VecTor-Blast User's Manual
Contents
1. ERRARE ER 2 2 5 1 2 Eocation on the EaCe vtov eb e eei Rye eis 2 2 5 1 3 Display oti Graph e e rte ree tute 2 3 AXES nnr 2 3 1 AUTO SCALE pte aede petet eee rte ci eee Red RI poles Ee 23 2 MANUAL SCALE 2 3 2 1 Time SCAG Pressure SCLC e THE DATA GENERAL MODELLING CONSIDERATIONG scsccssssssssssssessessssesessesserees DP LIST OF DATA FILE SYMBOLS snnt ERROR esta U 5 RH ubi ending 8 10 List of Figures FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU FIGU List of Figures 525 certe eue rre teo e Se evo EN Ix 2 RE 2 BLAST LOAD PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX sess en nete rena annees 5 RE 3 BUILDING DETAILS 2 2 2 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0 7 RE 4 BLAST LOCATION DIALOG 2 2702 20002 01 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 8 RE 5 DIFFRACTION FACTOR DIALOG c2. 28
3. Loading Explosion Amount of Explosive Conventional High Explosive Mass kg 100 Explosive Type Built In Compound 60 RDX 40 TNT v Custom Explosive Name Heat of Combustion 0 kJ mol Example TNT 4520 kJ mol Figure 9 Example Blast Load Parameters dialog box 16 VecTor Blast User s Manual 3 Click OK 4 Note that a summary of the entered input parameters as well as the equivalent TNT mass appear in the top left grey rectangle as shown in Figure 10 Te lor Blast Manwal Elt Figure 10 Example view window with blast load parameters 5 Select the Structure Building menu to bring up the Building Details dialog and enter the building dimensions as shown in Figure 11 247 VecTor Blast User s Manual Building Details Figure 11 Example Building Details dialog box 6 Click Ok The structure appears with dimensions as shown in Figure 12 Figure 12 Example view window with the structure 18 VecTor Blast User s Manual 7 Select the Analysis Blast Location menu to bring up the Blast Location dialog box and enter the blast location dimensions as shown in Figure 13 Blast Location Figure 13 Example Blast Location dialog box 8 Click OK The blast location is displayed as shown in Figure 14 Figure 14 Example view window with the blast location 19 VecTor Blast User s Manual 9 Select the Blas
4. another version of the same file select File Save As menu item and follow steps 1 to 4 while changing the name of the file 2 1 2 Opening a Saved File To open a saved file 1 Select the File Open menu item The Open dialog box appears 2 Browse for and selected the desired VecTor Blast file 3 Click Open 2 2 Menus Control VecTor Blast is achieved through menu options allowing the user to make inputs and selections This section will provide a description of the various menus and their individual options 2 2 1 Blast Load Parameters Menu To open the Blast Load Parameters dialog box 1 Select the Loading Blast Parameters menu item The Blast Load Parameters dialog box appears as shown in Figure 2 VecTor Blast User s Manual Blast Load Parameters K General Information Title nter Title mm N Job File Job Analysis By Loading Explosion Amount of Explosive Conventional High Explosive Mass kg Explosive Type Built In TNT Custom Explosive Name Heat of Combustion kJ mol Example TNT 4520 kJ mol Figure 2 Blast Load Parameters dialog box 2 Input the required data 3 Click OK 4 A summary of the entered information will appear in the grey Blast Load Parameters Box in the left hand corner of the main window see Figure 1 2 2 1 1 Menu Options 2 2 1 1 1 General Information Title Enter an alpha numer
5. pressure time history at other locations repeat steps 9 to 12 changing the face and the coordinates of the location 22 VecTor Blast User s Manual Job Notepad File Edit Format View Help Title Example Analysis By User s Name Job File Job BLAST PARAMATERS Explosive Compound B C60 RDX 40 TNT curie UE 100 000 Equivalent TNT Mass kg 114 823 Explosion Type FREE AIR BURST STRUCTURAL PARAMATERS xm structure 20 00 Blast Location 15 00 Face L Analysis Point 5 00 Distance m 22 361 Scaled Distance m kg 1 3252 alphazxyt de jf alphazx deg 4 601 26 57 90 00 WAVE PARAMETERS Arrival Dynamic Time ms Pres kPa 35 35 34 35 0 00 0 0 Zak 0 0 28 2 0 0 Clearin Timetms Pr kPa 14 1 69 8 0 0 Ref Imp 104 2 390 1 0 0 0 00 15 20 0 00 Ps kPa 4 0 9 4 0 0 Positive Dur ms Pr kPa 15 20 15 20 0 00 4 0 11 8 0 0 Pressure Time Results Figure 19 Example data file 23 Dra Coeff 0 0 1 0 0 0 Fict Dur ms 14 78 14 78 0 00 Neg Rise Time Cms 13 68 14 05 0 00 Pos Impulse CkPa msec 104 2 208 3 0 0 Ref Pos Dur ms 14 78 11 18 0 00 Negative Dur ms 50 67 52 04 0 00 VecTor Blast User s Manual 6 List of Data File Symbols Mach Stem Forms Point in Mach Stem Z from Pressure Z from Impulse alphazxy alphazx alphayzx alph
6. VecTor Blast User s Manual P A Miller F J Vecchio August 2004 Table of Contents Table of Contents IB NOUNU OOPwUnn 1 I yusonuO 2 VECTOR BLAST 5 8 4011 40 40 42 4 enses etna snas tatus 2 1 VECTOR BLAST INTERFACE eee sons tatu 2 1 1 CREATING AND SAVING THE 2 1 2 OPENING A SAVED FILE iicet esee vetere eee vec eel e epe ke vet ve venae ud 22 jUun 2 24 1 BLAST LOAD PARAMETERS MENU 2211 iMenwOplionso uo em e E o ie de eee 2 2 1 1 1 General Information e e vo tas 2 2 1 1 2 EE 2 2 2 BUILDING DETATES eerte rtr Ph ERE 222 1 MenwOplions aid np vet e re t E neste eed 222141 Dirmiensions coe e OA 2 2 3 BEAST LOCATION MENU eet tercer eie Eee subs cecayvecebentes 22 9 1 ee ue ndr 2 2 3 1 1 Blast Location inse heec 2 2 4 DIFFRACTION FACTOR 2241 MenwOplions i d had eto eade ut rende 2 2 4 1 1 Diffraction etae oed dio tao lare ai tare bei 2 25 GRAPH PRESSURES MENU 225 iaa ac eed e as 225221
7. ace the explosive outside the structure and within the boundaries of the width z dimension of the structure 2 2 4 Diffraction Factor Menu The Analysis Diffraction Factor menu is now active To open the Diffraction Factor dialog box 1 Select the Analysis Diffraction Factor menu item The Diffraction Factor dialog box appears as shown in Figure 5 2 The default base factors are displayed 3 Click Ok to close the dialog box VecTor Blast User s Manual Diffraction Factor Diffraction Factor K Pressure efau Impulse 0 35 WARNING DO NOT MODIFY the default value of 0 35 unless you are an expert in the blast wave structure interaction Figure 5 Diffraction Factor dialog box 2 2 4 1 Menu Options 2 2 4 1 1 Diffraction Factors Pressure This base factor is used to create a diffraction coefficient to account for the pressure reduction due to diffraction Impulse This base factor is used to create a diffraction coefficient to account for the impulse reduction due to diffraction The diffraction coefficient DC is calculated by Eq 1 DC DF 1 DF is the base factor for pressure or impulse and n represents the number of corners the blast wave must travel around to reach the point on the structure for which the analysis is being performed 2 2 5 Graph Pressures Menu The Blast Pressures Pressure Time Profile menu is now active To open the Graph Pressure dialog box 1 Select the Blas
8. ave VecTor Blast User s Manual 1 Introduction VecTor Blast is a pre processor that generates blast loads for use in finite element analysis of concrete structures The role of VecTor Blast is to provide a graphical user interface through which blast pressure calculations can be made This manual provides assistance for using VecTor Blast VecTor Blast was created in Visual C and works most efficiently in Windows XP VecTor Blast may not run well in older versions of Microsoft Windows because the operating system has been changed by Microsoft Updating the comctl32 dll file that can be downloaded from the following site http support microsoft com default aspx scid kb en us 167121 will fix many of the problems Furthermore updating the version of Microsoft Internet Explorer should accomplish the same result 2 VecTor Blast Basics 2 1 VecTor Blast Interface Upon starting VecTor Blast an introduction window appears over the view window The introduction window disappears if you click the mouse hit a key or wait a few seconds and the view window remains as shown in Figure 1 VecTor Blast is a single document interface The exact appearance will vary slightly depending on the operating system VecTor Blast User s Manual LESE HI TERT LO EHETT Figure 1 VecTor Blast Interface The menu bar contains the following visible menus File Edit View Loading Structure Analysis Blast Pressures and Help Not all of the submen
9. azy 1 means yes 0 means no 1 means yes 0 means no Scaled distance corresponding to incident side on overpressure Scaled distance corresponding to incident side on impulse angle between the incident wave and the analysis point on the structure angle between the incident wave and the analysis point on the structure 7 plane only angle between the incident wave and the analysis point on the structure EM Es angle between the incident wave and the analysis point on the structure z y plane only 24 VecTor Blast User s Manual Ps Impulse Ref Imp Pr Fict Pos Dur Ref Pos Dur Positive Dur Ps Pr Neg Rise Time Negative Dur dir Incident side on overpressure Incident side on impulse Reflected positive impulse Reflected positive overpressure Fictitious positive duration Reflected positive duration Positive duration Incident side on underpressure Negative reflected underpressure Negative rise time Negative duration The direction of the overpressure relative the positive sign convention where a diffraction coefficient is used the pressures and impulses have already been multiplied by the diffraction coefficient 25 VecTor Blast User s Manual 7 Error Messages All available error messages are shown here with an explanation of what they mean These error messages appear if the user has entered invalid information or the cal
10. components that you wish to have displayed on the graph If you are unsure which ones will appear click All There can be situations where some of the components are zero and nothing will be displayed on the graph if you select that particular component to be displayed 2 3 Axes Buttons The user is able to scale the graph using the axes buttons shown in Figure 7 only after the graph appears 12 VecTor Blast User s Manual Figure 7 Axes buttons 2 3 1 Auto Scale Clicking this button will scale the graph to the default setting such that the entire graph is displayed 2 3 2 Manual Scale Clicking the Manual Scale button will launch a menu shown in Figure 8 The user is able to insert custom maximum and minimum values for the x and y axes on the graph Graph Scale Cancel Min Time ms Max Time ms Pressure Scale Min Pressure kPa Max Pressure kPa Figure 8 Graph Scale dialog box 2 3 2 1 Time Scale Min Time ms Enter the minimum value of the time axis in milliseconds ms 13 VecTor Blast User s Manual Time ms Enter the maximum value of the time axis in milliseconds ms 2 3 2 2 Pressure Scale Min Pressure kPa Enter the minimum value of the pressure axis in kPa Pressure kPa Enter the maximum value of the pressure axis in kPa 3 Data File A data file Job txt is created after the analysis Th
11. csssesscecececsessnsececececeesenseaececececsessnaececeescseaaeceeeceeeenenteaeeees 10 RE 6 GRAPH PRESSURE DIALOG BOX RET AXES BUTTONS et e pe RIEN EY DA ERE ge bess be e Se rre 13 RE 8 GRAPH SCALE DIALOG 13 RE 9 EXAMPLE BLAST LOAD PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX 16 10 EXAMPLE VIEW WINDOW WITH BLAST LOAD PARAMETERS eene enne 17 RE 11 EXAMPLE BUILDING DETAILS DIALOG rna n nns enne e etna nnns 18 12 EXAMPLE VIEW WINDOW WITH THE STRUCTURE et tran assente tena n nnns 18 13 EXAMPLE BLAST LOCATION DIALOG BOX nnns sse eee tena nnne 19 14 EXAMPLE VIEW WINDOW WITH THE BLAST nennen eren nter nnns 19 15 EXAMPLE GRAPH PRESSURE DIALOG 20 16 EXAMPLE VIEW WITH ener en entr nnn ness enne enean rana nn 21 RE 17 EXAMPLE GRAPH SCALE DIALOG BOX mA 18 EXAMPLE VIEW WITH MODIFIED GRAPH eene sse entere nnns 22 oot A eie ee re Neue 23 Notation Notation DF base diffraction factor DC diffraction coefficient n number of corners traveled around by a blast w
12. culations cannot proceed because the combined inputs places certain values out of range Message Description Reflected Impulse too high Out of range of computable scaled distances The calculated reflected impulse is out of range of available surface burst data The scaled distance corresponding to the reflected impulse cannot be calculated 26 6 1 30780 kPa ms kg 4 25 1 3430 psi ms Ib 9 Message Description Message Description Message Description Message Description Reflected Pressure out of range of computable scaled distances 12 7 Pr 373000 kPa The calculated reflected pressure is out of range of available surface burst data The scaled distance corresponding to the reflected pressure cannot be calculated 12 7 P 373000 kPa 1 85 P 54100 psi No Face Selected The user has not chosen a surface on the structure where the pressure time history will be calculated The point selected is not on the structure Please make another selection The entered x y and z coordinates does not place the analysis point on the structure s surface Positive Reflected Scaled Impulse out of range of computable scaled distances 23 63 lt 1 lt 24200 kPa ms kg 1 3 Negative Pressure Time history cannot be calculated for this wave component The calculated reflected impulse is out of range with the available free air burst data The scaled distance corresponding to the reflected imp
13. e data file contains greater detail than the graph can provide Information for the data file is generated after each analysis If the same analysis point is chosen two or more times in a row the data will only be written once to the data file As a new point is chosen the corresponding generated information is added to the data file The data file can be broken down into three sections blast parameters structural parameters and wave parameters Blast Parameters This section contains the details entered in the Blast Load Parameters dialog box Structural Parameters This section contains the following details o thesize of the structure o the location of the explosive the face on which the analysis point is located o the coordinates of the analysis point o the distance and scaled distance from the analysis point to the explosive o the angles of incidence 14 VecTor Blast User s Manual Wave Parameters This section contains the details of each x y and z component of every wave hitting the analysis point The parameters included are all the basic side on and face on values The pressure time histories are obtained by combining certain parameters together The final pressure time histories of each component of every wave are also included in addition to final combined pressure time histories if there are multiple waves striking the analysis point 4 General Modelling Considerations The following are few general tips a
14. f range to calculate scaled distance The calculated mach pressure must be at least 10 kPa in order to calculate the corresponding scaled distance P gt 10kPa P 1 45 psi Mach Impulse out of range to calculate scaled distance The calculated scaled mach impulse must lie in an appropriate range to calculate corresponding scaled distances 26 5 lt 1 lt 2369 kPa ms kg 3 27 1 264 psi ms Ib Z Outside Range for Free Air Burst or Air Burst 27 VecTor Blast User s Manual Description Message Description Message Description 0 06 lt 2 lt 11 9 m kg 1 3 The available blast parameters for free air burst only exist for a range of scaled distances 0 06 lt Z lt 11 9 m kg 0 15 lt Z lt 30 ft lb Cannot calculate deflection angle Scaled Distance out of range In the process of iterating to calculate the angle of deflection pressures are calculated corresponding to scaled distances If the scaled distance at one point is out of range the iteration is forced to stop and the deflection angle can t be calculated Could not converge on a deflection angle Geometry does not lend itself to regular reflection Incident wave only This is more of an indication as to what is occurring than an actual error This simply indicates that the geometry between the blast location and a point on the surface of the structure will not be loaded by a ground reflected wave and only the incident wave will strike the location
15. ic title up to 30 characters long The title appears in the data file generated at the end of the analysis 5 VecTor Blast User s Manual Job File Enter the name of the job file using up to 6 alpha numeric characters This will set the name of the data file Analysis Enter the name of the user doing the analysis up to 30 characters long The name appears in the data file 2 2 1 1 2 Loading Explosion Currently VecTor Blast is restricted to conventional high explosives and this option cannot be changed Amount of Explosive Enter the mass of explosive in kg to which the structure will be subjected Explosive Type Select either Built In or Custom explosive The default built in explosive is TNT Others can be selected from the pull down list If Custom is chosen it is recommended that a name be entered for the explosive using up to 20 characters The heat of combustion in kJ mol must be entered Only one explosive type can be selected at once The other will be inactive 2 2 2 Building Details Menu Once the blast parameters have been entered the Structure Building menu will become active To open the Building Details dialog box VecTor Blast User s Manual 1 Select the Structure Building menu item The Building Details dialog box appears as shown in Figure 3 Building Details Dimensions Depth m Height v m Width z Figure 3 Building Details dialog box 2 I
16. nd modelling suggestions VecTor Blast was not designed for extremely near explosions i e explosion almost on the surface of the structure therefore the results may not be accurate in such cases Model near ground explosions as explosions on the ground Blast wave parameters are calculated based on scaled height of the blast 3 Data in VecTor Blast height of the explosion mass of explosive for scaled heights of blast does not cover a large range and is generally limited to significant heights thus a small blast height may be out of range If a custom explosive is used ensure that the custom explosive is a high explosive exhibiting ideal behaviour otherwise it cannot accurately be compared to TNT using heat of detonation and the results will not be accurate 15 VecTor Blast User s Manual 5 Example An example is provided with a step by step procedure to help a new user become more familiar with VecTor Blast The pressure time history is found at the centre point of the roof of a 20 long by 30 m wide by 10 m high structure from 100 kg of Compound B detonating at the following location x 15 m y 30 m and z 15 m 1 Double click the VecTor Blast exe file 2 Select the Loading Blast Parameters menu to bring up the Blast Load Parameters dialog box and enter the information as shown in Figure 9 Blast Load Parameters General Information Title Example Job File Job Analysis By User s Name
17. nput the required data 3 Click OK 4 The plan and elevation view of the structure will appear in the Top View and Side View boxes along with the dimensions of the structure see Figure 1 VecTor Blast User s Manual 2 2 2 1 Menu Options 2 2 2 1 1 Dimensions Depth x m Enter the depth or x dimension of the structure in m Height y m Enter the height or y dimension of the structure in m Width z m Enter the width or z dimension of the structure in m 2 2 3 Blast Location Menu The Analysis Blast Location menu is now active To open the Blast Location dialog box 1 Select the Analysis Blast Location menu item The Blast Location dialog box appears as shown in Figure 4 Blast Location Blast Location Horizontal Distance x m Vertical Distance y m Lateral Distance z m Figure 4 Blast Location dialog box 2 Input the required data 3 Click OK VecTor Blast User s Manual 4 The location of the explosion and the explosion itself will appear in the Top View and Side View boxes see Figure 1 2 2 3 1 Menu Options 2 2 3 1 1 Blast Location Horizontal Distance x m Enter the horizontal distance from the origin to the explosion in m Vertical Distance y Enter the vertical distance from the origin to the explosion in m Lateral Distance z m Enter the lateral distance from the origin to the explosion in m The entered distances must always pl
18. t Pressures Pressure Time Profile menu item The Graph Pressure dialog box appears as shown in Figure 6 10 VecTor Blast User s Manual Graph Pressure Face OFace2 5 O Face3 Location on the face m y m z m Display on Graph X Component Pressure Time History OY Component Pressure Time History OZ Component Pressure Time History O ALL Figure 6 Graph Pressure dialog box 2 Click on the face for which the analysis is required The x y and z coordinate boxes will now be active 3 Input the required data 4 Select which pressure time components are to be displayed on the graph 5 Click OK A graph of the pressure time history on the entered analysis point is displayed in the middle grey box see Figure 1 11 VecTor Blast User s Manual 2 2 5 1 Menu Options 2 2 5 1 1 Face Click on the face where the analysis is required This will activate the coordinates on the face Depending on which face is selected some of the input locations will be disabled This is to ensure that the entered coordinates are on the surface of the face selected 2 2 5 1 2 Location on the Face Enter the horizontal or x coordinate of the analysis point in m y m Enter the vertical or y coordinate of the analysis point in m Zz my Enter the lateral or z coordinate of the analysis point in m 2 2 5 1 3 Display on Graph Select the pressure time
19. t Pressures Pressure Time Profile menu to bring up the Graph Pressure dialog box and enter the location of the centre of the roof as shown in Figure 15 Select ALL so all component pressure time histories can be seen on the graph Graph Pressure Face SFacel 4 QFace2 OFace5 Face3 Location on the face x m 5 y m 15 Display on Graph OX Component Pressure Time History O Y Component Pressure Time History O Z Component Pressure Time History ALL Figure 15 Example Graph Pressure dialog box 10 Click OK The graph is displayed as shown in Figure 16 20 VecTor Blast User s Manual Figure 16 Example view with graph 11 To examine only the positive phase click the manual scale button to display the Graph Scale dialog box and enter the values shown in Fig 17 Graph Scale Figure 17 Example Graph Scale dialog box 21 VecTor Blast User s Manual 12 Click OK The new graph is displayed as shown in Figure 18 Edt Lradng Centum Arete Blast Fragen Help Figure 18 Example view with modified graph 13 The user want to examine the data file for a more detailed look at the information Locate the folder in which the VecTor Blast exe file is residing and double click on Job txt 14 The data file will open and look similar to Figure 19 Only a portion of the data file is displayed here due to its size 15 To view the
20. ulse 26 VecTor Blast User s Manual Message Description Message Description Message Description Message Description Message Description Message Description Message cannot be calculated 23 6 1 24200 kPa ms kg 4 46 1 4570 psi ms Ib 9 Positive Reflected Pressure out of range of computable scaled distances 19 31 Pr 572000 kPa Negative Pressure Time history cannot be calculated for this wave component The calculated reflected pressure is out of range of available surface burst data The scaled distance corresponding to the reflected pressure cannot be calculated 19 31 P 572000 kPa 2 8 lt P lt 83000 psi Incident Pressure out of range Pressure must be less than 44800 kPa 6500 psi The dynamic pressure can only be calculated for incident side on overpressures up to 44800 kPa to correspond with available data P 44800 kPa Ps lt 6500 psi Z Outside Range for Surface Burst 0 12 lt 2 lt 19 8 m kg 1 3 The available blast parameters for surface burst only exist for a range of scaled distances 0 12 lt 7 lt 19 8 m kg 0 3 lt Z lt 50 ft lb Scaled Height of Charge Outside Range of Available Data 2 53 lt lt 17 6 m kg 1 3 Change Vertical Charge Height or Charge Weight To calculate mach pressures and impulses the scaled height of charge must remain with limits of available data 2 53 H 17 6 m kg 1 lt H lt 7 ft lb Mach Pressure out o
21. us are immediately available but become available as the modelling proceeds The window is divided into five major boxes Blast Load Parameters This box displays the details of the explosive used in the model VecTor Blast User s Manual The Middle Grey Box This box graphically displays the predicted blast load at a location on the structure The Bottom Grey Box This box contains the axes modification buttons These buttons enable the user to change the scales of the axes on the graph Top View This box displays the plan view of the structure The smaller box with the x z coordinate system displays the x and z distances to the explosion from the origin The origin in the x z coordinate system occurs at the top left corner of the structure Side View This box displays the elevation view of the structure The smaller box with the x y coordinate system displays the x and y distances to the explosion from the origin The origin in the x y coordinate system is the bottom left corner of the structure 2 1 1 Creating and Saving the File To create a new file Select the File New menu item You will be asked if you want to save QU Pe INS m the current file Click Yes or No Everything on the screen will be erased and a blank screen will be shown To save the file Select the File Save menu item Select the directory in which to save the file Enter a name for the file Click Save VecTor Blast User s Manual To save
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