can be in serted in the cable in any positions and be left vacant to act as spare nodes for future ex pansion 2 1 Stubs Instrument stations are best connected directly to the adaptor at each node If direct con nection is not possible a short stub of cable may be used between station and node Stubs should not be used unless absolutely unavoidable To minimise degradation of performance stubs should not be longer than 1 metre Additionally multiple stubs must be separated by at least ten times the average stub length as exemp
7. 2 12 un PN eS YE troubleshooting 9 2 15 A AND NA e y ed aa 4 5 Acti ALINDIAG ncnion sineren 4 5 4 9 au 33 ALINDIAG block Da lla I nd 29 checking ALIN MAC layer 4 10 s installation oscine ninn a parameiers for physicalilay r Al ac Cee eS 29 faultfinding cceeeeseeeeeeees 4 11 AM Pog Ri PET yy pepe Application layer checking 4 23 1200 hub dimensions 2 11 gla ES ee SV ee ee eo a symmetry ao e C E E EET 2 12 ALIN sional 42 cable components table 2 15 AIRE a RAF O 42 bling components 2 14 eas Sn VANS Or ia pat A 2 1 Attenuation aseeseen 1 3 2 3 a FT Ge AUTO mode WN 33 rue te py Sept os Automatic operation configuration 3 4 hub dimensions cceeeseeeseeeees 2 8 hub network example 120Q 2 10 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2 Index 1 B D Index B type 2002 components eee08 1 6 BACKUP_TAKEOVER Mawd donn S EEA ES 3 6 unshielded FEREN RIA VERRA ETRIE Y YD 2 5 Belden wire stripping tool s e 1 5 9114 cable uei 4 16 Cable connector standarde sa eek eis 13 23 checks on suspect node 415 Bend i mateo al 1 2 Cable hardware faults 4 12 BNC tracing suspected cceceeeeeee 4 13 750 terminator oaii 1 2 Cabling centre pin HYPES ueu 416 TOO On iy y TU GDG FL dd 2 4 c ntrepinS aiaiis eens ynd CYR Do 4 16 1200 n
8. Ot DOWEI UD oo cece ansni 3 2 T600 series instruments 2 1 modulerne y nd did 3 2 T640 T221 ALIN example 2 3 SHOFEGIECUITS use Ne uu ddw 3 2 T640s connecting 2 12 2 13 Signal level and format conversion 2 1 OR senses sca E sateen 1 7 4 17 Skew between signals 3 2 testing important instructions 4 18 Sleeve colour uii Tide Meatbseaani a y WT 1 9 2 16 4 23 Software alarms 1 9 2 16 4 2 Terminators euu eiii ii nien 4 19 Solid core cables ccccceeeseeeeeeees T5 Testnode neu i Ghent 4 2 Specification resident diagnostic blocks 4 4 1000 system eeeeeeeceeeeeesetsteeeeees 2 3 Sehingg Upc 3 avordt Y Tide NRN 4 4 1200 sysfem eeueeeeeeeuunn 29 Testing the LIN cable 1 7 78O system re 22 Time domain reflectometry 1 7 LING E AET SWN oes 1 9 Time domain reflectometry TDR 4 17 Stations eaat yddu 1 3 Timeout valUe eeeueueeuieniieneune 3 6 on a redundant LIN 0 ceeeees 3 1 Token is c0eescceces aes dccnceaateiccara e 3 2 POWEP UD annan ee aa EE E 3 3 FING PAE ATAS 4 8 4 10 4 11 Stranded cores cccceseeseeeesteeeeteeees 1 5 oile Iio cess a 2 1 Stress relief loops c0cccccectseeeteeees 1 2 Tot fall co i ng yu GU ddd ddydd 1 9 Stressing of Connectors en 1 2 Trouble shooting o c 2 16 Sf
9. Care is needed to achieve a high standard of LIN cabling because any faults in the cables or connections degrade the performance of the control system For example intermittent loss of communications can cause excessive numbers of re tries and so effectively slow down the control action LIN cable installations should therefore be resistance tested be fore use for intermittent resistive and open circuit connections Remember that LIN_DIAG and other function blocks can be included in control strategies to help diag nose and pinpoint sources of communications problems Eurotherm Process Automation Limited strongly recommend the use of time domain reflectometry TDR to test and vali date all LIN installations Our Customer Services Division will be happy to carry out this work please contact them for details of price and availability LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO05 Issue 2 1 7 Chl 5 1 LIN Installation If you suspect that your network is malfunctioning you can refer to Chapter 4 of this hand book LIN ALIN fault finding This details how to pinpoint cable and connector faults and gives some outline guidance on tracing higher level software problems Some instructions for using TDR are also given in 6 4 of Chapter 4 5 1 following presents a trouble shooting and fault avoidance checklist that should be observed when installing checking LINs 5 1 m LIN installation trouble s
10. FREEZE with an additional qualifying bit called HoldMode A further LRA block parameter the Active bit determines if the station may be able actively to force its own operating mode and HoldMode state on other LIN stations or passively accept the mode broadcast by others The LRA block s Mode pa rameter indicates the station s current operating mode AUTO InAUTO mode automatic LIN channel switching occurs i e the algorithm decides which is the channel to listen to A or B and automatically connects the sta tion to the chosen channel The switching algorithm is biased towards LIN A That is with either no LIN cable faults or both A and B faulty as detected by the comparator module it is LIN A that is connected to NOTE The LIN works at maximum efficiency when all nodes are in their de fault state i e AUTO mode HoldMode and Active FALSE The Active param eter is explained below FORCE_A FORCE B While in FORCE _A or B mode the LIN switching algo rithm is disabled and LIN A or LIN B respectively is selected as the listening chan nel regardless of any faults detected FREEZE While in FREEZE mode the LIN switching algorithm is disabled and the station continues listening via the LIN channel currently connected to Active bit Stations with FALSE Active parameters are passive non broadcasters whose operating modes are forced to follow the mode regularly broadcast by an ac tive Acti
11. applicable to TDR testing 4 18 Measurements on ALIN signals 0 cece ese eeeeeeeeeeeaeee 4 18 7 1 Measuring signals at ALIN hubs 0 0 cece 4 18 72 Measuring signals at terminated ALIN cables non hub 4 19 7 3 Diagnostic indications of ALIN signal measurements 4 19 7 4 Signal asymmetry in ALIN waveforms 4 21 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 Contents 3 Contents 8 Checking the higher LIN ALIN layers e e euennneunenu 4 22 8 1 Checking the LLC layer cece csecseteneees 4 22 8 2 Checking the Network layer 0 0 eseeeeeeeeeee 4 23 8 3 Checking the Application layer eee eens 4 23 Index Contents 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U00S5 Issue 2 Chl 1 Chapter 1 LIN INSTALLATION This chapter tells you about the LIN Local Instrument Network and how to install it The main topics covered are LIN cables 3 The LIN 1 LIN layout 2 1 THE LIN The LIN Local Instrument Network is a token passing masterless network running at 1Mbaud allowing peer to peer communications and file transfer Ch4 1 1 explains the layer structure of the LIN Wiring in confined spaces 4 Testing the LIN 5 LIN specifications 6 Minimum STATION Vacant node radius bend BNC LIN ba DE BNC erminator Stress relief STATION female female male loop _ F adaptor
12. exactly Connections between real blocks must not be duplicated in their cached images Do not forget to delete duplicated connections if a database is copied and cached Although you can connect between either real blocks or their cached images faster comms are achieved by connecting between the real blocks It is also more efficient to connect from a cached block into a real block than the other way round Ensure that cached block types match the real block types exactly E g if the real block is a PID ensure that the cached block is also a PID Ensure that cached block names match the real block names exactly This type of mis match is the usual cause of software alarms Do not leave cached blocks existing without their matching real blocks e g after de leting a database This slows down communications as well as causing software alarms Check for software alarms in all databases Track down the causes of any alarms and eliminate them Check the DB_DIAG block for consistent values The number of Teatts To External ATTachments should match the number of Featts From External ATTachments be tween real and cached databases 2 16 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 Ch3 2 1 Chapter 3 LIN REDUNDANCY 1 REDUNDANT NETWORKS A redundant network is a group of instruments that are all connected together by both their A and B LIN channels and that can all support both the LIN channels in hardw
13. fall below 7V peak to peak The threshold for the ALIN receivers is 4 5V peak to peak Measure the signal across a port of the hub using an oscilloscope in differential mode To do this two scope probes are required Connect the ground clips of both scope leads to the ground stud of the hub Connect channel 1 to ALIN phase B and channel 2 to ALIN phase A Set the scope to ADD and channel 2 to INVERT so that you are measuring the phase B minus phase A signal Using a differential measurement eliminates common mode noise and avoids corrupting the ALIN signal by loading it with the scope s capacitance NOTE In older style ALIN hubs with twin BNC connectors the socket is phase A and the pin phase B For hubs fitted with 8 way RJ45 sockets phase A is on pin 4 blue wire and phase B is on pin 5 white blue wire To access the hub sockets easily you can use an appropriately wired plug and clip the scope probes to its leads A suitable plug and cable for RJ45 hubs can be ordered via Order No S9508 5 1RJ45 Using a 10x probe should not be necessary but the same probe type must be used on both channels The triggering of the scope off channel 1 should be straightforward especially if no caching of data is occurring i e no data changes or other network activity e g file transfers start stop DB etc 4 18 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 87 3 7 2 Me
14. for T640 Integrated Loop Processor amp T221 LIN ALIN Bridge installations connected via rear panel screw terminals and is de scribed in 2 1 Note that the 1009 system is now preferred NE 1000 system This is used for T103 303 Unit Controller Supervisor networks connected either via an S9572 ALIN hub or more usually daisychained It can also be used for connecting T640s to the network and is described in 2 2 E 12009 system This was used in the older T102 302 Unit Controller Supervisor networks connected via twin ax BNO connectors and an S9571 ALIN hub See 2 3 Although not the ideal configuration it is possible subject to certain restrictions to interconnect the different cabling systems successfully See 2 5 for information Table 2 1 in 2 6 lists ALIN cabling components recommended for use in all types of ALIN installation LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 1 Ch2 2 1 1 ALIN Installation 2 1 Connecting up the 780 ALIN system 2 1 1 780 system specification Cable type shielded twisted pair Connectors ferrules Line impedance 82Q nominal 78Q Network topology single non branching Network terminations 82Q at each end Maximum load 20 nodes Maximum length 100 metres Grounding single point ground per system Screened ALIN cable Terminato To earthed metalwork 820 Terminator Part No LAO8
15. maximum drop length of 3 metres LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 13 Ch2 2 6 ALIN Installation 2 6 ALIN cabling components Table 2 1 lists the cabling and cabling components you may need for ALIN installations of all types For information on components not in the table or special orders contact the factory Component EPA Mfg s PN Notes ALIN 789 SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR Original T640 T221 system 780 ALIN cable blue CM083043 780 ALIN cable assembly 2 x ferrules S9508 1 2FER xxx Specify length 780 ALIN cable assembly 1 x BNO ferrules S9508 1 1BNC xx Specify length 820 terminator LA082586U001 Standard 780 installation ALIN 1200 SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR T102 302 9571 hub BNO system 1200 ALIN cable blue CM083025 1200 BNO male clamp solder connector Cl083589 Twin ax BNO connector 1200 BNO terminator C1249472 1200 cable assembly BNO to ferrules 9508 4 1BNC xxx xxx length m Hub to T221 bridge 1200 cable assembly BNO to BNO 9508 4 2BNC xxx xxx length m Hub to T102 302s ALIN 1000 FOIL SHIELDED CAT 5 CABLE T103 303 RJ45 system also T640 Cable Cat 5 Patch Systems Cable 4 pairs white CM248894 Preferred Cat 5 Patch Systems Cable 4 pairs white CM250448 Stranded for flexible runs Cat 5 Patch Cord type FTP 4 pairs grey BICC H9670 Farnell Elec Services 407283G Cat 5 Patch Cable
16. nodes on the network You can often get a complete list of nodes even when other problems exist e g cached block configuration problems To access Poll LIN select the softkey query any block on the monitor worksheet then query its Dbase field to pop up a menu of options including Poll LIN Click on Poll LIN to pop up a further menu then click on Re poll to start polling The LIN address currently being polled is shown at the bottom right of the screen above the function key definitions At the end of the polling process a list of all detected nodes appears below the Re poll item NOTE When a set of addresses is polled that share a most significant LIN ad dress hex digit with a T221 bridge the rate of polling can decrease dramatically It speeds up again after this range of addresses has been polled 3 1 2 Using Poll LIN in LINfiler You can also poll the LIN or ALIN via the LINfiler utility part of the LINtools suite To do this highlight the Dev field on a LINfiler column already attached to a LIN or ALIN device press lt Enter gt then press the lt Tab gt key After a few moments searching all the nodes found are listed with their associated databases Refer to Chapter 10 of the T500 LINtools User Guide Part No HA 082 377 U005 for full details 3 2 Node numbers amp database names If all expected nodes cannot be found by polling the LIN check that all nodes have unigue node numbers and database n
17. or Gordon transmits But the comparators in the other three stations see the fault only when James transmits So before deciding that a fault has cleared the algorithm must al low enough time for all nodes to have transmitted Normally this time is measured by the number of tokens received and is about one second When for some reason tokens are not being received the time is set at about two seconds LINA LIN B Figure 3 1 LIN cable fault example 2 4 Hardware fault detection Faults in the instrument s internal LIN electronics chips components PCBs etc are detected by the self test module which makes use of a station s ability to disconnect itself from the LIN and listen to itself talking Each channel is self tested at power up If both channels fail the test is repeated periodically Otherwise if it can transmit and receive on at least one channel the station connects itself to the LIN and no further self testing oc curs Note that self test is an active test and so is not performed with the node connected to the LIN which could disrupt communications elsewhere on the network Self test failures are reported in the LRA block via the FailTstA and FailTstB parameters 3 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Redundancy Ch3 3 3 LIN OPERATING MODES The LIN can operate in four modes supported directly by the LIN redundancy algorithm AUTO FORCE_A FORCE_B or
18. used only in situations where the 9114 is unsuitable owing to its stiffness and larger bend radius The minimum bend radius for 2002 cable is around 25mm The 2002 cable can be safely used up to a maximum total length of 100m without degrad ing the performance of the LIN or reducing the total transmission distance of 1000m when used in conjunction with 9114 cable For reasons of reliability if you intend to as semble your own LIN cables we strongly recommend that you E use only EPAL approved components and assembly tools obtained through us or from approved suppliers Table 1 3 lists the necessary components and EPAL part numbers E carry out the assembly in the way detailed below in 4 2 Assembling type 2002 LIN cables LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 1 5 Chl 4 2 LIN Installation Component EPA Mfg s PN Notes 750 LIN flexible cable white BICC LDW Cables 2002 To BT Specification CW1229 750 LIN flexible cable cut length S9505 4 001 xx Specify length xxx metres 75Q BNC male crimp straight plug 9505 4 002 Crimps to 2002 cable Strain relief boot 9505 4 003 colour Specify colour Crimp tool for 2002 9505 4 004 Hex for 5 6mm cables Cable stripping tool for 2002 9505 4 005 Quick cut amp strip Table 1 3 Type 2002 LIN cable components 4 2 Assembling type 2002 LIN cables Please refer to Figure 1 3 To fix a BNC straight plug to the end of a length of 2002 typ
19. 02 302 120Q ALIN hub installations 2 13 2 6 ALIN cabling component eee eeeeeeceteeeeeneees 2 14 3 ALIN troubleshooting 0 eee eeeeseeseceeeecesseteeseeneeaes 2 15 3 1 Testing the ALIN before use 0 eee eeeeeseeeeeeeeees 2 15 3 2 ALIN installation troubleshooting checklist 2 16 LIN REDUNDANCY Redundant networks occ cee eeeeeesceeseeecseeessessetseeeaes 3 1 2 GIN Ward Wate ei YY NY WYW FFY YF dy 3 1 2 1 LIN channel switching sseesesesesessesssssssesesesereresessrsreesese 3 1 22 LIN fault detect Onss c3 00 cscesssecsconasicensseestedenededenssconassboaens 3 2 23 EIN fault cleatin gi iu dr Ten Fy ysy Wynn cxsseotsns 3 2 2 4 Hardware fault detection eee eeeeeeecseeseeseeeeees 3 2 LIN Operating MOS x iieaoe a eriari 3 3 3 1 Automatic operation configuration eee cece 3 4 3 2 Forced operation configuration cece cette 3 4 Broadcasting on the LIN eee eeeeseeseeeceesseteeseeseeeeaes 3 6 4 1 Multiple broadcasters 0 cece eee eeeeeeeeeeesetsetseneenes 3 6 4 2 POWCr Up actiOl 8 neii DG Y FT Yng EYDAU 3 7 Contents 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 Contents Chapter 4 LIN ALIN FAULT FINDING 1 Overview of fault finding on the LIN oe eee eee 4 1 1 1 Layer structure of the LIN oo cece eeeeeesseeeeceeeeeeeeneeeeees 4 1 1 2 Fault finding procedure outline n se 4 1 1 3 Problems with LIN systems 0 0 cece
20. 2 Re poll LIN All nodes present Any faults found amp corrected NO Check T piece or F piece Verify that no internal pins are damaged or missing or have been pushed back into the connector Check that the insulation is undamaged Use resistance meter to verify that the T piece has continuity through centre conductor to all three ports and is not shorted to screen Re poll LIN All nodes present Any faults found amp corrected NO Check cables for short or open circuits 6 3 NOTE All T221 bridges must be physically disconnected Use resistance meter to measure resistance between cable inner and outer in both directions from the node Wiggling connectors may show up intermittent faults Short open No cable amp or hardware problems likely Check LLC layer See 8 1 Re poll LIN All nodes present circuitin No cable Locate and remedy Resistance close to expected value YES Cable connector faults associated with this node unlikely L p Check next node along Return to Figure 4 4 L Yy Figure 4 5 Cable connector checks on suspect node LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 15 Ch4 86 3 LIN ALIN fault finding 6 1 Disconnecting nodes from the LIN These tests may not be possible in a running system because they involve disconnect
21. 2 2 3 LIN A T103 Unit LIN B Controller CPUs D m m Ors alle o T221 s LIN ALIN E D Bridge o gc T303 Unit LJ Supervisor ai g ne al sg o oA g HENTE e lim eollog D B M 6 o oo Me B Ll 8 JA S9508 5 2RJ45 Ve alle a DH eo 64 Portable PC Workstation e n LINtools LA 250481 RJ45 bus box LA 249397 1009 terminator a S9508 5 2RJ45 U short stub o C I O MODULES S9565 PCALIN RJ45 LA 249397 Figure 2 4 ALIN network example using 1000 daisychain configuration LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 7 Ch2 2 2 4 ALIN Installation 2 off 4 8mm 2 off 5mm mounting mounting holes on 12 off RJ45 holes on case back bracket sockets A A O to LO Y Y 2 off 6 off cover Removable bracket fixing screws Label carrier panel mounting bracket studs Figure 2 5 9572 1000 ALIN hub dimensions mm 2 2 4 RJ45 9572 1000 ALIN hub installation details Figure 2 5 shows dimensions and installation details for the RJ45
22. 2586U00 Figure 2 1 T640 T221 780 ALIN layout schematic example 2 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2 2 2 1 2 1 2 Example T640 T221 ALIN network Figure 2 1 schematises a simple 5 node T640 T221 ALIN layout Basically the ALIN is one piece of twisted pair cable with an 82Q terminator at each end The standard 82Q value is close enough to the cable s characteristic impedance for prac tical purposes Instrument stations are connected directly to the cable via screw terminals 20 screen 21 phase A and 22 phase B Bootlace ferrules are strongly recommended Phases A and B must be consistently connected and not crossed between nodes Do not use stubs of cable Refer to the 7640 Product Manual Part No HA 082 468 U999 for general information on T640 connections and wiring Cable types For full performance characteristics Eurotherm Process Automation rec ommends cables and connectors compatible with Belden 9272 twin axial standards These have losses of no more than 2dB 100m 1MHz Screened cable should be used wherever possible even for short runs lt 10m e g between instruments within the same cubicle Cable with 0 5 to 1 twists per cm can be used with an attenuation of no more than 10dB 100m 1MHz nominal See Table 2 1 in 2 6 for a list of the recommended cables and accessories Earthing The ALIN cable sheath should ideally be earth
23. 3 2V a positive peak amplitude of 5 88V and a negative peak amplitude of 7 32V This gives an asymmetry value of about 11 which exceeds the recommended maximum value and is therefore at risk of causing communications failures LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 21 Ch4 8 1 LIN ALIN fault finding 8 CHECKING THE HIGHER LIN ALIN LAYERS You use diagnostic blocks cached in your test node or locally to check the health of the LLC Network and Application layers For details on what the parameters of these blocks mean please refer to the DIAG function blocks chapter in the LIN Blocks Reference Manual The following sections outline the approach to be used and the diagnostic blocks involved 8 1 Checking the LLC layer The LLC Logical Link Control layer is used by a LIN node to provide a dedicated com munications channel through which it can always be contacted by other nodes and also to allocate dedicated comms channels that will be used for caching database blocks and per forming file transfers The LLC layer is the third layer to be considered when fault finding You use the LLC di agnostic primarily to establish that sufficient channels exist for the required communica tions This is done by checking that some spare channels exist which implies that the node has sufficient capacity Note that the number of channels SAPs in use should be static in a healthy running system This is because al
24. 30 sec from Power On Adopt Mode Held in LRA Block at dBase Startup Figure 3 3 Operation of LIN redundancy algorithm station power up When there are no LRA blocks having TRUE Active fields it is possible to control the op eration of an individual station or stations This can be done by including an LRA block with its Active field FALSE in the station s database After setting HoldMode TRUE writing to the station s Mode field selects which LIN channel it must listen to These actions are schematised in Figure 3 2 and explained in more detail in 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO05 Issue 2 3 5 Ch3 4 1 LIN Redundancy 4 BROADCASTING ON THE LIN Broadcasting refers to the messages controlled by the LIN redundancy algorithm built into each station which determine the operating mode to be adopted by all nodes on the LIN These LRA broadcasts are distinct from the actual data transmitted over the LIN parameter values etc Only a station running a database containing an LRA block with its Active field set TRUE an active station is potentially able to broadcast its operating mode AUTO FORCE A FORCE_B or FREEZE and HoldMode state to all the other stations on the LIN It will be prevented from broadcasting however if another active station gets in first As there can be no confirmation of a broadcast the message is repeated periodicall
25. 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2 2 2 2 NOTE _ If you are wiring your own connectors be sure to fit the correct RJ45 plug for the type of cable in use Stranded cables require a different plug type from solid core cables although the plugs look the same superficially See Table 2 1 2 6 for EPA part numbers E Earthing No special earthing arrangements need be made for the ALIN cabling itself as earthing is carried out via the ALIN connector sockets on the nodes If runs are required between buildings fibre optic hubs should be used to isolate the signals and the earths See 2 2 5 E Bends Ensure a minimum bend radius for Category 5 cable of not less than 6cm E Markers amp ties Do not overtighten identification markers cable ties or cable supports on Category 5 cable Crushing the outer jacket can change the characteristic impedance and cause interfering reflections E Unshielded cable Ensure that the amount of cable left unshielded i e in con nections to screw terminals is minimised and is always less than 3cm per connection LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 5 Ch2 2 2 3 ALIN Installation
26. 8Q cable and terminators as described in 2 1 2 5 2 Connecting T102 302s to existing T640 T221 780 ALIN installations Please refer to Eurotherm Process Automation for advice on any particular installation 2 5 3 Connecting T103 303s to existing T640 T221 780 ALIN installations For this we recommend that you rewire the system as far as possible with 100Q Category 5 cable and terminators in daisychain configuration see Table 2 1 in 2 6 for a list of components Existing 78Q cabling may be retained provided that its length is small com pared to the total length of the new 100Q cable and in any case is not longer than a few metres A 100Q terminator must be fitted at each end of the chain 2 12 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2 2 5 5 2 5 4 Connecting T640s to existing T102 302 1200 ALIN hub installations Connect the T640s to spare channels on the S9571 ALIN hub shown in Figure 2 6 in 2 3 3 up to a maximum of 12 Use 120Q BNO to ferrules cabling Order No S9508 4 1BNC respecting the maximum drop length of 3 metres 2 5 5 Connecting T103 303s to existing T102 302 1200 ALIN hub installations Connect the T103 303s to spare channels on the 9571 ALIN hub shown in Figure 2 6 in 2 3 3 up to a maximum of 12 Use 100Q Category 5 cable fitted with a twin ax BNO connector at the hub end and an RJ45 plug at the T103 303 end special order item con tact factory Respect the
27. Index LIN ALIN INSTALLATION amp USER GUIDE Symbols 1 and 0 signals esu 4 20 hubs Gb 4 18 1000 installation ieu duu a uen cud fonds 2 1 sm 2 8 trouble shooting checklist 2 16 ALIN system connecting up 2 3 introducing EF A pees 2 1 ALIN systems layout schematic example 2 2 RJ45 connector wiring 24 MAC layer sees DD 4 10 CODING Y 2 4 MAC UC diagnostics block 45 Y O 2 1 measurements on signals 4 18 system specification nd 23 measuring signals at hubs 4 18 i900 measuring signals at ALIN hub installation 2 11 terminated cables 4 19 ALIN system connecting up 2 9 network example 1000 star 2 6 cabling 2 10 network example using Meh est tere YU NOG dalychdit yR 27 system specification o 29 signal five nodes example 4 19 2002 cable 1 5 signal asymmetry in waveforms 4 21 780 OD signal individual 1 dipulse 4 20 ALIN layout schematic example 2 2 signal measurements ALIN system connecting up 2 2 diagnostic indications 4 19 SYSE Mani HN RY HNN 2 1 signal showing 1 amp 0 assas 420 system specification oo 22 signal showing asymmetry 421 GUAR ae 13 systems interconnecting different 2 12 9118 cable 13 systems mixed n
28. LIN Installation 2 3 2 1200 cabling Consult Table 2 1 in 2 6 for a list of cables and cabling components Note that in the 1209 BNO twin ax system the sockets on the nodes and hub carry ALIN phase A and the pins carry ALIN phase B Earthing No special earthing arrangements need be made for the ALIN cabling itself as earthing is carried out via the ALIN connector sockets on the nodes 2 3 3 Example of aT102 302 ALIN network Figure 2 6 schematises an ALIN network interconnecting T102 302s Unit Controller Su pervisor and a T221 LIN ALIN Bridge via an S9571 ALIN hub Note that the maxi mum drop length per node is 3 metres No terminators are reguired T221 LIN ALIN Bridge eJ c T302 Unit Supervisor Jl Z ara eae o Dl e a co B elle B S9508 4 2BNC LIN A LIN B CPUs S9508 4 2BNC ALIN HUB S9571 up to 3m T102 Unit Controller bal ical m isi I O MODULES Figure 2 6 ALIN hub network example 1200 system 2 10 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN I
29. Q system specification oo cece eeeeeee 2 2 2 1 2 Example T640 T221 ALIN network 2 3 22 Connecting up the 1009 ALIN system 9 2 3 22 1 100Q system specification no active hubs 2 3 22 VOOQ CAD ee GYW RG Gy Fy 2 4 2 2 3 Examples of T103 303 ALIN networks 2 6 2 2 4 RJ45 S9572 100Q ALIN hub installation details 2 8 2 2 5 Active Hub installation MODHUB or AI Series hub 2 9 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO005 Issue 2 Contents 1 Contents Chapter 3 2 3 Connecting up the 120Q ALIN system ou ee 2 9 2 3 1 1200 system specification cece eee 2 9 23 2 1202 Cabling saci ssccc tess WY GYG DY 2 10 2 3 3 Example of a T102 302 ALIN network 2 10 2 3 4 BNO twin ax S9571 120Q ALIN hub installation details oe eee cseeeeeeeeees 2 11 2 4 Cable routing amp earthing occ eeeeseeeeeeeeeeens 2 12 2 5 Interconnecting different ALIN systems 2 12 2 5 1 Connecting T640s to existing T640 T221 78Q ALIN installations e e eeeneensneneenen 2 12 2 5 2 Connecting T102 302s to existing T640 T221 78Q ALIN installations eee 2 12 2 5 3 Connecting T103 303s to existing T640 T221 789 ALIN installations 0 eee 2 12 2 5 4 Connecting T640s to existing T102 302 1209 ALIN hub installations 2 13 2 5 5 Connecting T103 303s to existing T1
30. UDSu du GG YNO o 1 2 Trouble shooting checklist 1 8 Fees on HN DES Trunkings ued sence tone 1 2 2 12 separation of mulfipl amp 1 2 TS32 DIN rails datne B ania 1 3 SUM_DIAG wo e ccc ceeecceeeceeeecenees 4 5 Twist on connectors s 1 5 block ite GN DAN 4 2 4 24 Summary diagnostics block 4 5 Switching algorithm uu ud ER 3 3 LIN channels 0 ceeceeeeeeteeeeees 3 1 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2 Index 5 W X Index W Wire clamp NR innii 1 2 stripping tool 0 eeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeees 1 5 Wiring in confined spaces 1 5 x XUN procol suinka ed 4 8 Xmt blok renr n eaa aa 1 9 Am Urun se E A 1 9 Index 6 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2
31. ames including every PCLIN card LIN node numbers and database names can be specified in several ways for different node types E DIP switches are often used to set instrument node numbers and the header root block name in the corresponding database specifies the database name Il In T1000s the node number is specified in SETUP via the UTIL softkey HM In T2001 systems look at parameters in the Loadable Modules E For PCLIN cards check nn in the PCMON_nn header block of VIEW and also the NODE parameter in the LT INI file H For T3000 access the LIN I O Driver Configuration Window select a card and press Card Info to see its database name and node number LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 4 7 Ch4 3 4 LIN ALIN fault finding 3 3 T221 bridges Note that the T221 bridge participates in two token rings one on the LIN and one on the ALIN Check that the addressing rules have been observed and are appropriate to the pro tocol in use by your instruments In particular for communications between LIN instru ments using the older LIN protocol LIN and ALIN instruments the ALIN node ad dresses must share the same leading hex digit as the bridge address E g to communicate with ALIN instrument addresses 40 to 4F the bridge address must also be in the range 40 to 4F Also no LIN nodes should share the same leading hex digit as the bridge uses Dif ferent rules apply to LIN instruments usin
32. ard and inspected at your test node In this case the PCLIN node number is defined in the T2001 ENVIRONMENT Refer to the 72001 Product Manual Part No HA 081 373 U999 for further information NOTE 2 73000 Via your T3000 Workstation displays you can view some of the diagnostic blocks automatically generated in PCLIN PCALIN cards installed in the SCADA node PC Your 73000 Reference Manual amp User Guide within the Tactician T3000 Product Manual Volume 1 Part No HA 083 566 U999 gives full details of how to set this up If you cannot cache the blocks from a node for any reason e g owing to a resource prob lem relating to cached blocks remember that most instruments support an engineering inspect mode either via a front panel display or a serial data configuration port where the diagnostics can be viewed LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 4 5 Ch4 3 LIN ALIN fault finding 3 INITIAL CHECKS ON THE PHYSICAL amp MAC LAYERS Figure 4 2 is a flowchart guiding you through the initial checks on the lower layers of the network to see if there are any cable or hardware faults likely The following sections are to be read in conjunction with the flowchart Run LINtools VIEW in the test node and look for all expected nodes on the LIN Use the Poll LIN feature see 3 1 Node s YES Check that all nodes including the test node
33. are and software Even if one of the instruments is not connected on both channels or does not have the necessary hardware or software then the network is not a redundant network LIN channels are described in 2 The aim of this chapter is to explain the concept of LIN redundancy and how the LIN re dundancy algorithm operates Much of the discussion in this chapter involves the param eters of the LRA LIN redundancy algorithm block and you should refer to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual Part No HA 082 375 U003 for specific details of this block The LRA block when run in a control database allows you to control the mode of opera tion of the LIN and also determine its status However the redundancy algorithm runs whether or not an LRA block is present and so the block need not be included in a control strategy for automatic mode the default LIN operation and if monitoring is not required 2 LIN HARDWARE Each station on a redundant LIN has two communications channels LIN A and LIN B The hardware is designed so that a station always transmits on both LIN channels but lis tens to only one The main purpose of the LIN redundancy algorithm monitored and controlled via the LRA block is to decide which of the two channels to listen to 2 1 LIN channel switching Switching LIN channels means changing which channel LIN A or LIN B a station is lis tening to receiving on with the least disturbance to communicatio
34. are useful in different layers For example the righthand column of parameters in the LIN_DIAG block is useful for diagnosing LLC layer problems and the block s lefthand parameters help with the MAC layer as sug gested in the figure Inspecting these diagnostic blocks is best done by adding an independent dedicated test node to the network e g a PC running T500 LINtools VIEW You can then inspect all the remote nodes on the network via diagnostic blocks cached in the test node Note that you can also inspect the test node s own set of local diagnostic blocks As a diagnostic tool you can also via LINtools VIEW facility poll the entire network from the test node to see if any remote nodes are not being recognised and are therefore suspect 4 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 1 4 If these diagnostics indicate a cable fault physical checks are then made on the cabling and connector systems Fault finding flow charts and associated tables are given in this chapter to help you work through the tests on the lower layers When you are satisfied that you have traced and fixed all significant lower layer faults you can go on to inspect the running of each of the upper layers of the LIN via their asso ciated diagnostic blocks How to do this is outlined in 8 1 3 Problems with LIN systems Most problems found with a LIN configuration prove to be one or more of the
35. asuring signals at terminated ALIN cables non hub For ALIN cabling that is not via a hub but simply terminated at each end of the cable the signal level is normally higher at around 20V peak to peak Also the rising edge from the bottom half of the trace to OV should be faster and cleaner with less overshoot It is best to measure the differential signal at one end of the ALIN cable so that the signal from the furthest node has to travel the full cable length For RJ45 connector systems you can use a 3 way RJ45 adapter Part No LA 250481 connected to an ALIN socket on the node e g via cable Order No S9508 5 2RJ45 Plug the terminator or the cable to the next node into the second adapter socket and the scope probes into the third socket via a suitably wired RJ45 plug see the NOTE in 7 1 7 3 Diagnostic indications of ALIN signal measurements MM A possible explanation for the signal level being significantly less than these values apart from a serious hardware fault is that you are using terminators on your ca bling as well as a hub These must not be used with a hub based system MM The normal display expected is a series of relatively short up to 50us typically dis crete blocks of activity separated by quiet OV periods of similar duration Figure 4 7 shows a typical display for an example 5 node system The variation in block signal level is mostly due to the different attenuations suffered by the signa
36. based 100Q ALIN hub Order No S9572 Use of a hub configuration is recommended where integrity of the ALIN network is considered to be at risk Direct mounting The hub may be bolted directly minus the mounting bracket to a chassis or panel via the pair of 5mm mounting holes in the back of the case These are ac cessed by unscrewing the six cover fixing screws and removing the cover plus integral RJ45 sockets Mounting via the removable bracket Alternatively you can attach the hub via the same 5mm holes to the pair of studs on the mounting bracket and then bolt the bracket plus hub to a panel via the pair of 4 8mm mounting holes DIN rail mounting Another method is to bolt a pair of DIN rail clips Part No FI 083 283 either directly to the hub using the 5mm holes or to the hub plus bracket using the 4 8mm holes then clip the assembly onto a DIN rail 2 8 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2 2 3 1 2 2 5 Active Hub installation MODHUB or Al Series hub The following specifications apply to any ALIN segment connected to an active hub Network terminations Maximum node count Maximum segment length Minimum node separation Hub interconnection MODHUB terminates a segment Terminate opposite end of segment with 1009 AI Series hub can be fitted anywhere in a segment Termi nate both ends of segment with 1009 8 nodes per segment For segments outsid
37. ctors S9505 1 005 to 007 you can specify a sleeve colour the default is black Component EPA Mfg s PN Notes LIN 750 GENERAL PURPOSE Preferred boot colours LIN A red LIN B blue 750 LIN cable black Belden 9114 LIN cable 10m 9505 1 010 LIN cable 150m reel 9505 1 011 LIN cable 300m reel 9505 1 012 BNC female female earthed support bracket 9505 1 002 BNC 750 connector female female earthed single 9505 1 013 DIN rail mounting BNC 750 connector female female Isolated single 9505 1 014 DIN rail mounting LIN cable assembly S9505 1 ASS xxx Specify length and colour code 750 BNC male clamp solder plug 9505 1 015 Preferred connector for Belden 9114 750 BNC male twiston plug 9505 1 005 For Belden 9114 Connector sleeve DQ080934 xxx Various colours for twiston Cable stripping tool S9517 1 JA081967 For twiston type connectors Cable stripping tool replacement blades JA082975 LIN 75Q FLEXIBLE Preferred boot colours LIN A red LIN B blue 750 LIN flexible cable white BICC LDW Cables 2002 To BT Specification CW1229 750 LIN flexible cable cut length S9505 4 001 xx Specify length 75Q BNC male crimp plug 9505 4 002 Strain relief boots 9505 4 003 Various colours Crimp tool for 2002 9505 4 004 Cable stripping tool for 2002 9505 4 005 Table 1 2 continued 1 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Ins
38. dance on tracing higher level software problems Some instructions for using TDR are also given in 6 4 of Chapter 4 3 2 following presents a troubleshooting and fault avoidance checklist that should be observed when installing checking ALINs 3 2 a ALIN installation troubleshooting checklist The ALIN cabling must be carefully and correctly made with approved components and with an appropriate terminator fitted to each end of the cable in non hub configu rations If terminators are omitted the instruments may communicate only intermit tently Note that hub configurations must not have terminators fitted Each instrument must have a unique node address on the ALIN and no address must be set to 00 or FF hex After an instrument s node address has been changed the instrument must be powered off and on and if possible all instruments on the ALIN segment which know about it should also be reset When a database name is changed after being run in an instrument or a new database with a different name is run reset all other instruments on the ALIN segment that knew about the previous database This allows them to forget the old database name and associate the new name with that node The root block name e g T600 block in a database defines the database name and must be unique across a network Any reference to this database from a remote instru ment must match the database name and node address
39. e cable carry out the following instructions 1 Strip the end of the cable to the dimensions shown in Figure 1 3a using the cable stripping tool Follow the instructions supplied by the manufacturer for the use of this tool In particular ensure that the maximum cutting depths have been set so as not to damage the conductors If necessary trim the stripped inner conductor to the cor rect length by hand 2 Check that the outer conductor braid has been evenly cut by the tool and is not twisted Trim it and even it up as reguired 3 Pass the strain relief boot and then the ferrule onto the cable 4 Fit the centre contact over the stripped inner conductor and crimp it on using the BNC crimp tool Figure 1 3b 5 Loosen the outer conductor braid then push the plug body fully home onto the cable under the loosened braid oO Slide the ferrule over the braid and secure it to the plug body using the crimp tool 7 Finally push the strain relief boot over the completed plug assembly Figure 1 3c 1 6 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Installation Chl 5 woe Ferrule Centre contact Strain relief boot Plug body 11 0 S75 ii _ 1 eam Crimping area Crimping area Figure 1 3 Assembly of type 2002 cable 5 TESTING THE LIN
40. e LIN_DIAG block In LIN systems you use the LIN_DIAG blocks cached from each node to further investi gate possible cable hardware problems For ALIN networks use the similar ALINDIAG block instead see 3 6 Note that this test involves the block s lefthand column of parameters only The righthand column parameters are used to diagnose LLC layer faults 8 1 NOTE Itis not possible to check this block for a software alarm because it does not have one Conseguently make sure that you have entered the correct block name database name and node address when looking at a cached LIN _DIAG block If you cannot see any of the parameter fields changing double check the entered names and numbers Table 4 5 lists the LIN_DIAG block parameters that you should inspect together with their expected values and comments Refer to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual if you need further information NOTE You must distinguish between counts in the diagnostics that have been incrementing in the past and counts that are happening as your perceived problem is occurring This is particularly important with intermittent problems where you know errors have happened in the past or when you know you have caused errors by disconnecting cables or nodes from the LIN during your tests If a counter that should not be incrementing in normal operation currently has a non zero value this does not necessarily mean that a current problem exists LIN ALIN Instal
41. e a cabinet in clude hub in the node count Within a cabinet exclude hub from node count 122 metres twisted pair bus 100 metres twisted pair star 915 1825 or 2740 metres fibre optic cable depending on fibre grade used 2 metres Short segments with less than four nodes inside a cabinet need not maintain 2m separation Active hubs must not be connected to passive hubs If two MODHUBs are connected together in a segment there must be no other nodes in that segment If more nodes are reguired AI Series hubs must be used but see following Note NOTE For reliable operation of ARCNET nodes in a twisted pair bus segment MODHUBs should terminate only one end the segment Distributed star topolo gies with a MODHUB directly connected to another MODHUB are unreliable AI Series hubs can provide reliable comms when used at both ends of a twisted pair bus with terminators fitted 2 3 Connecting up the 1200 ALIN system 2 3 1 1200 system specification Cable type Connectors Line impedance Network topology Network terminations Maximum load Maximum length Grounding shielded twisted pair BNO twin ax 120Q nominal ALIN hub star None terminations performed by the hub 11 BNO nodes plus 1 test node see 2 5 4 amp 2 5 5 3 metres per node earth stud or via sockets ferrules single point ground LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 9 Ch2 2 3 3 A
42. ed at a single point only If separate network cable earth points are used the resistance between these points should not exceed 20 Refer to EMC Installation Guidelines for Eurotherm Process Automation Sys tems Products Part No HG 083 635 U001 for recommendations on cabling and earthing NOTE The ALIN ground terminal screw terminal 20 is not internally con nected Its purpose is only to provide continuity between lengths of cable screen as shown in Figure 2 1 and it must therefore be connected to earthed metalwork at one point 2 2 Connecting up the 1000 ALIN system 2 2 1 1000 system specification no active hubs Cable type Category 5 four twisted pairs foil shielded Connectors RJ45 T103 303 ferrules T640 T221 Line impedance 100Q nominal Network topology single non branching daisychain star S9572 ALIN hub Network terminations 100Q at each end of daisychain segment none for ALIN hub Maximum node count daisychain 16 nodes hub 12 nodes T103 303 with du plex redundant processors T920 921 count as two nodes Maximum segment length 100 metres 3 metre max drops with hub Minimum node separation 2 metres If impossible to keep to minimum up to 6 nodes may be grouped together LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 3 Ch2 2 2 2 ALIN Installation Node positioning With two or more nodes avoid positioning nodes at 23m and 57m from a terminator These pos
43. ee Table 4 8 Significant LIN DIAG ALINDIAG block parameters for LLC layer fault finding 8 2 Checking the Network layer This section not available 8 3 Checking the Application layer This layer of the LIN consists of the resources within the databases in the network nodes EDBs Featts Teatts function blocks connections etc You monitor the DB_DIAG EDB_DIAG and LIN_DEXT diagnostic blocks cached in your test node to check the health of the Application layer The SUM_DIAG block s EDB parameter also gives you fault status information on EDBs Refer to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual for detailed information about these resources and diagnostic blocks The following is a summary of what the blocks tell you m DB_DIAG block This block indicates the resources being used by a LIN or ALIN database in the left column and the corresponding maximum resource levels avail able to the database right column If any of the left column parameter values exceed their maximum values in the right column the database configuration blocks wires etc is too big and must be simplified If any are nearly or exactly equal to their maxi mum values this could indicate a problem that needs investigation Note that in a steady system no values should be changing in this block m EDB_DIAG block This block reports the status of the connections to and from any remote database on the LIN or ALIN It helps diagnose problems with blocks cached in
44. een real blocks must not be duplicated in their cached images Do not forget to delete duplicated connections if a database is copied and cached Although you can connect between either real blocks or their cached images faster comms are achieved by connecting between the real blocks It is also more efficient to connect from a cached block into a real block than the other way round Ensure that cached block types match the real block types exactly E g if the real block is a PID ensure that the cached block is also a PID Ensure that cached block names match the real block names exactly This type of mis match is the usual cause of software alarms Do not leave cached blocks existing without their matching real blocks e g after de leting a database This slows down communications as well as causing software alarms LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Installation Chl 6 1 Check for software alarms in all databases Track down the causes of any alarms and eliminate them 1 Check the DB_DIAG block for consistent values The number of Teatts To External ATTachments should match the number of Featts From External ATTachments be tween real and cached databases L Check the LIN_DIAG block to ensure that Tot_fail Xmt_blok and Xmt_Urun are not incrementing If they are a cabling fault is indicated 6 LIN SPECIFICATIONS Cable type coaxial Connectors BNC 75Q Line impedance 759 nomi
45. erference it should be enclosed in special conductive conduit and earthed to minimise the risk of network interruptions With a redundant pair of LIN cables each should ideally take a different physical path for security Sections of the two cables need not be the same length Refer to EMC Installation Guidelines for Eurotherm Process Automation Systems Products Part No HG 083 635 U001 for recommendations on cabling 2 3 Cable earthing For safety reasons the LIN cable sheath should be earthed at 100m intervals and wherever it passes through cubicle walls bulkheads etc This can be done using earthed female female bulkhead adaptors mounted on TS32 DIN rails When separate network cable earth points are used the resistance between these points should not exceed 2Q 3 LIN CABLES The LIN transfer medium is coaxial cable of 75Q characteristic impedance able to handle configurations of up to 32 nodes at a nominal maximum cable length of 1000 metres For full performance characteristics Eurotherm Process Automation recommends cables and connectors compatible with Belden 9114 or 9118 standards However in situations where a more flexible cable is required for wiring in confined spaces such as cubicles limited amounts of a lower specification cable type 2002 may be used Please refer to 4 Wiring in confined spaces 3 1 Maximum cable lengths The LIN is subject to a maximum permitted overall cable length depending on its attenu a
46. eseeseeeeeeee tetas 4 3 1 4 Symbols used in the diagnostic block tables 4 3 Setting up the test n0de oo udrea E aai 4 4 2 1 Configuring the test node s resident diagnostic blocks 4 4 2 2 Caching remote diagnostic blocks in the test node 4 5 Initial checks on the Physical amp MAC layers eee 4 6 3 11 Polling the LIN use Fw G ddd ddy ydd 4 7 3 1 1 Using Poll LIN in LINtools VIEW 4 7 3 1 2 Using Poll LIN in LINfiler ee 4 7 3 2 Node numbers amp database names eee eee eeeeeeee 4 7 2 3 PL221 biidBges sass success ces id Uu A RG Uoyd 4 8 3 4 Checking the Physical layer using the LRA block 4 8 3 5 Checking the LIN MAC layer using the LIN_DIAG block ossee 4 9 3 6 Checking the ALIN MAC layer using the ALINDIAG block eee 4 10 Tracing suspected cable hardware faults 00 0 0 cece 4 12 4 1 Identifying the LIN A connector eee eeeeeeeseeereeneeeees 4 12 Live cable checks using LIN_DIAG amp LRA blocks 4 14 Checking a suspect node iaia eee eseeseeeceecseesetseeeeeeaees 4 14 6 1 Disconnecting nodes from the LIN eee 4 16 62 BNE centre Pinsin eaa EAR A R a 4 16 6 3 DC resistance measurements ssesesesessssseisiseseseserese 4 16 6 4 Time domain reflectometry TDR seseececercerererr 4 17 6 4 1 Testing RJ45 ALIN cable using the Fluke 652 LAN CableMeter 4 17 6 4 2 Important instructions
47. fault e ueeuuenueenueeneeen 4 10 Passive non broadcasters uuu 3 3 function blocks cccceeseeseeeeeeeees 2 15 BEVIN acde Derails cine oh see 4 12 LINfiler COP EAE A E Y AAE 4 4 using Poll UN sseseec eects 47 Physical amp MAC layers initial checks 4 6 LNtools VIEW AE Epke calie using UU MAT 47 checking using LRA block 48 Listening channel e ueeeeneeeeueeen 33 faolfindihgi senenn 4 6 LLC layer Poll UN ab LU 47 checking a ei mw dug 422 Polling problems A ON 42 the entire network n 4 2 Logical Link Control layer 4 22 HI attests ot geod A7 Long distance communications 2 1 POSTS ciate coh LDT A8 Low loss cables ccceceeeeeeeeeees 1 3 Power On Self Test POST 4 8 MG 45 48 Powerzup ue i Y Fd 3 3 block uueueeesuiiiineeneeu eneinio 3 1 4 8 fe eilfed a aA ents 37 block physical layer parameters AB Protocols csessessssesssssesseessseessssessetsesee 2 1 broddcasisis Y Fd inte 3 6 LRA Tit AN co ecto ch mates fee Maat 4 5 Q M QUIN n Y aint 4 12 MAGC layen ueu gaii 42 49 R Markers amp ties ccccccccesseeeeseseeeeneees 2 5 Retries 2 15 MDA US ian EG GN aE Zl Reconfiguration burst 4 19 Mode of operation of the LIN 3 1 Redund 3 1 MODHUB od GU Nu A AU A i Redundant Multiple broadcasters 3 6
48. ff This is because an internal circuit DC resistance of lt 2Q is permanently across a bridge s LIN connector and would effectively short circuit the readings All other instruments have built in relays that automatically isolate their LIN connectors at power down and so need not be disconnected In the absence of cable connector faults the resistance reading should approximately equal the value of the LIN terminator 759 at the far end plus the resistance of the intervening cabling Allow a total of 230Q per km for Belden 9114 cable the sum of the core and shield resistances in series You can neglect the contact resistances of the BNC connec tors which should be only 8mQ per node position for correctly mated and properly as sembled connectors Higher values indicate connector problems 4 16 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 6 4 1 NOTE This steady state DC test may not show up problems that the 1MHz LIN carrier will find and so success is not conclusive 6 4 Time domain reflectometry TDR Use of a time domain reflectometer e g the Fluke amp 652 LAN CableMeter Fluke Cor poration can be a valuable addition to the resistance tests described in 6 3 to check out the LIN or ALIN cabling In TDR signals are injected into the cable under test which travel at Known speeds and are reflected back to the meter by discontinuities Time meas urements made by the me
49. following Cable and connector problems LIN node number clashes LIN node name clashes Incorrect EDB name and node number in cached blocks Incorrect block name in cached blocks Exhausting database resources EDBs Featts and Teatts To track down the faults in your system perform the checks described in this chapter thor oughly and in the order given Do not skip checks Do not assume anything Record your readings and the time they were made for each network node You can use records for a given node to compare its readings from one day to the next This process can highlight values that are changing and help to trace intermittent problems 1 4 Symbols used in the diagnostic block tables In this chapter tables are used where possible to summarise the values you will see in the diagnostic block fields and what they mean Table 4 1 contains an example table entry Parameter Normal value Comment ErrCount n n indicates cable fault Table 4 1 Example of a diagnostic block table entry E The Parameter column shows the field name in the block you will be checking Note that any parameters not shown in the table have been omitted deliberately be cause they have little relevance to the test being performed You can look these up in the LIN Blocks Reference Manual if you want to know more about them E The Normal value column indicates what the field should show in the normal op eration of a healthy system Table 4 2 explains
50. fore be carefully monitored when they are suspected It is often sufficient to physically wiggle all connectors and cables on a system while observing this counter to find bad connec tions 3 6 Checking the ALIN MAC layer using the ALINDIAG block This test applies only to ALIN systems and involves only the block s lefthand column of parameters The righthand column parameters are used to diagnose ALIN LLC layer faults 8 1 Table 4 6 lists the ALINDIAG block parameters that you should inspect Refer to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual if you need further information 4 10 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 83 6 Parameter Normal value Comment MACstate IDLE 98 of time fleetingly changing to other states In T221 Bridges this may be less say 90 ThisNodel l NN NN node h w or s w faults NextNodel 00 This field does not update and always 00 PrevNode NN NN duplicate node numbers on the network cable connector or ALIN node h w faults FF this is the only node DiagStat 07 If this value is not 07 look for the DiagStat MyRecon flag showing fleetingly TRUE you probably have a cable fault connector problem or ALIN address error The MyRecon flag is quite a good indicator of transient prob lems but it must be watched while the problem occurs ChipRst n TxAbort n TxFAbort 2l n n cable connector ALIN node no or
51. g Invensys EUROTHERM Title Part Number Issue Date intially Supplied With About LIN ALIN Installation and User Guide HA 082 429 U005 2 09 1998 N A 2005 All rights are strictly reserved No part of this document may be reproduced modified or transmitted in any form by any means nor may it be stored in a retrieval system other than for the purpose to act as an aid in operating the equipment to which the document relates without the prior written permission of the manufacturer The manufacturer pursues a policy of continuous development and product improvement The specifications in this document may therefore be changed without notice The information in this document is given in good faith but is intended for guidance only The manufacturer will accept no responsibility for any losses arising from errors in this document LIN ALIN INSTALLATION AND USER GUIDE HA082429U005 Issue 2 Sep 98 LIN ALIN INSTALLATION AND USER GUIDE LIST OF CHAPTERS SECTION TITLE ISSUE Contents eo inen setae UG RD NG eee eee 2 Chapter I LIN Installation 2 csccsccicctesccescescesstessevansetescedsocetcniensonedesensetentataasedaesers 2 Chapter 2 ALIN Installation ririo erresires ireren En Ent a rE IPERE EERS 2 Chapter 3 LIN Redundancy escenes ar eee araire 2 Chapter 4 LIN ALIN Fault finding seeeseesseeeeeesssessesssesessssestresssesreerseseseseeseneseseses 2 PAER eeni E EE OERE FARCH FFYNON E E a e a 2 EFFECTIVITY Th
52. g the newer extended LIN protocol XLIN NOTE XLIN protocol is now standard for all instruments communicating via LIN ALIN For the T100 T1000 T231 amp T241 XLIN was adopted at v5 1 There are also limits on the number of bridges that messages are allowed to pass through between communicating instruments hops Refer to the 7221 LIN ALIN Bridge User Guide Part No HA 082 716 U005 for full details on network operation 3 4 Checking the Physical layer using the LRA block This block reports the results of the LIN related parts of the Power On Self Test POST and the status of the LIN Redundancy Algorithm LRA and its decision about which ca ble to use NOTE Remember to check for software alarms before drawing conclusions from the data shown by diagnostic blocks Also keep the LIN network undis turbed while inspecting fields Table 4 4 lists the LRA block parameters that you should inspect together with their ex pected values and comments Refer to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual if you need fur ther information on the LRA block Parameter Normal value Comment FailTstA FALSE TRUE then run POST see product manuals FailTstB FALSEN TRUE then run POST see product manuals TRUE In single cable systems Only LIN A fitted FaultOnAB FALSE TRUE fault with cabling connectors or node no FaultOnBB FALSEIAI TRUE fault with cabling connectors or node no TRUE In single cable systems Only LIN A fitted Usi
53. h w faults MyRecon I n Recon n Table 4 6 Significant ALINDIAG block parameters for physical layer fault finding see Fig 4 2 NOTE to Table 4 6 1 It is possible to verify that the token ring is correctly formed by examining the ThisNode and PrevNode values in all ALINDIAG blocks on the ALIN segment and drawing the ring layout Note that the ALIN forms the logical token ring in ascending node number order e g A3 gt A4 gt A5 gt A3 etc Thus if you believe a node may be entering and leaving the token ring you must look at the error counters in what should be the PrevNode to confirm this 2 Zeroing these five counters by setting the write only ClearCnt parameter TRUE makes any future changes to the counts more noticeable Note that these counters are absent or non functioning in early ALIN instruments You can verify their working by trying a reset using ClearCnt if nothing happens you should ignore them LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 11 Ch4 4 1 LIN ALIN fault finding 4 TRACING SUSPECTED CABLE HARDWARE FAULTS Experience has shown that most cable faults are due to one or more of the following Missing terminator s Wrong terminator impedance Wrong cable type Wrong T or F piece impedance Failure to use approved tool s to make connections and assemblies Use of cable stubs which should be avoided if at all possible Cable deformation caused by bends tig
54. hooting checklist The LIN redundancy algorithm works by detecting differences between the signals on the two LIN cables Thus if redundant cables are being used it is essential that both are connected to all instruments The LIN cabling must be carefully and correctly made with approved components and with a 75Q terminator fitted to each end of the cable If terminators are not fitted the instruments may communicate only intermittently Each instrument must have a unique node address on the LIN and no address must be set to 00 or FF hex If an instrument is connected to the LIN with a non unique ad dress one or other of the instruments concerned will show a permanently illuminated Comms Fail light After an instrument s node address has been changed the instrument must be powered off and on and if possible all instruments on the LIN segment which know about it should also be reset When a database name is changed after being run in an instrument or a new database with a different name is run reset all other instruments on the LIN segment that knew about the previous database This allows them to forget the old database name and associate the new name with that node The root block name e g T100 or T640 block in a database defines the database name and must be unique across a network Any reference to this database from a re mote instrument must match the database name and node address exactly Connections betw
55. hter than the minimum safe bend radius Figure 4 3 is a flowchart guiding you through the initial non disruptive checks on the net work cabling which may help to pinpoint or eliminate some faults found in the previous tests Do not skip these basic checks If necessary you may have to proceed to further more intrusive tests 5 6 and 7 to find the faults The following sections are to be read in conjunction with the flowchart 4 1 Identifying the LIN A connector Table 4 7 will help you to identify the LIN A connectors on equipment when checking for LIN phase continuity For further information consult the specific equipment s Product Manual Product LIN A connector position T100 BNC connector nearest the backplane T221 BNC connector is labelled T231 BNC connector nearest the backplane T241 BNC connector nearest the backplane T1000 BNC connector is labelled PCLIN BNC connector at top of card adjacent to serial port QLIN BNC connector at top of each subsystem Table 4 7 Location of LIN A connector 4 12 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 4 1 YES YES YES YES YES Al All nodes present No cable amp or hardware problems likely Check LLC layer See 8 1 From Figure 4 2 Re poll LIN 3 1 All nodes present Re poll LIN All nodes present Re poll LIN Al
56. ing nodes from the LIN which could disrupt the plant But if there are bad connections in your LIN you will have at some stage to disrupt it Provided you have properly carried out all the checks given in the previous sections you will already have isolated the bad connections and so will not need to disconnect healthy nodes and cause unnecessary dis ruption In dual redundant LIN installations you can often disconnect one LIN at a time to do these tests but you must be sure that the other LIN is working and be prepared for alarms and comms loss if the single LIN has intermittent problems The use of the LRA block should allow you to establish which LIN is being used and then the other may be disconnected for inspection first NOTE Remember to check the LRA block in all nodes 6 2 BNC centre pins Some BNC connectors have a long taper and others have a much shorter taper at the end of a straight pin see Figure 4 6 In general the short taper type has a better chance of fully engaging in the T piece and is less likely to give a poor fit The long taper type can give problems especially if it was not fitted far enough forward initially B P Long taper Short taper Figure 4 6 BNC centre pin types 6 3 DC resistance measurements For these DC resistance measurements you must switch off all connected nodes and also physically disconnect any T221 bridges from the portion of cable under test not just switch them o
57. is manual refers to the LIN and ALIN Local Instrument Networks NOTES 1 Sections maybe up dated independently and so may be at different issues 2 The Title page and the manual as a whole always take the issue number of the most recently up issued section All registered and unregistered trademarks are properties of their respective holders Page i Contents LIN ALIN INSTALLATION amp USER GUIDE LIN ALIN local instrument network Installation amp User guide Chapter 1 LIN INSTALLATION page P TheElNne GG AE I GO 1 1 2 EIN ayoit i E E EAS 1 2 Drill Sub y A NN A 1 2 2 2 Cable routne Au A WY GYNAL ae 1 2 2 3 Gable earthing anw im en dd yd 1 3 9 LIN Cables uw RG A GYD GG GY YO 1 3 3 1 Maximum cable lengths 00 cece cece eseeeeeeeeeneceeeeee 1 3 3 2 Cable connectors amp terminations eee eee eee 1 4 4 Wiring in confined spaces oo eee eee eceeeeeeecsetseeseseesetaetees 1 5 Al By pe 2002 Cables aui ese Y FODD 1 5 4 2 Assembling type 2002 LIN cables eee eee eee 1 6 o Testne the LIN aiii WYL dL FWD FAD ra idd DI 1 7 5 1 LIN installation trouble shooting checklist 1 8 67 LIN specifications mr WY WY GWY GWGAN 1 9 Chapter 2 ALIN INSTALLATION 1 2 Introducing the ALIN oo eeescesseeseceeeeseeeceeesseeaeeeeseeeneeaees 2 1 ALIN cabling systems 00 ce eeeeeeceesecseeeeeeseeeceeesaeeseceeesaeeneenees 2 1 2 1 Connecting up the 78Q ALIN system 0 0 eee 2 2 2 1 1 78
58. itions can cause sig nal reflections that interfere with the true signals Stub connections Not to be used Signal strength With large node counts 12 16 all signals must exceed 5V peak to peak Signal asymmetry With large node counts 12 16 signal asymmetry must not exceed 10 at a terminator for reliable operation See Ch4 7 4 Grounding RJ45 via sockets ferrules single point ground 2 2 2 1000 cabling The following points must be observed E Components Consult Table 2 1 in 2 6 for a list of cables and cabling compo nents E RJ45 plug Figure 2 2 shows the wiring of the RJ45 plug Note that in the stand ard RJ45 to RJ45 cable Order No S9508 5 2RJ45 all eight ways are wired to make a universal cable capable of connecting serial as well as ALIN systems The ALIN system uses only pin 4 blue wire ALIN phase A and pin 5 white blue wire ALIN phase B and the cable screen The remaining wires do not connect to the ALIN system Socke 8 1 Lock tac RJ45 i Plug shroud bonded to cable scree Cable screen chassis 1 422 RX 485 Data aa a Universal cable 2 422 RX 485 Data orange 4 pair screened twiste eee N f i 4 ALIN phase A blue3 pair 1002 Category 5 5 ALIN phase B wihara OW Order No 6 0V green S9508 5 2RJ45 7 TX 422 white brown L 8 TX 4224 brown L Figure 2 2 RJ45 connector wiring for 1000 ALIN systems 2
59. l nodes are caching all the blocks they require no file transfers are occurring and hence all required channels are allocated You monitor the righthand column of parameters in the LIN_DIAG block for the LIN and in the ALINDIAG block for the ALIN in these checks Ignore the lefthand columns when investigating the LLC layer Although they are presented in different templates the LLC layers and those above are identical in the LIN and the ALIN Consequently the LLC tests are the same for both networks Table 4 8 summarises the parameters to be monitored in both LIN_DIAG and ALINDIAG blocks NOTE Remember that you can also look at the SUM_DIAG block for summary diagnostic information on this and all the other layers In particular the LLC pa rameter gives information on LIN and ALIN buffer exhaustion i e SAPsfree Tx_Free or Rx_Free becoming zero 4 22 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 8 3 Parameter Normal value Comment LLCstate UP SAPsfree n O may mean too many EDBs or filing channels which can stop cached blocks updating or cause filing failure n can mean filing in operation or network changing detectable in the MAC test 3 5 amp 3 6 SAPsbusy n 2 means no allocated SAPs in use n should equal 2 no of EDBs in use found from DB_DIAG block s Edb field n means filing or changing network Tx_free n gt SAPsfree Rx_ free gt SAPsfr
60. l nodes present Re poll LIN Obtain drawings Obtain an accurate amp detailed drawing of all LIN nodes on system showing all connectors node numbers amp database names Check LIN phase continuity Refer to Table 4 7 if necessary to identify LIN connectors Single cable installations ensure that LIN A connects to LIN A throughout AL N ensure that phases A amp B are not crossed Dual cable installations ensure that LIN A connects to LIN A and LIN B to LIN B throughout If redundancy is used it must be used throughout a complete physical segment Any faults found amp corrected NO Check terminators LIN Verify 759 terminators at each end of cable No BNC connector should be plugged directly into any node without an F or T piece unless a cable stub is being used ALIN Verify 78Q 100Q 120Q terminators to match cable Not used with hub See Ch2 Table 2 1 Any faults found amp corrected O Check cable stubs LIN Avoid stubs if at all possible If used they must be lt 1m long and preferably separated by 10 times the stub length ALIN Do not use stubs NO Check cable spec Ensure that the specified cable type is used depending on location i e inside or outside cubicles and that the cable length is within spec Refer to Chs 1 amp 2 for recommendations Any faults found amp corrected
61. lation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 4 9 Ch4 83 6 LIN ALIN fault finding Parameter Normal value Comment MACstate IDLE 98 of time fleetingly changing to other states The bridge may show other than IDLE more than 90 ThisNodel NN NN node h w or s w faults NextNodel l NN NN duplicate node numbers on the network cable connector or LIN node h w faults FF this is the only node PrevNodel l NN See NextNode XmtFault O n Rep_pass l O n Who fol O n n cable connector LIN node no or h w faults Rep_who O n Sol_any O n Tot_fail O n Xmt_back n n is OK if not too rapid Xmt_blok 0 Low n is normally OK but n may be a LIN node h w fault in one of the LIN nodes not necessarily this one Xmt_Urun 0 n or n LIN node h w fault Table 4 5 Significant LIN_DIAG block parameters for physical layer fault finding see Fig 4 2 NOTES to Table 4 5 1 It is possible to verify that the token ring is correctly formed by examining the ThisNode NextNode and PrevNode values in all LIN_DIAG blocks on the LIN seg ment and drawing the ring layout Note that the LIN forms the logical token ring in descending node number order e g FI gt CD gt 13 gt 03 gt F1 etc Thus if you believe a node may be entering and leaving the token ring you must look at the error counters in what should be the PrevNode to confirm this 2 The Rep_pass counter is sensitive to cable faults and should there
62. lect connector type BNC characteristic impedance 930 and NVP approximately 65 The NVP may vary with manufacturer 4 With a known length gt 15 metres of unterminated Category 5 cable calibrate the 652 meter Re specify the NVP value if this is found to be incorrect 5 The 652 meter is now ready for use LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 17 Ch4 87 1 LIN ALIN fault finding 6 4 2 Important instructions applicable to TDR testing Please observe the following points HM Remove power from the cable system when TDR testing Disconnect T920 T921 CPUs from their T103 T303 backplanes during testing Avoid testing short lengths of cable lt 8 metres These can yield anomalous results Note that a T103 T303 node adds an equivalent of approximately 25cm to the length of the bus As the resolution of the 652 instrument is 1 metre including a T103 T303 node could add an apparent 1 metre to the displayed bus length ll Note that the Eurotherm cable currently in use should have a characteristic impedance of 1000 415 7 MEASUREMENTS ON ALIN SIGNALS Measuring the values of the ALIN signals in both hub and non hub systems can help lo cate cabling problems particularly crossed A B connections 7 1 Measuring signals at ALIN hubs The ALIN signal level at the exit of a hub is typically 13 5V peak to peak with four nodes attached to the hub Adding more nodes reduces the signal level but it should never
63. lified schematically in Figure 1 2 STATION STATION STATION A A A im im im Y Y Y lt 10m gt lt 10m gt Figure 1 2 Separation of multiple stubs example Where the stressing of connectors is a possibility in a stub cable we recommend forming stress relief loops shown in Figure 1 1 For these and any other bends in the cable the manufacturer s minimum bend radius must be observed usually around 8cm A T piece making a stub connection to the LIN is external to the conduit and should there fore be independently secured to a surface For this releasable wire clamps or wire cra dles and clips fixed to the surface or alternatively Phoenix BNC BNC TS32 DIN rail mounted connectors may be used 2 2 Cable routing For optimum performance the LIN cable should ideally lie in its own conduit or trunking Connections must be made outside the trunking and must be supported preferably on DIN rail The LIN should not for any significant distance run parallel with cables carrying high voltage switching transients or high frequency signals e g thyristor drive signals for heat ers motors etc If the LIN cable has to cross other cables the crossing should be made at right angles wherever possible Where the LIN cable passes close to possible sources of 1 2 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Installation Chl 83 1 int
64. ls from nodes at various distances from the measurement point Five nodes THU lt 50us gt Figure 4 7 ALIN signal example showing five nodes If you see relatively long flashes right across the scope screen signals of 3ms these could be reconfiguration bursts which mean the network is being reconfigured This may indicate that a node has been connected with the A and B phases crossed If you suspect this try disconnecting nodes until the flashing stops LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO05 Issue 2 4 19 Ch4 87 3 LIN ALIN fault finding T s O s av 1 us Figure 4 8 ALIN signal detail of single node showing 1 s and O s NOTE _ Data caching causes some flickering but the bursts of activity are much shorter than reconfiguration bursts E Figure 4 8 shows one of the blocks from a single node in more detail the structure of the 1 and 0 signals is visible Figure 4 9 shows an individual 1 ALIN signal Verify that the dipulses start with rising edges as shown in the figures The connec tions to the hub or ALIN cable should be made exactly as described here for this test i e you must be measuring the B minus A signal If your signals do not start with a rising edge it may indicate a crossed A B connection somewhere
65. m 2 10 connecfor 0 0 eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4 12 4 18 components ALIN eeeeee 2 14 BNO WIRIO aime etc aet 2 11 systems ALIN 4 1 1 2A Bri le EN E OtO I 4 8 Cached Broadcasting on the LIN e e 3 6 blocks mud FY eg ss 1 8 216 Bufferindu a WD Fed 2 1 IMOS yia engorrinar 1 8 2 16 Bulkhead adaptors ecceeseeeeteeeees 13 Caching remote diagnostic blocksnode 4 5 Characteristic impedance 1 3 c Colour coded BNC connector sleeves 1 4 Cable Comms Fail light 1 8 assembly of type 2002 17 toe 31 GHENUGTION FE lt 2 3 S i ee AN 2 15 attenuation v maximum length 1 3 Mn EM aac aaa COMPONENTS niise 1 5 a ISTANCE oy solemn ON Zal componen AUN e de 2 15 Con vit PE EC EY ENA 12 2 12 CONNECTIONS cceeeeeeeesesseeees 2 12 i acl Gn ar 1 2 2 12 connectors amp terminations 1 4 i IGOGO shade ren eetan nenii T E E 1 2 c ed Y re j earth points cccceeeeeereeee 1 3 2 3 Pca h fault example LIN euenennen 3 2 identifying the LIN A n als a ia 19 215 32 410 A OL Y Y See 1 3 _ lengthseu ud IN Bn 3 2 Fn aE An AE mien as Y ett at cet usr 13 TN eI veces 1 5 leo checio 4 14 DIN rail mounted 0cccccccceceees 1 2 HN 93 SIFESSING mue y Y 1 2 EE Bee tet eine tase 13 ypas as E A EEA EE T a SM dan A O TTo 1A iLe el FFF H 5 2 maximum length e n 1 3 1 5 D maximum length
66. nad 3 1 N pair oFLINS i me YD 1 2 Remote instrument 1 8 2 16 Network Resistance address WON HU a 3 6 measuremenfts ccccceeeeeeesseeees 4 16 layer checking 9e eenne 423 a 2 15 NN grrrreeenenerereeneeeeeeeenenaun 4 4 RED AA al 32 NO MASTER timeout uun 3 3 Nodes en ni eel 1 3 Index 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2 Index R T RJ45 Symbol i e Fy nyd A o 4 4 S9572 100Q ALIN hub installation 2 8 used in diagnostic tables 4 3 connector wiring for 100Q ALIN systems cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 24 T RIAD sockets sun Gee nA TY a NU Y Y 1 2 RJAS ALIN cable e 9e1 e1 en en uu ee aa 2 1 4 12 Root block ueuuenueeneeineeneeineene EM 2 1 412 name ae Ud Y 1 8 T102 302 ALIN example 2 10 Running states o 3 7 TlIO2 302s connecting 2 12 T103 303 ALIN examples 2 6 S T103 303s connecting 2 12 S9571 120Q ALIN hub dimensions 2 11 1103 7303 neccen 4 18 S9572 1000 ALIN hub dimensions 2 9 T200 lupra eas 2 1 4 5 Sately ue A NN 13 T221 bridge 2 1 47 48 4 12 4 16 SAD Sud Rd YDY en Y Nu SS A22 W231 sess DG TG Ne 412 Screened cable 23A ZA awi DG GU Y GE ynd A 4 12 SDIAG nn ein iwy YD AS 3000 Gay toch Y GR CR 45 Self test T500 LINtools VIEW 4 2
67. nal Network topology single non branching Network terminations 75Q at each end Maximum load 32 nodes Maximum length 1000 metres Grounding For safety at 100m intervals LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 1 9 This page intentionally blank Ch2 2 Chapter 2 ALIN INSTALLATION This chapter tells you about the ALIN Arcnet Local Instrument Network and how to in stall it The main topics covered are E Introducing the ALIN 1 E ALIN cabling systems 2 E ALIN troubleshooting 3 1 INTRODUCING THE ALIN The ALIN Arcnet Local Instrument Network is a single non branching token passing masterless network running at 2 5Mbaud allowing peer to peer communications and file transfer It is intended for use within a suite of cubicles only For long distance communi cations up to a kilometre the LIN system may be used connected to ALIN via the T221 bridge Alternatively the ALIN may be extended beyond 100m by using a fibre op tic Mod Hub PN S9574 which is the preferred method ALIN and LIN have identical protocols allowing communications between T600 series instruments and T1000 T100 T2001 and Maxi Vis systems via the T221 bridge The bridge performs buffering signal level and format conversion and co ordinates token ro tation on the networks 2 ALIN CABLING SYSTEMS There are three types of cabling system currently in use E 780O system This was used initially
68. ng LIN_A Should be stable not swapping to LIN_B LIN_B cable hardware fault on LIN A Alarms LIN_A FALSE TRUE cable or self test fault on LIN channel A Alarms LIN_ Bl FALSE TRUE cable or self test fault on LIN channel B Table 4 4 Significant LRA block parameters for physical layer fault finding see Figure 4 2 4 8 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 3 5 NOTES to Table 4 4 1 If FailTstA and FailTstB are FALSE there may still be a problem with the BNC con nectors or dry joints associated with the BNC connectors that are mounted on the in strument FaultOnA and FaultOnB being FALSE does not imply that both are healthy Both may have failed or simply not be connected or have other cable errors including in correctly fitted terminators 2 3 The FaultOnA and FaultOnB flags and hence Using are the most sensitive indicator of cable faults in the diagnostics and should therefore be carefully monitored when ca ble faults are suspected It is often sufficient to physically wiggle all connectors and cables on a system whilst observing these flags to find bad connections 4 In dual redundant LIN system you can set the priority of the LIN_A and LIN_B alarms to a value that causes them to latch e g Priority 11 so that any problem is flagged as having occurred when the block is next examined 3 5 Checking the LIN MAC layer using th
69. ns To keep down network disruption a station switches LIN channel only when no transmissions are being made to the station via the channel being disconnected Physically switching is via a solid state switch and takes only microseconds to operate There is no need for a station to disconnect itself from the LIN during LIN channel switching The channel a station is currently listening to is reported by the LRA block s Using param eter which can indicate LIN_A LIN_B or DISCONN if both channels are discon nected LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO05 Issue 2 3 1 Ch3 2 4 LIN Redundancy 2 2 LIN fault detection LIN faults breaks in the cable short circuits severe RFI etc are detected by a hard ware comparator module that continuously compares the signals on the two LIN channels A and B which should ideally be identical A fault is defined as having occurred if these signals differ for more than 10 microseconds This time margin allows for skew between signals on different channels due to different cable lengths for example When an error occurs bits flag the LIN fault and indicate which channel was the quiet i e faulty one via the corresponding LRA block parameter FaultOnA or FaultOnB 2 3 LIN fault clearing Detecting the clearance of a cable fault is more complicated than detecting its occurrence In Figure 3 1 James will detect the break in LIN B whenever any one of Henry Thomas
70. nstallation Ch2 2 3 4 Refer to the 7 02 302 Unit Controller Supervisor Installation amp User Guide within the T102 302 Product Manual Part No HA 083 208 U999 for more information on these configurations 2 3 4 BNO twin ax S9571 1200 ALIN hub installation details Figure 2 7 shows dimensions and installation details for the BNO based 1209 ALIN hub Order No S9571 The RJ11 socket on the hub may be used to attach a computer termi nal via an Arcnet card for configuring nodes on the ALIN use a standard RJ11 to RJ11 cable one may have been supplied with the Arcnet card The M4 earth stud can be used as a safety earth point See 2 2 4 for details of panel mounting and DIN rail mounting the hub 2 off 4 8mm Removable 2 off 5mm mounting mounting holes panel mounting 16 off BNO holes on case back on bracket bracket twin ax sockets 6 off cover RJ11 bracket fixing screws Earth stud M4 socket Label carrier studs Figure 2 7 9571 1200 ALIN hub dimensions mm LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UO05 Issue 2 2 11 Ch2 2 5 3 ALIN Installation 2 4 Cable routing amp earthing For optimum performance the ALIN cable should ideally lie in its own conduit or trunk ing Connections must be made outside the trunking and must be supported preferably on DIN rail The ALIN should not for any significant distance run parallel with cables carry ing high voltage switching transients or high frequenc
71. ock DDIAG_nn EDB_DIAG External database diagnostics block EDIAG_nn LIN_DEXT LIN high level diagnostics extension block LDEXT_nn Table 4 3 Standard DIAG block names nn hex node number 2 2 Caching remote diagnostic blocks in the test node It helps at this stage to have to hand a simplified sketch of the LIN networks on the sys tem showing the allocation of nodes to physical LIN segments The sketch need not show connectors redundant LIN etc but each node should be labelled with its type e g T100 its LIN address e g 4E hex and database name e g T100_4E If your strategies do not contain suitable diagnostic blocks i e at least those in Table 4 3 you should include them before starting the fault finding procedure On the VIEW worksheet create sets of DIAG blocks for all nodes on the network you want to monitor as described in 2 1 Name them using the standard diagnostic block names and ensure that their suffixes correspond to the remote node numbers To get them to update enter the correct remote database names in their Dbase fields NOTE 1 72001 The T2001 uses PCLIN in a similar way to VIEW with re spect to diagnostic blocks and PCLIN cards in T2001s also have a set of diagnos tic blocks built on board automatically at startup But these diagnostics cannot be seen at the T2001 because no templates exist there to create the blocks in the T2001 database The diagnostic blocks may be cached out of the PCLIN c
72. of LIN redundancy algorithm station up amp running 3 1 Automatic operation configuration AUTO is the default operating mode of the LIN redundancy algorithm even when no da tabase or LRA block is running To monitor the state of the LIN however an LRA block must be run in the control database with its Active input FALSE In this configuration all stations on the LIN switch automatically between LIN A and LIN B if a fault occurs i e they operate in AUTO mode 3 2 Forced operation configuration To force all stations on the network to use a particular LIN channel a database containing an LRA block with its Active input TRUE should be run The operation of all the stations can then be forced by selecting FORCE_A FORCE_B or FREEZE in the active station This broadcasts its current mode to the other stations ensuring that they adopt the same mode 3 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Redundancy Ch3 3 2 POWER UP AUTO Adopted Not Broadcasting Broadcast Received Within No BACKUP_TAKEOVER 12 15 sec Yes No Database Running Remain in AUTO Y Mode es Not Broadcasting No LRA Block Present No Broadcast Received LRA Block Active Yes Adopt Mode Held in LRA Block at dBase Startup amp Broadcast Broadcast Received Within NO_MASTER Time
73. orted For redundant installations test the cable in use indicated by LRA also observing Using FaultOnA FaultOnB Check next node along Fault detected on node Proceed to detailed cable connector inspection See Figure 4 5 Figure 4 4 Live cable testing 6 CHECKING A SUSPECT NODE Use the flowchart in Figure 4 5 to check an individual suspect node 6 1 to 6 3 are to be read in conjunction with the chart 6 4 gives information on time domain reflectom etry not covered in the chart 4 14 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 6 Disconnect the suspect node 6 1 NOTE This may disrupt the plant In dual redundant installations test one LIN at a time starting with the LIN not being used as indicated by LRA block check in all nodes From Figure 4 4 Check cable connector assembly Check connectors at node for correct fitting by dismantling as far as possible Unscrew screw in types and check that cable is cut correctly and that no braid strands are shorting between inner and outer Check for dry solder joints Re poll LIN 3 1 YES Any faults found All nodes amp corrected present NO Check BNC socket centre pins cable amp node Check that BNC centre pin has not been pushed back into connector preventing it fully engaging T piece See 6
74. ration configuration 3 4 operating Modes 3 3 FREEZE mode hectare in 3 3 Polling wees Ae ee 4 7 Frequencies operating 1 3 redundancy sssini ele dd 3 1 redundancy algorithm 1 8 H station poWer UD n s 3 5 Hardware fault detection 3 2 station up amp running 3 4 High frequency signals 1 2 2 12 redundancy algorithm LRA 4 8 High voltage switching transients 1 2 2 12 redundancy algorithm block 3 1 4 5 HoldMode bit csccccscscssesesesseseeseees 3 3 Specifications onsite 1 9 Hub station address 3 6 AI Series uu 29 io ing a Fen 3 1 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide Issue 2 Index 3 L R Index systems problems with 4 3 dddressicin uen th 1 8 2 16 trouble shooting 1 8 2 16 checking a suspect 4 14 type 2002 cable components 1 6 disconnecting from the LIN 4 16 LINA LUN tO WN cater 1 2 connector identifying 4 12 numbers amp database names 47 LIN A and LIN B ueu 3 1 LIN ALIN layers o checking higher Y DN O E 4 22 Operating mode LIN DEXT Y A E YH THYN 4 5 control of MEE E EEA ein ache TEM WES 3 6 Block etii mei Udd 4 24 station s current ccccceceeeeeeeeees 3 3 LINE DIAG AD Wnei ydd deat ben 4 5 BlOCK EEE EEE 4 2 4 9 P block parameters for physical Parameter values 3 6 layer
75. referred to the LIN Blocks Reference Manual in the LIN Product Manual Part No HA 082 375 U999 Note that in general references in this chapter to the LIN refer to both the LIN and the ALIN networks unless otherwise stated The main topics covered in this chapter are Overview of fault finding on the LIN 1 Setting up the test node 2 Initial checks on the Physical amp MAC layers 3 Tracing suspected cable hardware faults 4 Live cable checks using LIN_DIAG amp LRA blocks 5 Checking a suspect node 6 Measurements on ALIN signals 7 Checking the higher LIN ALIN layers 8 OVERVIEW OF FAULT FINDING ON THE LIN 1 1 Layer structure of the LIN The LIN and ALIN are complex systems in total but can be broken down into simpler layers each layer being essential to correct operation Figure 4 1 schematises these lay ers and summarises their functions The upper layers rely on the lower layers working correctly for their normal operation Therefore the only way to deal with LIN ALIN faults is layer by layer finding and fixing any lower layer physical problems first then moving on up through the layers It is par ticularly important to test all nodes on a physical segment and to test all physical seg ments 1 2 Fault finding procedure outline Initial tests on the layers are made by inspecting the values in the diagnostic blocks DIAG category that should have been included in the databa
76. s describes VIEW 2 1 Configuring the test node s resident diagnostic blocks In LINtools VIEW the PCLIN card automatically builds and names a set of diagnostic blocks when it starts running To inspect them in the database monitor worksheet select the T100 Library and MAKE a DIAG block with the specified template Leave the Dbase field as lt local gt for these resident blocks To get the block to update you must enter its correct standard diagnostic block name in the Block field Table 4 3 lists the most useful DIAG blocks you will need to monitor with their standard names You should use these standard names for all databases on the network The suffix nn in each block name must be set equal to the PCLIN card s network node number in hex This can be seen as the last two digits of the PC_MON block name in the top left corner of the monitor worksheet e g PCMON_80 The card s node number and card number is specified by the NODE environment variable which is found in the LT INI file NOTE The PCLIN card like any other node must have a unique node number 4 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Ch4 2 2 DIAG template Function Standard block name SUM_DIAG Summary diagnostics block SDIAG_nn LRA LIN redundancy algorithm block LRA_nn LIN_DIAG LIN diagnostics block LDIAG_nn ALINDIAG ALIN MAC LLC diagnostics block ALIND_nn DB_DIAG Database diagnostics bl
77. ses running in each node on the net work Figure 4 1 indicates some of the block types that can help diagnose faults in each layer LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 1 Ch4 1 2 LIN ALIN fault finding Database resources EDB_DIAG APPLICATION in LIN nodes EDBs Featts Teatts blocks connections Routing of messages NETWORK around the logical segments of the network Logical Link Control LIN DIAG Provision amp allocation of LLC dedicated channels for ALINDIAG comms with other nodes block caching file transfers Media Access Control LIN RG MAC Token Ring formation amp ALINDIAG control Message transactions Bottom Layer Cables connectors LRA PHYSICAL physical circuits LIN Redundancy Algorithm GU ae LIN cables Figure 4 1 Layer structure of the LIN showing functions and applicable DIAG blocks Note that the SUM_DIAG block is a very useful summary block and contains fields that tell you something about a the layers in the network The meanings of these fields are described in the LIN Blocks Reference Manual NOTE Always check diagnostic blocks for software alarms before using the data they show When inspecting diagnostic block parameter values keep the LIN network undisturbed i e do not add or remove nodes perform filing transfers start and stop databases on nodes and so on Sometimes different fields in a given block
78. ssional handtool AMP 20231652 1 Preferred 1000 terminator RJ45 LA249397 Compatible with RJ45 system 1000 terminator terminal mounting LA246779UK10 Compatible with RJ45 system Table 2 1 ALIN cable components 3 ALIN TROUBLESHOOTING 3 1 Testing the ALIN before use Care is needed to achieve a high standard of ALIN cabling because any faults in the ca bles or connections will degrade the performance of the control system For example in termittent loss of communications can cause excessive numbers of re tries and so effec tively slow down the control action ALIN cable installations should therefore be resist ance tested before use for intermittent resistive and open circuit connections Remember that ALIN_DIAG and other function blocks can be included in control strategies to help diagnose and pinpoint sources of communications problems Eurotherm Process Automa tion Limited strongly recommend the use of time domain reflectometry TDR to test and validate all ALIN installations Our Customer Services Division will be happy to carry out this work please contact them for details of price and availability LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 2 15 Ch2 3 2 ALIN Installation If you suspect that your network is malfunctioning you can refer to Chapter 4 of this hand book LIN ALIN fault finding This details how to pinpoint cable and connector faults and gives some outline gui
79. stations are then forced to adopt this mode and are also inhibited from making their own broadcasts Please refer to Figure 3 2 NOTE The BACKUP_TAKEOVER times are calculated as 12 0 01 x Network Address decimal seconds E g The node at address FE hex 254 dec has a timeout of 12 2 54 14 54 s 3 6 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 LIN Redundancy Ch3 4 2 4 2 Power up actions These actions are schematised in Figure 3 3 When a node is powered up it initialises to AUTO mode not broadcasting If it then receives a broadcast within its BACKUP_TAKEOVER timeout it simply adopts the broadcasted mode and HoldMode state and continues in this mode until the situation changes as was shown in Figure 3 2 What happens if the newly powered up station does not quickly receive a broadcast de pends on several factors as shown in Figure 3 3 After power up the station ends up in one of the four illustrated running states circled in the Figure LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 3 7 This page intentionally blank Ch4 1 2 Chapter 4 LIN ALIN FAULT FINDING This chapter tells you how to trace faults in a LIN ALIN network It deals mainly with the low level physical network i e the cables and connectors rather than with higher level software problems Outline guidance is given on these higher level problems but for the detailed information needed you are
80. tallation Chl 4 1 Table 1 2 continued Component EPA Mfg s PN Notes LIN ACCESSORIES 750 BNC terminator 9505 1 001 Many suitable manufacturers 750 BNC female femalefemale T 9505 1 003 Stub cable connection 750 BNC female male female T 9505 1 004 Direct node connection 750 BNC female male female F 9505 1 008 Direct node connection 750 BNC female male female Y Wadsworth 350 3210 Direct node connection Table 1 2 LIN cable components NOTE Connections and terminations should be made to high standards and we recommend the use of solder connectors Crimp connectors are also recom mended particularly with stranded cores Twist on type connectors may also be used especially for solid core cables These are of one piece construction and are simple to fit but note that they can sometimes loosen if not carefully assem bled according to the manufacturer s instructions For consistency and reliability we strongly recommend using the special LIN cable wire stripping tool to make the twist on connections see Table 1 2 4 WIRING IN CONFINED SPACES 4 1 Type 2002 cable For wiring the LIN inside confined spaces such as cubicles a more flexible cable than Belden 9114 may sometimes be required We strongly recommend type number 2002 co axial cable which conforms to BT specification CW1229 This cable is not intended to replace the preferred Belden 9114 coaxial cable and should be
81. ter together with cable data input by the user allow it to com pute and display various cable characteristics e g distance to a fault TDR can test twisted pair cables for interconnects shorts opens reversed wires and crossed pairs It can measure the length of twisted pair and coaxial cables and test for any pair anomalies shorts or opens Counts of noise impulses spikes above a selectable threshold on idle cable segments can also be made Our Customer Services Division will be happy to carry out TDR testing for you if re guired Please contact us for details of this facility 6 4 1 Testing RJ45 ALIN cable using the Fluke 652 LAN CableMeter Refer to the Fluke 652 LAN CableMeter user manual for full instructions on how to carry out cable tests The following are additional instructions for testing RJ45 ALIN ca ble to be read in conjunction with the Fluke manual The preprogrammed RJ45 cable type data stored in the 652 meter is unsuitable for testing the Category 5 cable currently used in Eurotherm s ALIN systems The 652 expects at least two of the four pairs of cores to be connected whereas ALIN cable uses only one pair blue and white blue Before carrying out ALIN testing do the following 1 Use a suitable adapter to interface the BNC connector on the 652 to the ALIN cable phase A is the blue core and phase B the white blue core 2 Set the 652 s rotary knob to CUSTOM CABLE 3 Use the menu driven display to se
82. the symbols used to represent values LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 3 Ch4 2 1 LIN ALIN fault finding Symbol Means 0 Zero n A non zero number that is not incrementing It may be large or small na A number that is incrementing text The textual value of a bit TRUE FALSE or of a menu field NN A valid LIN node number O1 lt NNSFE ABCD A 16 bit hexadecimal word Important bits in the word are discussed X Y X Y one of the above symbols X is the expected ideal but Y is often seen and is normally OK X X n or NN A value that is changing in an unspecified way Table 4 2 Symbols used to represent observed parameter values E The Comment column indicates the scope of the information the reading gives or what problem you may have if the Normal value is not displayed 2 SETTING UP THE TEST NODE Ideally the test node will be LINtools VIEW facility running in a PC fitted with a PCLIN card A T1000 can also be used but does not have the useful Poll LIN facility described in 3 1 The VIEW option is dealt with in this chapter but you can create equivalent di agnostic displays on the T1000 refer to the Tactician T1000 Product Manual Part No HA 080 194 U999 NOTE Ifyou are unfamiliar with the LINtools VIEW facility you should refer to the T500 LINtools Product Manual Part No HA 082 377 U999 Chapter 9 of the LINtools User Guide Monitoring remote database
83. tion as shown in Table1 1 Equivalent approximate attenuation values are given for the range of operating frequencies often quoted in catalogues The table can be extrapolated for lengths exceeding 1000m possible with very low loss cables Note that the values in the table apply also when fewer than 32 stations are connected This is because al though a theoretical de rating is possible it is usually negligible and is not advisable in case expansion in the number of connected nodes becomes necessary Max Permitted Cable Attenuation dB 100m Quoted Cable Length 1MHz 10MHz 100MHz 1000MHz metres 0 6 2 7 23 1000 1 2 4 13 44 500 2 4 8 26 88 250 6 20 66 220 100 12 40 132 440 50 24 80 265 880 25 60 200 662 2190 10 Table 1 1 LIN cable attenuation versus maximum cable length LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 1 3 Chl 83 2 LIN Installation 3 2 Cable connectors amp terminations A summary of LIN cables and connector types that may be required for a LIN installation is given in Table 1 2 Note that complete lengths of cable can be made to order by Euro therm Process Automation It is strongly recommended that with a redundant pair of LIN cables each LIN is distinguished by having colour coded BNC connector sleeves For consistency Eurotherm Process Automation recommends as standard using red for LIN A and blue for LIN B When ordering a fully assembled LIN cable or any of the conne
84. to a node Teatts and out of a node Featts You would normally look at the EDB_DIAG block together with the DB_DIAG block at each end of a connection i e where the problem block is local and where it is cached NOTE Running LINtools VIEW may be seen to add to the EDB and Featt counts LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 UOO5 Issue 2 4 23 Ch4 8 3 LIN ALIN fault finding m LIN_DEXT block This block collects high level statistics on LIN operation com plementing the low level function of the LIN_DIAG block Two of its parameters in particular can flag serious faults wkUknwin count of wellknown service unrecog nised messages received and dbUknwin count of database service unrecognised mes sages received If either of these counts are non zero there may be either a software incompatibility or alternatively your device may not be recognising a network service that is new to it e g time broadcasts If you think you have a real problem you should contact Eurotherm SUM_DIAG block The EDB parameter of this block hunts through EDBs and displays fault status information on the first EDB it discovers with a problem Such faults as Teatt alarms local cached blocks not being updated Featt alarms local node not sending cached block updates incomplete attachments disconnected EDBs among others are indicated 4 24 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 Symbols A
85. type FTP 4 pairs grey MOHAWK M55162 Farnell Components 473 261 Plugs 8 position line stranded shielded plug 1248893 For stranded cable RJ11 RJ45 adapter only 8 position line solid wire shielded plug 1250449 For solid core cable EPA MANUFACTURED 1000 CAT 5 CABLES xxx length metres 2 x RJ45 connectors 9508 5 2R 45 xxx 1 x RJ45 connector ferrules 9508 5 1R 45 xxx 2 x ferrules 9508 5 2FER xxx Table 2 1 continued 2 14 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 ALIN Installation Ch2 3 1 Table 2 1 continued Component EPA Mfg s PN Notes RJ11 to RJ45 crossover adapter stranded cable 9508 5 R 11 45X xxx For active hubs uses 6 way RJ11 plug C1250403 RJ1 1 to RJ45 direct adapter stranded cable 9508 5 RJ1 1 45D xxx For SMC Arcnet card uses 6 way RJ1 1 plug C1250403 Unassembled cable 9508 5 xxx PRE MADE 1000 CAT 5 CABLES Mod Tap shielded twisted pair line cords 1m Farnell Elec Services 406883H Type no 45MA 2 010 8A Mod Tap shielded twisted pair line cords 2m Farnell Elec Services 406884F Type no 45MA 2 020 8A Shielded cable assembly 4ft AMP 557827 2 Shielded cable assembly 8ft AMP 557827 4 Shielded cable assembly 12ft AMP 557827 5 Shielded Modular Cables 1m VIDEK 8961 1 Shielded Modular Cables 2m VIDEK 8961 2 Shielded Modular Cables 10m VIDEK 8961 10 Modular plug profe
86. uplicated connections e l yC l LLU 4 5 NEF cha YO Y 1 1 1 4 E automatic channel switching 3 3 Earth points cable 1 3 broadcasting c cccceeseeereeeees 3 6 Earthing DG eae rhe teas oe 3 2 5 2 2 cable components Bo toe a Sy caine tebe i 1 5 RHAN 23 cable fault example 3 2 EDB_DIAG 0 0 eeeeceeeeseeeeteeeteeteneeneeees 4 5 cable au iL A A A 1 3 black Mn ba dete 4 23 channel switching ts E 3 1 EDBSO GG TR 4 23 4 24 checking MAC layer EWF ONEN WYN 4 9 EDIAG_nn PPE EENE EE EEA EEES 4 5 diagnostics block 4 5 Engineering inspect mode 4 5 dual redundant installations 4 16 External database diagnostics block 4 5 electronics uu uu 32 electronics faults u uuuuuueeuenu 3 2 F fault clearing ccccceseesseeeseees 3 2 F adapfol se sadness easiest 1 2 hardware seceeeeeeeeseeesetenttesseeees 3 1 Fault detection n 3 2 high level diagnostics extn block 4 5 Faultfinding 0 cccccecsceesesesseeeseeeees 4 1 installation seis 1 1 on the LIN overview 4 1 layer siructUre e uueeeeunnen 4 1 4 2 physical layer cceceseeeeeeeeeeees 4 6 fyse LE leak 1 2 procedure outline enn 4 layout schematic ccccceeeeeeeeees 1 1 Fedt as dao canes 1 9 2 16 4 23 node address uun 1 8 2 16 FORCE_A or B mode 3 3 NODES TN A IEE DYF HYR YNN 1 2 Forced ope
87. ve TRUE station HoldMode bit The purpose of the HoldMode parameter is to specify the mode a passive station falls back to when no station is broadcasting or if the currently broad casting station goes offline With HoldMode FALSE a passive station falls back to or stays at AUTO if it has not received a broadcast during the 30 second NO MASTER timeout With HoldMode TRUE it retains its current mode The effects on operating mode of the HoldMode and Active parameters at station power up and subseguently are shown schematically in Figure 3 2 and 3 3 NOTE LIN broadcasting is explained in 4 LIN ALIN Installation amp User Guide HA 082 429 U005 Issue 2 3 3 Ch3 3 2 LIN Redundancy HoldMode TRUE Station Up amp Running Station Active Yes Yi Local Mode Change _ No Start Broadcasting New Mode at 1Hz for 5 secs Then Am I Broadcasting Once Every 5 secs Broadcast No_ Received In The Last No NO_MASTER Secs Broadcast No 30 Received Since I Started No Yes Yes Retain Fall Back To Current or Retain Mode AUTO Mode Broadcast Received In The Last BACKUP_TAKEOVER Secs 12 15 Broadcasting Adopt Retain Most yd Moo Continue Recently Broadcast Sk amp Broadcasting Mode Broadcast Cycle Not Broadcasting Every 5 secs Figure 3 2 Operation
88. y every five seconds which also provides a way for new stations on the LIN to adopt the correct operating mode with the minimum of delay Broadcasting allows an operator at one station to control the operating mode of the whole LIN without the need for a large number of cached blocks When an operator changes the LIN mode at any active station the station broadcasts its new mode and HoldMode state at the accelerated rate of once per second for the first five seconds reverting to the normal repeat rate of one broadcast every five seconds This has the effect of allowing the station to dictate its new operating mode to all other stations on the LIN whether they are active or not How the algorithm makes this happen is shown schematically in Figure 3 2 4 1 Multiple broadcasters Although there can be several active stations on the LIN the algorithm allows only one of them to broadcast at a time normally the station where the mode was last changed If this station goes offline another station may take over after a timeout specified by BACKUP_TAKEOVER To reduce the chance of two stations trying to take over simulta neously the timeout value is different for each LIN station address in the range 12 to about 15 seconds The station with the shortest BACKUP_TAKEOVER value is the first one to notice that broadcasting has stopped and so is the first to start broadcasting the mode held in its LRA block The other slower to respond
89. y signals e g thyristor drive signals for heaters motors etc If the ALIN cable has to cross other cables the crossing should be made at right angles wherever possible Where the ALIN cable passes close to possible sources of interference it should be enclosed in special conductive conduit earthed to minimise the risk of net work interruptions Refer to the Eurotherm Process Automation publication EMC Installation Guidelines for Eurotherm Process Automation Systems Products Part No HG 083 635 U001 for recom mendations on cabling earthing and EMC compliance 2 5 Interconnecting different ALIN systems Ideally for best results the cable characteristic impedance throughout an ALIN system should be the same However it is possible subject to certain restrictions to inter connect the different cabling systems successfully In general a daisychained ALIN seg ment should be terminated with a resistance at each end of value consistent with the cable impedance This minimises unwanted signal reflections A small mismatch in cable im pedance is tolerable provided that the main length is compatible with the terminators and is long compared to the cable of non consistent impedance The following sections give examples of acceptable mixed ALIN systems and also ad vice on extending existing installations 2 5 1 Connecting T640s to existing T640 T221 780 ALIN installations For this you should continue with the existing 7

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