Basic Express Com piler User's Guide
Contents
1. 1 0 Pins at Startup INP 0 1 INP 01 Il M UU MI aM rr r Pins at Startup Alm amp salvrrrr INP 0 1 INP 0 1 Mr rr 3 r Ca i fin ea armrrmv MEET 4 rud a d d n BEREZ 230i Fs e f NFrrs aM rr ZAE md ml 2NFTIT zii amp asiwrrr Eig zig al gd get zi reg avr TT u m m mj 2 MOCE Amela E 3 Mrr MITT 6 19 VF T T zeli 4 cy Allele MIT F 18 NF TF TF VIET 10 sy gigi MITT S8 i MFTFT t n nd n d REEE MFrIrras i6 MOCE AIEE se z22 iv TT MIr 10 15 NETT zc E z28 v TT MIFIT n 14 NF TT Eligii xe zvrrr MIFIT 132 ccch3s VETT LEDS dmm dmm v 16 25 v EE MECE Red daa 24 VT FT z EI I I Green MECE 18 a rrr IL rr 18 22i iT FF MIT 20 aM rre Cancel Cancel I O Pin Grid The I O Pin Grid allows you to define the initial state of each available I O pin whenever the processor is rebooted Each pin can be set to one of four states tristate pullup output high and output low IN Input Configures the corresponding pin as a tristate high impedance input Typically 5 V is logic high on 5 V systems and 0 V is logic low P Input w Pullup Configures the pin as an input with pullup This state is typically used to sense the state of passive devices such as switches 0 Output Low Configures the corresponding pin as a logic low output which is 0 V 1 Output High Configures the pin as logic high output which is typically 5 V The I O Pin Grid defines only the initial stat2. Set Starting Directory allows you to specify the directory where the program initially looks for project files to open s Capture to File Ed m Capture monitor port input Greate File Close File Filename ET emp CaptureD ata txt Status Recording File Size 28 bytes Capture File Window The Capture to File menu choice allows you to record data received by the monitor port on the PC The data is stored in a user specified file which has a length limited only by available disk space Recording continues until you close the file or exit the program Processor Menu The Processor menu allows you to select which BasicX system type to use Choices are BX 01 BX 24 and BX 35 I O Ports Menu The I O Ports menu allows you to configure communication ports Download Port configures the port used for downloading programs to the BasicX The download port may be either a parallel or serial port depending on the BasicX system being used If a serial port is used for downloading you select only the com port number Other settings such as baud rate and parity are fixed and cannot be changed by the user Monitor Port configures the serial port that is connected to the status window Here you can specify the PC s com port number baud rate parity number of data bits and number of stop bits Note that the monitor port is bidirectional data received from a BasicX is displayed in the status window and data you ty
3. switch for compiling the project This will create the BXB file for your project The BasicX Environment itself will not start when this switch is used d optional switch for downloading the project This switch will download the BXB file to your chip The BXB file must exist already if this switch is used without c The BasicX Environment itself will not start when this switch is used The command line is not case sensitive Each argument must be separated by 1 or more spaces or tabs The project must be completely created as usual within the BasicX Environment Once the source filenames and chip preferences have been established and saved in the project you may then edit your source files in another ASCII editor and use the command line to compile and download the project The starting directory processor type BX 01 BX 24 BX 35 etc and download port must be properly set for the current project A message file named BasicX err is created in the starting directory when you use the command line option The file contains the processing results If errors are encountered the error number and description will be given along with any compile time errors generally including the line number and filename of the source file causing the error Example in the following example file DemoProgram bxp is located in the starting directory C Program Files BasicX gt BasicX DemoProgram c d This line causes the program to be compiled
4. BXB file The BXB file contains the executable code that is run by the BasicX chip This file combined with the PRF file is similar to the EXE file on a PC 22 MPP file This file contains a map of the entire program The following categories are listed Module level RAM variables Persistent EEPROM variables Subprogram local data Code memory subprograms and block data BXM file The BXM file contains a description of all module level static variables and arrays in the program The file is in machine readable ASCII text format Each line in the file contains the following data in comma delimited format ModuleName VariableName Module name and variable or array name in quotes using dot separator MemoryLocation Address of the start of the variable DataType Data type enumeration see below IsPersistent Whether variable is persistent Value is TRUE or FALSE Dimensions Number of dimensions Scalar is zero The lower and upper bound of each dimension is listed for all eight possible dimensions For string iom the first upper bound is the maximum number of characters that can be stored in the Data type enumerations Type Value Unsignedlnteger 17 Byte 18 Integer 19 Long 20 UnsignedLong 21 Single 32 Boolean 50 String 61 Example assume the file SerialPort bas contains the following module level declarations Private Const InputBufferSize As Integer 32 Private InputBuffer 1 To InputBuffe
5. Netmeciias Basic Express Compiler User s Guide Version 2 0 1998 2002 by NetMedia Inc All rights reserved Basic Express BasicX BX 01 BX 24 and BX 35 are trademarks of NetMedia Inc 2 00H Contents 1 Downloader 2 Editor and compiler 3 Project dialog box 4 BX 01 chip dialog box 5 BX 24 and BX 35 chip dialog boxes 6 Watch window 7 Tutorial on using the watch window 8 Filetypes 9 Command line operation 11 13 16 18 20 23 26 Downloader The BasicX Downloader is where executable files are downloaded and run on the BasicX system You can also use the Downloader to open the Editor Compiler when creating or editing the BXP project or BAS source code files The Downloader displays the results of the download process in the Status Bar The Status Window allows interactive two way RS 232 communication with the BasicX system Title Bar EAEL AAEE IUIS ETIN UA CI x File Options 1 0 Ports About CA SSSLA ewm Progress Bar Status Window Status Bar Downloader Window Open Download File Button The Open Download File Button loads a BXB and PRF file into the BasicX The button will ask you for a BXB filename Open Editor Button The Editor Button opens the BasicX Editor This is where your project is opened edited and compiled Stop Processor Button On BX 01 systems the Stop Processor Button turns off the power derived from the
6. SonarTest Sonar bed File Edit Compile Options Project Window Help 8 x sz Processor Type x Processor Type Public Sub Mair Dim Distanc Line 1 Col 1 INS 4 Processor Type window 19 The next step is to compile and download your program as usual Once the program starts running select the Project Watch Window menu zx BasicX Editor SonarTest Sonar Iof x File Edit Compile Options Project Window Help 8 x D Gub see t Files Sonar SerialPort Watch Window Public Sub Main Dim Distance As Single Line 1 Col 1 INS 4 Project Watch Window menu 20 The Watch Window should appear In the top window you can choose one or more module level variables to watch and the compiler will dynamically update the values of each variable on the bottom window Note that the variable type is displayed next to each identifier in the top window nu Sample period E second 7 Close Watch Window In this case the variable test iis updated about once per second The update rate can be chosen from the combo box at the lower edge of the window 21 File Types The compiler downloader reads and generates the following files File Extension Description BAS Module file contains source code for the program BXP Project file lists all modules in program PRF Preferences file contains initialization and configuration in
7. and downloaded Note that BasicX exe is assumed to be located in subdirectory Program Files BasicX in this example This location can vary depending on where the program is installed 25
8. Button The OK Button exits after saving any changes made within the Chip Dialog Box Cancel Button The Cancel Button exits and disregards any changes made within the Chip Dialog Box I O Pin Grid The I O Pin Grid allows you to define the initial state of each available I O pin whenever the processor is rebooted Each pin can be set to one of four states tristate pullup output high and output low IN Input Configures the corresponding pin as a tristate high impedance input Typically 5 V is logic high on 5 V systems and 0 V is logic low P Input w Pullup Configures the pin as an input with pullup This state is typically used to sense the state of passive devices such as switches 0 Output Low Configures the corresponding pin as a logic low output which is 0 V 1 Output High Configures the pin as logic high output which is typically 5 V The I O Pin Grid defines only the initial states of each pin After startup you can also have the program configure each pin independently using procedure PutPin or other system calls Known Bugs If you enable the cache option the program will occasionally fail to start after download or reset A workaround is to disable this option 14 BX 24 and BX 35 Chip Dialog Boxes The BX 24 and BX 35 Chip Dialog Boxes allow you to control the initial state of the I O pins and on board LEDs on a BX 24 These options can also be controlled by the BasicX program mI x
9. elopment System version number Rescue function BX 24 and BX 35 only The Rescue function is an option that allows you to override a running processor and force it to accept a new program The Rescue function is necessary because a BX 24 or BX 35 program can go into modes that prevent the system from accepting a new program even if you manually reset the system or cycle the power The BasicX Operating System needs to see the serial port in order to accept a new program Anything that interferes with this such as turning off interrupts for a significant amount of time can cause problems System calls PulseOut and Pulseln for example turn off interrupts temporarily while they re executing A program that spends a lot of time calling these or similar functions may need the Rescue function Rescue allows the chip to communicate within 0 25 seconds of a pushbutton reset Rescue halts the processor in a special way so it will communicate with the downloader no matter what kind of program you put in the chip Recovery procedure 1 Click on the Rescue function 2 Within the next 10 seconds press and release the reset button on the processor 3 After the 10 second period is up the system should be ready for a new download Editor and Compiler The BasicX Editor Compiler is where your project and its accompanying files are opened edited and compiled BasicX Editor SonarTest File Edi Compile Options Project Window About DcgSEH
10. es of each pin After startup you can also have the program configure each pin independently using procedure PutPin or other system calls 15 OK Button The OK Button exits after saving any changes made within the Chip Dialog Box Cancel Button The Cancel Button exits and disregards any changes made within the Chip Dialog Box LEDS Box BX 24 only The LEDS box allows you to define the initial state of each of the two LEDs on the BX 24 You can also have your program control the state of each LED through pin I O functions the red LED is connected to pin 25 and the green LED is connected to pin 26 To turn on an LED you need to set the pin to logic ow Raising the pin turns off the LED 16 Watch Window BX 24 and BX 35 only The Watch Window allows you to watch variables in a running BasicX program The Watch Window can handle static module level variables in RAM memory Variables can be numeric or Boolean types If an array is chosen the first element of the array is displayed Watch List Ed 3t switch Boolean position Integer test temperature Byte test velocity Single LIII IK test switch True test position 45 test velocity 15 93 Sample period 1 0 second Close Watch Window The Watch Window is chosen from the Project menu in the editor The upper window lists RAM based module level variables in the program The checkboxes allow you to select which
11. fatal error message appears in this panel The above information can also be viewed in a separate window by clicking on the Status Bar or choosing Compile Status under the Compile Menu You can also see more details of memory allocation by looking at the MPP map file which is created whenever you compile a program Warning the RAM memory in the Status Bar applies only to memory allocated to static variables This is not the same as the total amount of RAM required by a program In particular task stacks need additional RAM which is not displayed here 10 Project Dialog Box The Project Dialog Box keeps track of source code that makes up the project Source code is stored in one or more module files each of which has a default BAS extension The collection of modules is compiled into the final BXB executable file Sonarlest Iof x r Project Files Sonar bas SerialPort bas j Remove Fie OK Cancel Project Dialog Window Title Bar The Title Bar displays the BXP filename of the currently open project Project Files The Project Files textbox lists all files in the project Each file contains source code for a single module You can select which files to include by pressing the Add Remove Files buttons Add File The Add File button opens a dialog box where module files can be chosen to be added into the current project Remove File The Remove File button removes the highlighted file fro
12. formation BXB BasicX program in binary format similar to EXE file on a PC MPP Map file of entire program in human readable format BXM Map file of static module level variables in machine readable format MPX Map file of module level variables in source code format for network OBJ Object file contains object code for each subprogram ERR Error log file produced by command line mode BAS file This file contains the source code for a single module Each module must be in a separate file with one and only one module per file File extensions can be arbitrary with BAS as the default The module name is taken from the filename without the extension The module name must be a legal Basic identifier which means the name must start with a letter and all other characters must be letters digits or underscores BXP file This is the project file which contains a list of the filenames of all modules in the program Typical format C Dirl MainModule bas C Dir3 SubDir Irrigation bas SerialPort bas Filenames are prefixed by optional pathnames If a pathname is absent the compiler assumes the file is located in the same subdirectory as the BXP file PRF file This is the preferences file which contains information required by the BasicX system Information includes the initial states of I O pins as well as memory configuration data The combination of PRF and BXB file is required whenever you download a program to a BasicX system
13. he COM option configures BasicX to utilize the built in COM2 device which requires pins 1 and 12 Extended I O and RAM This option configures BasicX to utilize an external device such as the Video X Extended I O requires pins 3 21 28 and 32 39 SPI code storage The SPI Code Storage defines the maximum allowable program space available in the chip The compiler checks to make sure your program fits in this memory Internal EEPROM The Internal EEPROM option determines whether your program is downloaded internally to the BasicX chip or externally to another SPI chip External SPI requires pins 6 7 and 8 Checking this box selects internal SPI and frees those 3 pins Network Enable The Network Enable option configures BasicX to utilize the built in network feature The network requires the COM1 device and pins 10 11 and 14 Node Address The Node Address sets the network address node for the processor Each chip on a particular network must have a unique address Valid node addresses are in range 0 to 65 279 Group Address This option allows you to define the group address of the chip Multiple nodes on a network are allowed to share a common group address and groupcasting allows you to send a network packet simultaneously to all members of a particular group Valid group addresses are in range 0 to 254 Baud Rate The Baud Rate sets the network communication rate The maximum and default is 460 800 baud 13 OK
14. imum value for the string size Project Menu The Project Menu has choices that affect the project Chip opens the Chip Dialog Box with options to make common setup routines easier such as defining the initial states of I O pins The Files choice opens the Project Dialog Box which allows you to add or delete modules in the project Watch Window allows you to watch variables in a running BX 24 or BX 35 program Window Menu The Window menu allows you to specify how nested windows are displayed in the editor Choices are Cascade Tile Horizontal and Tile Vertical Edit Window The Edit Window is where the code for the module files are created and edited At the bottom of the edit window is the Status Bar zi Line 5 Col 14 INS Compiled OK Code 1027 bytes RAM 8 bytes PRS 2 bytes 7 Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Status Bar The Status Bar indicates the status of various elements of the system Panel 1 indicates the line and column number of the text cursor Panel 2 shows whether the text cursor is in insert INS or overlay OVR mode Panel 3 indicates whether errors or warnings were generated by the compiler Panel 4 shows whether or not the compile was successful If the compile was successful panel 4 displays the amount of EEPROM memory used by code the RAM allocated to static variables and the nonvolatile memory allocated to persistent variables abbreviated PRS If the compile was not successful a
15. m the project OK The OK button exits after saving any changes made within the Project Dialog Box 11 BX 01 Chip Dialog Box The Chip Dialog Box allows you to control BasicX chip options such as external RAM COM1 CON2 serial ports internal SPI SPI size and extended I O You can set network options such as baud rate and node group address You can also control the initial state of each I O pin note that some of these options can also be controlled by the BasicX program itself x BX 01 EI 170 Pins at Startup INP O14 INP 0 1 VET ao rrr MITT sai r rr MITT salv i a svt a ssiver rr ssier rr sav TT sasier rr svrrr Ea JE on e smi rm rj m za pp 28v F 2 IF i iv T T 25v FT TF 24wT T T z3lveF TF T 2wNIrr rrrio avr TT Extended 1 0 and RAM F Cache Serial Ports com1 COM2 r SPI code storage Intemal EEPROM 32758 r Network Settings Network enable Baud Rate Node Address Group Address External RAM The External RAM option configures BasicX to utilize the additional RAM of the RamSandwich External RAM requires pins 2 16 17 21 28 and 32 39 Cache The Cache option can be enabled when External RAM is utilized When checked it loads your program into memory where it will run faster 12 COM1 The COM1 option configures BasicX to utilize the built in COM1 device This disables the network COM1 requires pins 10 and 11 COM2 T
16. nternal bit patterns correspond to the actual addresses As an example the apparent address 1 corresponds to real address 65 535 amp HFFFF OBJ file These files contain the compiled object code for each subprogram The files are written to the lt Install gt Temp subdirectory where Install is where the BasicX exe program is installed Whenever a BasicX program is finished being compiled the OBJ files are no longer needed You can erase all the files in the Temp subdirectory whenever the compiler is done Warning you should not run 2 or more copies of the compiler at the same time This will cause the compilers to interfere with each other since all object files are written to a common directory 24 Command Line Operation The compiler and downloader may be invoked from a command line This is useful when you re using a third party editor for writing your BasicX code The syntax is as follows BasicX Project c d BasicX invokes the BasicX exe file If nothing follows this parameter the BasicX Environment will start without a project The pathname may also be required if the current directory is other than the installation directory Project optional the name of your BXP project file without the BXP extension You must set the starting directory to the location of this file If nothing follows this parameter the BasicX Environment will start with the specified project loaded into the editor C optional
17. parallel port The button is useful when changing components on the Developer Board Warning this button has no effect on power supplied externally through the Power Port on the Developer Board On BX 24 and BX 35 systems the Stop Processor Button halts the processor but has no effect on power Execute Button The Execute Button tells the BasicX program to boot up and start running This is indicated when the Status Bar says RUNNING The Execute Button has the same effect as physically releasing the Reset Switch on the Developer Board e Reset Processor Button The Reset Processor Button halts BasicX program This is indicated when the Status Bar says RESET The button has the same effect as physically pressing the Reset Switch on the Developer Board but the software button takes precedence over the physical switch 4 Download Program Button The Download Program Button loads a BXB file into the BasicX system e Clear Serial Window Button The Clear Serial Window Button clears the contents of the Status Window Downloader Menus File Menu The File Menu allows you to open BXB and PRF files or exit the BasicX Development Environment The BXB files are BasicX binary executables created by the compiler and PRF files contain additional information needed by the BXB file Open Download opens user specified BXB and PRF files After you open the files you use the Download button to load the program into the development system
18. pe into the status window is transmitted to the BasicX Note that for systems that use serial downloading the monitor port can be the same as the download port The program switches between the 2 modes automatically The Rescue function BX 24 and BX 35 only forces the processor to accept a new program see page 7 for more detail Progress Bar The Progress Bar displays the percentage of completion when downloading your program into the BasicX system Status Window The Status Window displays serial data received from the BasicX system as received by the monitor port on the PC This window also accepts input from the PC keyboard for serial transmission to the BasicX Warning the status window is intended for relatively simple communications with BasicX The window does not incorporate any handshaking protocol when it communicates with a BasicX serial port In practice this is not usually a problem unless the BasicX is sending data at a high rate and the PC is loaded down with other processing tasks In some cases the status window is able to detect communication errors such as overflow of its input buffer If an error is detected the message Serial Data Error Detected is displayed to the right of the Progress Bar Status Bar The Status Bar indicates the status of various elements of the system These include power on off processor state running reset and program size Title Bar The Title Bar indicates the BasicX Dev
19. rSize As Byte The BXM file contains this line serialport inputbuffer 400 18 FALSE 1 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Decoded values ModuleName serialport VariableName inputbuffer MemoryLocation 400 DataType Byte 18 IsPersistent False Dimensions 1 LowerBound 1 T UpperBound 1 32 LowerBound 2 8 0 UpperBound 2 8 0 MPX file This file contains information about module level variables in source code format The primary function of the MPX file is to provide information to a remote node on the network in order for the remote node to get read write access to static variables on the local node In the above serial port example the MPX file contains the following lines pertaining to array InputBuffer serialport inputbuffer data type Byte Public Const serialport inputbuffer As Integer 400 amp H190 Public Const serialport inputbuffer IsPersistent As Boolean False You can include the MPX file directly as a module in the remote program Whenever you change the local program the MPX file is updated automatically when you compile the program which means you can recompile the remote program to update it Note the address of each variable has a numerical range of 0 to 65 535 However the MPX file uses 16 bit signed integer types in which to store these numbers and addresses between 32 768 and 65 535 are actually represented as negative numbers in two s complement format The i
20. re BX 01 BX 24 and BX 35 this menu item is a duplicate of one in the downloader window The Environment choice opens a window below that allows you to control various environment settings Various editor settings are available in the Editor Options tab including tab width font size and font type Syntax highlighting is controlled by user selectable colors for code comments and string literals fletMedia Environment Window In the Project Options tab you can specify that changes are automatically written to disk whenever you compile a program Or you can have the compiler ask whether you want to save changes You can also specify the following 3 compiler settings Code optimizer This checkbox allows you to control whether the compiler optimizes the program Optimization generally reduces the size of a program Strict syntax rules This checkbox enforces various coding restrictions intended to make code easier to read and understand The restrictions affect for next loop counters numeric literals and bitwise logical operations See the language reference manual for more details Maximum string length This textbox allows you to specify the maximum allowable length of both variable length and fixed length strings The selectable range is 1 to 64 characters with a default of 16 characters Since all variable length strings require the same amount of storage you can reduce overall storage requirements by selecting an opt
21. variables to watch The lower window displays the current values of the selected variables The Watch Window periodically polls the BasicX processor to update each variable The combo box at the bottom of the window allows you to tailor the sample rate by selecting from sample periods ranging from 1 second to 5 seconds The Watch Window reads the BXM file which is generated whenever a program is compiled See the next section for details about the contents of the BXM file 17 Warning the Watch Window requires the BasicX processor s Com1 serial port in order to communicate The program should not use Com1 while the Watch Window is active and the monitor port should be closed Also anything that inteferes with serial communications such as turning off interrupts will interfere with the Watch Window The following variables and objects are not displayed in the watch window Local variables Persistent variables String variables Register objects Block data objects 18 Tutorial on using the Watch Window Procedure To illustrate the Watch Window we ll use the following program as an example The objective is to display the value of static variable i while the program is running Dim i As Integer Sub Main i l Do End If Call Delay 2 0 Loop End Sub To start the Watch window the first step is to open the editor and make sure BX 24 or BX 35 is selected in the Options Processor menu zx BasicX Editor
22. xSea8 EE Sonar SerialPort Loop Debug Print Distance CStr Distance PutByte _ Public Sub ReadSonar alue s Byte ByRef Distance s Single P byte of binary data Const TriggerPin s Byte 15 without translating i Const EchoPin s Byte 16 Const SpeedO0fSound As Single 340 0 m s tQueue OutputBuffer Dim EchoDelay As Single Trigger acoustic pulse Call PutPin TriggerPin bx utputHidgh g b Line 18 Co 8 INS Ok Compiled OK RAM 27 Bytes Code 1818 Bytes 4 Editor Window Title Bar and Tabs The Title Bar displays the project currently open The tabs and nested windows display the names of each module being edited File Menu The File Menu opens and saves project and module files Each BXP project file keeps track of the collection of modules that make up each program Edit Menu The Edit Menu allows various editing operations such as cut copy paste search and replace Right clicking the mouse also displays a popup menu with several editing options Compile Menu The Compile Menu has options for compiling and running the project Compile creates a BXB executable file Compile and Run creates the file downloads it to the BasicX and starts the program running Compile Status displays the status of the last compile including compiler error messages if any Options Menu In the Options menu the Processor choice allows you to select which BasicX system type to use Choices a
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