BROOKFIELD DIAL VISCOMETER Operating Instructions Manual
Contents
1. _ Spindle F Spindle Speed L Factor Dial reading x Factor Viscosity in cP mPass Example LVT Viscometer with 1 spindle at 6 rpm Dial Reading 75 Factor 10 75 x 10 750 cP mPaes Full scale viscosity range for any speed and spindle combination is equal to the factor x 100 Factor x 100 Full scale range Example LVT Viscometer with 1 spindle at 6 RPM Full Scale Range 10 x 100 1 000 cP Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 7 Manual No M 85 150 N898 1 3 Considerations for Making Measurements In taking viscosity measurements with the Dial Viscometer there are two considerations which pertain to the low viscosity limit of effective measurement 1 Viscosity measurements should be accepted within the equivalent Torque Range from 10 to 100 for any combination of spindle speed rotation 2 Viscosity measurements should be taken under laminar flow conditions not under turbulent flow conditions The first consideration has to do with the precision of the instrument All Dial Viscometers have a full scale range precision of 1 of any spindle speed rotation We discourage taking readings below 10 of range because the potential viscosity error of 1 is a relatively high number compared to the instrument reading The second consideration involves the mechanics of fluid flow All rheological measurements of fluid flow properties should be made under laminar flow conditions Laminar flow is flow wherein2. The higher the torque calibration the higher the measurement range The viscosity measurement range for each torque calibration may be found in Appendix B All units of measurement are calculated in units of centipoise cP by using a look up table known as the Brookfield Factor Finder to convert torque reading The equivalent units of measurement in the SI system are calculated using the following conversions SI CGS Viscosity 1 mPaes 1 cP mPaes milli Pascal second Torque 1 Newton m 107 dyne cm 1 1 Components 1 Dial Viscometer 2 Model A Laboratory Stand 3 Spindle Set with Case 4 spindles for LVF LVT 7 Spindles for RVF RVT HAT and HBT For Cone Plate versions a spindle wrench one cone spindle and a sample cup Part No CP 44Y replace the spindle set 4 Guard Leg LVF LVT RVF and RVT only 5 Carrying Case 6 Operating Instruction Manual 7 Factor Finder Please check to be sure that you have received all components and that there is no damage If you are missing any parts please notify Brookfield Engineering or your local Brookfield agent immedi ately Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 3 Manual No M 85 150 N898 1 2 Utilities Input Voltage 115 VAC or 230 VAC Input Frequency 50 or 60 Hz Power Consumption Less than 20 WATTS 1 3 Specifications Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 4 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Spee
3. all particle movement is in layers directed by the shearing force For rotational systems this means all fluid movement must be circumferential When the inertial forces on the fluid become too great the fluid can break into turbulent flow wherein the movement of fluid particles becomes random and the flow can not be analyzed with standard math models This turbulence creates a falsely high viscometer reading with the degree of non linear increase in reading being directly related to the degree of turbulence in the fluid For the following geometries we have found that an approximate transition point to turbulent flow occurs as follows 1 No 1 LV Spindle 15 cP at 60 RPM 2 No 1 RV Spindle 100 cP at 50 RPM 3 UL Adapter 0 85 cP at 60 RPM Turbulent conditions will exist in these situations whenever the RPM cP ratio exceeds the values listed above Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 8 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX A Cone Plate Viscometer Set Up The Wells Brookfield Dial Viscometer uses the same operating instruction procedures as described in this manual However the gap between the cone and the plate must be mechanically adjusted before measurements are made This is done by moving the plate built into the sample cup Part No CP 44Y up towards the cone until two small pins one in the cone the second mounted on the plate contact slightly and then by separating lowering the plate 0 0005inch 0 013mm Note t
4. Diagnosis and Troubleshooting 31 APPENDIX G Warranty Repair and Service eneen 33 I INTRODUCTION The Brookfield Dial Viscometer measures fluid viscosity at given shear rates Viscosity is a measure of a fluid s resistance to flow You will find a detailed description of the mathematics of viscosity in the Brookfield publication More Solutions to Sticky Problems a copy of which was included with your Dial Viscometer The Dial Viscometer rotates a sensing element in a fluid and measures the torque necessary to overcome the viscous resistance to the induced movement This is accomplished by driving the immersed element whichis called a spindle through a beryllium copper spring The degree to which the spring is wound indicated by the red pointer is proportional to the viscosity of the fluid The Viscometer is able to measure over a number of ranges since for a given spring deflection the actual viscosity 1s proportional to the spindle speed and is related to the spindle s size and shape For a material of given viscosity the resistance will be greater as the spindle size and or rotational speed increase The minimum viscosity range is obtained by using the largest spindle at the highest speed the maximum range by using the smallest spindle at the slowest speed There are four basic spring torque series offered by Brookfield Model Spring Torque Dyne cm LV 673 7 RV 7 187 0 HA 14 374 0 HB 57 496 0
5. Spindle SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 40 SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 40 RPM SEC 0 5 ml SAMPLE RPM SEC 0 5 ml SAMPLE 5 14 10 28 25 70 51 40 102 80 205 60 514 00 1 028 00 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 16 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Wells Brookfield Cone Plate Viscometer Full Scale Ranges HATCP Viscometer 3 0 Cone Spindle SHEAR RATE CONE CP 41 SEC SPEED RPM 245 76 491 52 1 228 80 2 457 60 4 915 20 9 830 40 24 576 00 49 152 00 1 565 Cone Spindle CONE CP 51 1 ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE SPEED RPM SHEAR RATE CONE CP 42 SEC 128 0 256 0 640 0 1 280 0 2 560 0 5 120 0 12 800 0 25 600 0 SPEED RPM SHEAR RATE CONE CP 40 SEC 0 5 ml SAMPLE 65 4 130 8 327 0 654 0 1 308 0 2 616 0 6 540 0 13 080 0 CONE CP 52 2ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE 1 966 0 3 932 0 9 830 0 19 660 0 39 320 0 78 640 0 196 600 0 393 200 0 1 024 0 2 048 0 5 120 0 10 240 0 20 480 0 40 960 0 102 400 0 204 800 0 0 8 Cone Spindle HBTCP Viscometer 3 0 Cone Spindle CONE CP 52 2ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE SPEED RPM SHEAR RATE CONE CP 41 SEC 983 0 1 966 0 4 915 0 9 830 0 19 660 0 39 320 0 98 300 0 196 600 0 1 565 Cone Spindle CONE CP 51 1 ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 42 RPM SEC 512 0 1 024 0 2 560 0 5 120 0 10 240 0 20 480 0 51 200 0 102 400 0 0 8 Cone Spindle SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP
6. stand base and retighten the jam nut as required Referring to the Viscometer bubble level adjust the leveling screws until the instrument is level Operation Rotate the Gear Screw to raise or lower the viscometer Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 30 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX F Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting Listed are some of the more common problems that you may encounter while using your Viscom eter Review these items before you contact Brookfield Spindle Does Not Rotate Make sure the viscometer is plugged in I Check the voltage rating on your viscometer 115V 220V it must match the wall voltage I Make sure the power switch is in the ON position L Make sure the speed set knob is set properly and securely at the desired speed Spindle Wobbles When Rotating or Looks Bent J Make sure the spindle is tightened securely to the viscometer coupling L Check the straightness of all other spindles replace them if bent L Inspect viscometer coupling and spindle coupling mating areas and threads for dirt clean threads on spindle coupling with a 3 56 inch left hand tap L Inspect threads for wear if the threads are worn the unit needs service see Appendix G L Check to see if spindles rotate eccentrically or wobble There is an allowable runout for 1 32 inch in each direction 1 16 inch total when measured from the bottom of the spindle rotat ing in air LI Check to see if the v
7. 1 000 2 000 000 4 000 8 000 000 29 2 000 4 000 000 8 000 16 000 000 N RPM Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 18 Manual No M 85 150 N898 UL Adapter Viscosity cP UL Shear Rate Spindle 1 SEC YULA 15 or 15Z 1 22N 1 0 2 000 6 4 2 000 12 8 2 000 51 2 2 000 ULA DIN Y 1 29N 1 9 3 812 12 2 5 000 24 4 5 000 97 6 5 000 N RPM Cone Plate Viscometer Spindle _ 1 SEC 6 540 13 080 26 2 52 400 24 576 49 152 98 4 196 600 12 800 25 600 51 2 102 400 102 400 204 800 409 6 819 200 196 600 393 200 786 4 1 572 800 N RPM Helipath with T Bar Spindles T Bar Viscosity cP LVF LVT Spindle 156 3 120 62 400 312 6 240 124 800 780 15 600 312 000 1 560 31 200 624 000 3 900 78 000 1 560 000 7 800 156 000 3 120 000 T B Viscosity cP Spindle RVF RVT 2 000 100 000 2 000 400 000 4 000 200 000 4 000 800 000 10 000 500 000 10 000 2 000 000 20 000 1 000 000 20 000 4 000 000 50 000 2 500 000 50 000 10 000 000 100 000 5 000 000 100 000 20 000 000 T Bar Viscosity cP HAT HBT Spindle 4 000 800 000 16 000 3 200 000 8 000 1 600 000 32 000 6 400 000 20 000 4 000 000 80 000 16 000 000 40 000 8 000 000 160 000 32 000 000 100 000 20 000 000 400 000 80 000 000 200 000 40 000 000 800 000 160 000 000 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 19 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX C Variables in Visc
8. 1 31 B210 210 B750 750 B1400 1 400 B2000 2 000 B11000 11 000 B20000 20 000 B80000 80 000 B200000 200 000 B420000 420 000 Interpretation of Calibration Test Results When verifying the calibration of the Viscometer the instrument and viscosity standard fluid error must be combined to calculate the total allowable error The Dial Viscometer is accurate to 1 of any full scale spindle speed viscosity range Brookfield Viscosity Standards Fluids are accurate to 1 of their stated value Example Calculate the acceptable range of viscosity using RVF with RV 3 Spindle at 2 RPM 1 2 3 4 Brookfield Standard Fluid 12 500 with a viscosity of 12 257 cP at 25 C Refer to the instructions on the FACTOR FINDER Calculate the full scale viscosity range by multiplying the spindle speed FACTOR by 100 Spindle RV 3 2 RPM FACTOR 500 Full scale viscosity range is 500 x 100 50 000 cP The viscosity is accurate to 500 cP which is 1 of 50 000 Note All spindle speed factors found on the FACTOR FINDER are equivalent to 1 of the spindle speed full scale viscosity range The viscosity standard fluid is 12 257 cP Its accuracy is 1 of 12 257 or 122 57 cP Total allowable error is 122 57 500 cP 622 57 cP Therefore any viscosity reading between 11 634 4 and 12 879 6 cP indicates that the viscom eter is operating correctly Any reading outside these limits may indicate a viscometer problem Contact the Brookf
9. 40 RPM SEC 0 5 ml SAMPLE 262 0 524 0 1 310 0 2 620 0 5 240 0 10 480 0 26 200 0 52 400 0 7 864 0 15 728 0 39 320 0 78 640 0 157 280 0 314 560 0 786 400 0 1 572 800 0 4 096 0 8 192 0 20 480 0 40 960 0 81 920 0 163 840 0 409 600 0 819 200 0 Viscometer Ranges in Centipoise 1 cP 1 mPaes Viscosity Dial Reading x Factor Factor Viscometer Range 100 Note When calibrating 2 4cm diameter cone spindles CP 51 or CP 52 at shear rates greater than 384 sec use Brookfield Viscosity Standards 5 000 cP or lower Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 17 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX B Viscosity Ranges LV Series Viscometers with Spindles 1 4 RV HA HB Series Viscometers with Spindles 1 7 Viscosity Range cP Maximum 100 000 2 000 000 2 000 000 8 000 000 16 000 000 64 000 000 Small Sample Adapter and Thermosel Viscosity cP SSA amp T Sel Shear Rate Spindle _ I SEC 16 18 20 000 400 000 500 10 000 25 80 000 1 600 000 31 5 000 100 000 34 10 000 200 000 SSA amp T Sel Shear Rate Viscosity cP Spindle 1 SEC 14 625 000 2 500 000 15 250 000 1 000 000 21 25 000 100 000 27 125 000 500 000 28 250 000 1 000 000 500 000 2 000 000 29 SSA amp T Sel Shear Rate Viscosity cP Spindle I SEC 14 15 2 500 5 000 000 10 000 20 000 000 1 000 2 000 000 4 000 8 000 000 21 100 200 000 400 800 000 27 500 1 000 000 2 000 4 000 000 28
10. BROOKFIELD DIAL VISCOMETER Operating Instructions Manual No M 85 150 N898 Please record the Model and Serial Number of your viscometer Having this information readily available will help us to assist you should there be any questions regarding your instrument Model No Serial No SPECIALISTS IN THE ER KEIELD MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF VISCOSITY BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES INC 11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro MA 02346 1031 USA TEL 508 946 6200 or 800 628 8139 USA excluding MA FAX 508 946 6262 INTERNET www brookfieldengineering com TABLE OF CONTENTS BR INTRODUCTION ternet a balast asa kka l n sauna ala 3 EL COmponentS eenean enna telat tice degen a i 3 1 2 UGES sasa aka 4 1 3 Specifications inne neee eeste eh 4 14 SA V PD insana l k 4 IL GETTING STARTED 1 005 kkans skla lagt ssiksllirsk dladiat svsrsksadate a 5 MT Opediolussoobossiuuluabusunoubho sklada 5 I 2 Viscometer Readings and Viscosity Calculations 5 1 3 Considerations for Making Measurements 8 APPENDIX A Cone Plate Viscometer Set Up scccecesascccicssiccancencsseceerectces 9 APPENDIX B Viscosity Ranges eerden te ede nere 18 APPENDIX C Variables in Viscosity Measurements 20 APPENDIX D Calibration Procedures aaaaaaaaasaasaasssssssssssssssasssasaa 22 APPENDIX E Models A amp A E Laboratory Stand With Parts Identification sssini 29 APPENDIXF Fault
11. T 60 000 50 30 000 HT 100 000 100 60 000 500 100 000 259C 93 3 C 149 C 1 000 Refer to Brookfield catalog for more information Brookfield Viscosity Standard Fluid General Information We recommend that Brookfield Viscosity Standard Fluids be replaced on an annual basis one year from date of initial use These fluids are pure silicone and are not subject to change over time However exposure to outside contaminants through normal use requires replacement on an annual basis Contamination may occur by the introduction of solvent standard of different viscosity or other foreign material Viscosity Standard Fluids may be stored under normal laboratory conditions Disposal should be in accordance with state local and federal regulations as specified on the material safety data sheet Brookfield Engineering Laboratories does not recertify Viscosity Standard Fluids We will issue duplicate copies of the Certificate of Calibration for any fluid within two years of the purchase date Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 22 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Brookfield Viscosity Standard Fluids are reusable provided they are not contaminated Normal practice for usage in a 600 ml beaker is to return the material from the beaker back into the bottle When using smaller volumes in accessories such as Small Sample Adapter UL Adapter or Thermosel the fluid is normally discarded Calibration Procedure for LV 1 4 and RV HA HB 1 7 Brookf
12. ase and discard the packing material Remove the jam nut from the upright rod Assembly Refer to Figure E1 Screw the leveling screws into the base Insert the threaded end of the upright rod into the hole in the top of the base and attach the jam nut to the rod on the underside of the base With the rod gear rack facing forward toward the V in the base gently tighten the jam nut Viscometer Mounting Loosen the Viscometer handle retaining nut if supplied and slide it down the power cord Slide the Viscometer handle if supplied toward the cord and remove it from the instrument Insert the Viscometer handle core into the hole with the cut away slot in the clamp assembly Adjust the instrument level until the bubble is centered from right to left and tighten the Clamp Screw clockwise Note The small clamp adjusting screw Figure E1 on the clamp assembly should be loosened or tightened as necessary to provide smooth height adjustment and adequate support for the Viscometer Explosion Proof Viscometers Remove the hex socket screw from the clamp assembly and separate the clamp Place the handle of the Viscometer against the clamp rod assembly and reinstall the clamp and hex socket screw Adjust the instrument level until the bubble is centered from right to left and tighten the Clamp Screw clockwise Caution Donottighten the clamp screw unless the handle core is inserted in the clamp assembly Center the Viscometer relative to the
13. c 1 9 Sin 0 Viscosity _ Shear Stress x 100 Centipoise mPass Shear Rate Where T Full Scale Torque dyne cm r Cone Radius cm Cone Speed rad sec Cone Angle degrees Cone Radius CP 40 CP 41 CP 42 2 4 cm CP 51 CP 52 1 2 cm Viscometer Spring Torque Model Series Dyne Centimeter 673 7 7 187 0 14 374 0 57 496 0 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 15 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Wells Brookfield Cone Plate Viscometer Full Scale Ranges LVTCP Viscometer RVTCP Viscometer 3 0 Cone Spindle 3 0 Cone Spindle SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 41 CONE CP 52 SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 41 CONE CP 52 RPM SEC 2ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE RPM SEC 2ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE 155 33 i j 122 88 983 0 310 66 245 76 1 966 0 716 64 614 40 4 915 0 1 553 30 1 228 80 9 830 0 3 106 60 2 457 60 19 660 0 6 213 10 4 915 20 39 320 0 15 532 80 12 288 00 98 300 0 31 065 60 24 576 00 196 600 0 1 565 Cone Spindle 1 565 Cone Spindle SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 42 CONE CP 51 SPEED SHEAR RATE CONE CP 42 CONE CP 51 1 ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE RPM SEC RPM SEC 1ml SAMPLE 0 5 ml SAMPLE 10 00 80 90 5 A 64 0 512 0 20 00 50 00 100 00 200 00 400 00 161 80 404 50 809 00 1 618 00 3 236 00 128 0 1 024 0 320 0 2 560 0 6 400 0 5 120 0 1 280 0 10 240 0 2 560 0 20 480 0 1 000 00 8 090 00 6 400 0 51 200 0 2 000 00 16 180 00 12 800 0 102 400 0 0 8 Cone Spindle 0 8 Cone
14. d RV series instruments includes the guard leg The beaker wall for HA HB instruments or the guard leg for LV RV instruments define what is called the outer boundary of the measurement The spindle factors for the LV RV and HA HB spindles were developed with the above boundary conditions The spindle factors are used to convert the instrument torque expressed as the dial reading or Torque value into centipoise Theoretically if measurements are made with different boundary conditions e g without the guard leg or in a container other than 600 ml beaker then the spindle factors found on the Factor Finder cannot be used to accurately calculate an absolute viscosity Changing the boundary conditions does not change the viscosity of the fluid but it does change how the instrument torque is converted to centipoise Without changing the spindle factor to suit the new boundary conditions the calculation from instrument torque to viscosity will be incorrect Practically speaking the guard leg has the greatest effect when used with the 1 amp 2 spindles of the LV and RV spindle sets Any other LV 3 amp 4 or RV 3 7 spindle can be used in a 600 ml beaker with or without the guard leg to produce correct results The HA and HB series Viscometers Rheometers are not supplied with guard legs in order to reduce the potential problems when measuring high viscosity materials HA HB spindles 3 through 7 are identical to those spindle numbers in
15. ds LVF 60 30 12 6 LVT 60 30 12 6 3 1 5 0 6 0 3 RVF 20 10 4 2 RVT 100 50 20 10 5 2 5 1 0 5 HAT 100 50 20 10 5 2 5 1 0 5 HBT 100 50 20 10 5 2 5 1 0 5 Accuracy 1 of Full Scale Range in use See Appendix D for details Repeatability 0 2 of Full Scale Range in use Weight Gross Weight 20 Ib 9 kg Net Weight 17 Ib 7 7 kg Carton Volume 1 65 cu ft 0 05 m3 Set Up 1 Assemble the laboratory stand Refer to Appendix E 2 Mount the Viscometer securely on a Brookfield laboratory stand On some Viscom eters itmay be necessary to unscrew the nut located at the point where the power cord enters the viscometer This permits the metal handle to be inserted into the laboratory stand clamp Note The position of the laboratory stand clamp assembly is important Refer to Appendix E for proper alignment and positioning of the clamp assembly Level the viscometer referring to the bubble level on the instrument If the viscometer cannot be leveled recheck the laboratory stand assembly as shown on Sheet 82 0330 supplied with Model A laboratory stand 3 Verify that the viscometer s power requirements match your power source before connecting it to power 4 For Cone Plate models refer to Appendix A ll GETTING STARTED ll 1 Operation The Brookfield Viscometer is powered by a precision synchronous motor Exact speeds of rotation are assured as the motor will turn erratically and spasmodically if sy
16. e amount varies per cone spindle refer to Appendix A Cone Plate Rheometer Set Up procedure Table A1 4 Attach sample cup to viscometer and allow approximately 15 minutes for temperature equilib rium 5 Measure the fluid s viscosity and record the viscometer readings both torque and cP 6 See Interpretation of Test Results shown below for calculation of total calibration tolerance instrument and fluid Notes 1 The spindle must rotate at least 5 times before a viscosity reading is taken 2 The use of Brookfield Viscosity Standard fluids in the range of 5 cP to 5000 cP is recommended for cone plate instruments Please contact Brookfield Engineering Laboratories or an authorized dealer if your calibration procedure requires more viscous standards 3 Select a viscosity standard fluid that will give viscosity readings between 10 and 100 of full scale range Refer to Appendix B for viscosity ranges of cone spindles Do not use a silicone viscosity standard fluid with a viscosity value greater than 5000 cP with a Cone Plate Viscometer Brookfield offers a complete range of mineral oil viscosity standards suitable for use with Cone Plate Viscometers as shown in TABLE D2 Consult with Brookfield or an authorized dealer to determine which fluid is appropriate Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 25 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Table D2 MINERAL OIL VISCOSITY STANDARD FLUIDS BEL Part No Viscosity cP 25 C B3
17. eived on purchase with as much information as possible to help expedite your service If you do not have this form please include a memo indicating the type of problem you are experi encing or the service you need performed Please also include a purchase order number for us to bill against Mark the outside of the shipping box with handling in structions for example Handle with Care or Fragile Delicate Instrument Figure G1 Foam Insert or kr Paper CONE PLATE TH J Figure G2 For cone plate instruments please remove the cone spindle and carefully pack in place in the shipping case If available use the original foam insert or roll up one sheet of tissue paper or similar and place between the spindle coupling and cup assembly see FigureG2 This will help prevent damage in shipping Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 33 Manual No M 85 150 N898 For repair or service in the ROUCHES ENEN return to Brookfield Engineering Labs Inc 11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro MA 02346 U S A Telephone 508 946 6200 FAX 508 946 6262 For repair or service KNCV AUNLI NIE consult Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc or the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument For repair or service in the RMS return to Brookfield Viscometers Limited 1 Whiteha
18. hat the Wells BrookfieldCone Plate Viscometer requires the use of a circulating temperature bath controlling temperature to within 0 1 C The bath is connected to the ports on the CP 44Y sample cup The following example assumes that the C P Viscometer is set up on the Model A laboratory stand and has been zeroed and leveled with no cone attached Cone CP 40 is used in the illustrations The water bath is on set at the same test temperature that you will use when measuring the viscosity of your sample and is connected to the sample cup Figure Al Allow enough time for the bath to reach the test temperature The Viscometer should be set at 10 or 12 rpm with motor OFF Adjustment Ring Bath Outlet Figure Al Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 9 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Remove the sample cup and attach the cone to the Viscometer Note left hand threads using the spindle wrench to hold the Viscometer shaft Figure A2 Note Lift up gently on the spindle wrench These Surfaces Must be Clean CG Spindle Wrench R Figure A2 Attach the sample cup and swing the clip under the cup to secure it in place Take care to avoid hitting the cone with the cup Figure A3 Note Do not add test sample during the gap setting procedure Do Not Hit the CONE with the CUP SS Figure A3 Start the Viscometer running at 10 or 12 rpm Readings of Torque dial reading will be utilized for setting
19. he lower shaft should be smooth and clean to prevent eccentric rotation of the spindle Spindles can be identified by the number on the side of the spindle nut All Brookfield Dial Reading Viscometers are provided with a clutch lever located at the back of the instrument Depressing the lever raises the dial against the pointer and holds the instrument s reading When the clutch is released the dial is lowered and the pointer will be freed Any of the controls on the Viscometer the motor switch speed change knob and clutch may be operated independently of the other 1 2 Viscometer Readings and Viscosity Calculations 1 Mount the guard leg if used spindle protector on the viscometer 2 Attach the spindle to the viscometer lower shaft by lifting the coupling screw slightly Hold it firmly with one hand while screwing the spindle on with the other note left hand thread Avoid putting side thrust on the shaft To avoid trapping air bubbles under the disc type spindles do the following before attaching the spindle Begin by immersing the spindle in a diagonal path slowly drag the spindle across the Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 5 Manual No M 85 150 N898 fluid surface and bring the spindle to an upright position and thread onto screw 3 Lower and center spindle in the test material 600 ml beaker until the meniscus of the fluid is at the center of the immersion groove on the spindle s shaft 4 To
20. ield Spindles 2 3 4 5 6 7 Place the viscosity standard fluid in the proper container into the water bath Lower the Viscometer into measurement position with guard leg if LV or RV series Viscometer is used Attach the spindle to the Viscometer If you are using a disk shaped spindle avoid trapping air bubbles beneath the disk by first immersing the spindle at an angle and then connecting it to the Viscometer The viscosity standard fluid together with the spindle should be immersed in the bath for a minimum of hour stirring the fluid periodically prior to taking measurements After 1 hour check the temperature of the viscosity standard fluid with an accurate thermometer If the fluid is at test temperature 0 1 C of the specified temperature normally 25 C measure the viscosity and record the Viscometer reading Note The spindle must rotate at least five 5 times before readings are taken The viscosity reading should equal the cP value on the fluid standard to within the combined accuracies of the Viscometer and the viscosity standard as discussed in the section entitled Interpretation of Calibration Test Results which appears later in this section Calibration Procedure for a Small Sample Adapter When a Small Sample Adapter is used the water jacket is connected to the water bath and the water is stabilized at the proper temperature 1 2 3 4 5 Put the proper a
21. ield technical sales department or your local Brookfield dealer distributor with test results to determine the nature of the problem Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 26 Manual No M 85 150 N898 The Brookfield Guardleg The guard leg was originally designed to protect the spindle during use The first applications of the Brookfield Viscometer included hand held operation while measuring fluids in a 55 gallon drum Itis clear that under those conditions the potential for damage to the spindle was great Original construction included a sleeve that protected the spindle from side impact Early RV guard legs attached to the dial housing and LV guard legs attached to the bottom of the pivot cup with a twist and lock mechanism The current guard leg is a band of metal in the shape of the letter U with a bracket at the top that attaches to the pivot cup of a Brookfield Viscometer Rheometer Because it must attach to the pivot cup the guard leg cannot be used with a Cone Plate instrument A guard leg is supplied with all LV and RV series instruments but not with the HA or HB series It s shape shown in Figure I is designed to accommodate the spindles of the appropriate spindle set therefore the RV guard leg is wider than the LV due to the large diameter of the RV 1 spindle They are not interchangeable The calibration of the Brookfield Viscometer Rheometer is determined using a 600 ml Low Form Griffin Beaker The calibration of LV an
22. iscometer 3 Lower the DV II into measurement position Operate the viscometer at 50 or 60 RPM until the chamber is fully flooded Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 24 Manual No M 85 150 N898 4 The viscosity standard fluid together with the spindle should be immersed in the bath for a minimum of 1 hour stirring the fluid periodically operate at 50 or 60 RPM periodically prior to taking measurements 5 After 1 hour check the temperature of the viscosity standard fluid with an accurate thermometer 6 If the fluid is at test temperature 0 1 C of the specified temperature normally 25 C measure the viscosity and record the viscometer reading Note The spindle must rotate at least five 5 times for one minute whichever is greater before readings are taken 7 The viscosity reading should equal the cP value on the viscosity fluid standard to within the combined accuracies of the viscometer and the standard as discussed in the section entitled Interpretation of Calibration Test Results Calibration Procedure using Cone Plate Viscometer 1 Ensure that the circulating bath used maintains the stated calibration temperature to within EOC 2 The attachment of the cone spindle and sample cup and the gap setting between the cone and cup must be accomplished by following Cone Plate Rheometer Set Up Procedure see Appendix A 3 Put the proper amount of viscosity standard fluid into the sample cup Th
23. iscometer coupling is bent if so the unit is in need of service If you are continuing to experience problems with your viscometer follow this troubleshooting section to help isolate the potential problem Perform an Oscillation Check J Remove the spindle and turn the motor OFF J Gently push up on the viscometer coupling J Turn the coupling until the red pointer reaches 15 20 on the dial J Gently let go of the coupling J Watch the pointer swing freely and rest on zero If the pointer sticks and or does not rest at zero the unit is need of service See Appendix G for details on how to return your viscometer Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 31 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Inaccurate Readings L Verify spindle speed and model selection L Verify test parameters temperature container volume method Refer to e More Solutions to Sticky Problems Section II 2a Considerations for Making Measurements e Dial Viscometer Operating Manual Appendix B Viscosity Ranges e Dial Viscometer Operating Manual Appendix C Variables in Viscosity Measure ment J Perform a calibration check Follow the instructions in Appendix D e Verify tolerances are calculated correctly e Verify calibration check procedures were followed exactly If the unit is found to be out of tolerance the unit may be in need of service See Appendix G for details on how to return your viscometer Brookfield Engineering Labora
24. ll Estate Flex Meadow Pinnacles West Harlow Essex CM19 5TJ United Kingdom Telephone 44 27 945 1774 FAX 44 27 945 1775 For repair or service in f une return to Brookfield Engineering Labs Vertriebs Att Kurt Kaiser Barbarossastrasse 3 D 73547 Lorch Germany Telephone 7172 927100 FAX 7172 927105 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 34 Manual No M 85 150 N898
25. make a viscosity measurement turn the motor switch ON This energizes the viscometer drive motor Allow time for the indicated reading to stabilize The time required for stabilization will depend on the speed at which the viscometer is running and the characteristics of the sample fluid When making a viscosity measurement the reading should be noted and multiplied by the factor appropriate to the viscometer model spindle speed combination being used Refer to the table below or to the FACTOR FINDER for calculating viscosity For maximum accuracy readings below 10 0 torque dial reading should be avoided 5 Turn the viscometer motor switch OFF when changing a spindle changing samples etc Remove spindle before cleaning 6 The interpretation of results and the instrument s use with non Newtonian and thixotropic materials is discussed in the booklet More Solutions to Sticky Problems and in Appendix C The following table applies to Brookfield Viscometer Models LV RV HA and HB with standard spindles Itenables the user to convert to percent scale reading into a viscosity value in units of centipoise To convert the viscometer dial reading to a viscosity value in units of centipoise multiply the reading noted on dial viscometer by the appropriate factor in the following tables LV Viscometer _ Spindle H Spindle Speed _ Factor Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 6 Manual No M 85 150 N898
26. mount of viscosity standard fluid into the sample chamber The amount varies with each spindle chamber combination Refer to the Small Sample Adapter instruction manual Place the sample chamber into the water jacket Put the spindle into the test fluid and attach the extension link coupling nut and free hanging spindle or directly attach the solid shaft spindle to the Viscometer Allow 30 minutes for the viscosity standard sample chamber and spindle to reach test temperature Measure the viscosity and record the Viscometer reading Note The spindle must rotate at least five 5 times before a viscosity reading is taken Calibration Procedure for a Thermosel System When a Thermosel System is used the controller stabilizes the Thermo Container at the test temperature Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 23 Manual No M 85 150 N898 1 2 3 4 5 Put the proper amount of HT viscosity standard fluid into the HT 2 sample chamber The amount varies with the spindle used Refer to the Thermosel instruction manual Place the sample chamber into the Thermo Container Put the spindle into the test fluid and attach the extension link coupling nut and free hanging spindle or directly attach the solid shaft spindle to the DV II Allow 30 minutes for the viscosity standard sample chamber and spindle to reach test temperature Measure the viscosity and record the Viscometer reading Note The spindle mus
27. nc Page 11 Manual No M 85 150 N898 When you are satisfied the pins are just hitting by observing acceptable readings make a pencil mark on the adjustment ring directly under the index mark on the pivot housing Figure A6 Index Mark Adjustment Ring Make a Pencil Mark Directly Under the Index Mark Figure A6 Turn the adjustment ring to the left clockwise as you look down on the instrument exactly the width of one division from the pencil mark you have just made This will separate the pins by 0 0005 0 013 mm This is a very important step because if it is not done the pins may touch constantly and may cause wear and damage to the cone cup and instrument The Viscometer is now mechanically set and ready for sample measurement Figure A7 Index Mark Adjustment Ring One Scale Division Turn Adjustment Ring Clockwise a Distance Equal to One Scale Division Figure A7 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 12 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Each of the five available cones has a specific sample volume as shown in Table Al Note that the correct amount of sample fluid should cover the cone face and back up over the edge less than 1mm as shown in Figure A8 Figure A8 Notes a The cup may be removed without resetting the gap b Remove the spindle from the viscometer when you clean it c Refind the hit point every time the spindle is attached Table Al Cone Sample V
28. nchronization cannot be maintained Speed changes are affected by a gear train having either four or eight speeds Maximum speed RPM will be set at full clockwise rotation and minimum speed at full counter clockwise rotation Although not absolutely necessary it is advisable to change speeds while the motor is running Four speed Viscometers have a square speed control knob with one number shown on each of four faces The instrument s rotational speed is indicated by the number facing up Eight speed models have a square speed control knob with two numbers on each face by moving the knob through two complete turns speeds may be changed in sequence No trouble will be experienced in differenti ating between the two speeds shown on each face since each pair is in the ratio of 20 1 To insure rotation at the indicated speed itis important that the face of the knob upon which this speed is shown be closely parallel to the viscometer s dial LV Viscometers are provided with a set of four spindles and a narrow guard leg RV Viscometers come with a set of seven spindles and a wider guard leg HA and HB Viscometers come with a set of seven spindles and no guard leg The spindles are attached to the viscometer by screwing them to the lower shaft Note that the spindles have a left hand thread The lower shaft should be held in one hand and lifted up The spindle should be screwed to the left The face of the spindle nut and the matching surface on t
29. olume Cone Angle CP 40 0 5 ml 0 8 CP 41 2 0 ml 3 02 CP 42 1 0 ml 1 565 CP 51 0 5 ml CP 52 0 5 ml Calibration Procedure using Cone Plate Viscometer 1 Ensure that the circulating bath used maintains the stated calibration temperature to within EOL 2 The attachment of the cone spindle and sample cup and the gap setting between the cone and cup must be accomplished by following Cone Plate Rheometer Set Up Procedure 3 Put the proper amount of viscosity standard fluid into the sample cup The amount varies per cone spindle refer to Table A1 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 13 Manual No M 85 150 N898 4 Attach sample cup to viscometer and allow approximately 15 minutes for temperature equilib rium 5 Measure the fluid s viscosity and record the viscometer readings both torque and cP 6 See Interpretation of Test Results shown below for calculation of total calibration tolerance instrument and fluid Notes 1 The spindle must rotate at least 5 times before a viscosity reading is taken 2 The use of Brookfield Viscosity Standard fluids in the range of 5 cP to 5000 cP is recommended for cone plate instruments Please contact Brookfield Engineering Laboratories or an authorized dealer if your calibration procedure requires more viscous standards 3 Select a viscosity standard fluid that will give viscosity readings between 10 and 100 of full scale range Refer to Appendix B fo
30. osity Measurements As with any instrument measurement there are variables that can affect a viscometer measurement These variables may be related to the instrument viscometer or the test fluid Variables related to the test fluid deal with the rheological properties of the fluid while instrument variables would include the viscometer design and the spindle geometry system utilized Rheological Properties Fluids have different rheological characteristics that can be described by viscometer measurements We can then work with these fluids to suit our lab or process conditions There are two categories of fluids Newtonian These fluids have the same viscosity at different Shear Rates different RPM s and are called Newtonian over the Shear Rate range they are measured Non Newtonian These fluids have different viscosities at different shear rates different RPM s They fall into two groups 1 Time Independent non Newtonian 2 Time Dependent non Newtonian The time dependency is the time they are held at a given Shear Rate RPM They are non Newtonian and when you change the viscometer spindle speed you get a different viscosity Time Independent Pseudoplastic A pseudoplastic material displays a decrease in viscosity with an increase in shear rate and is also known as shear thinning If you take viscometer readings from a low to a high RPM and then back to the low RPM and the readings fall upon themselves the ma
31. r viscosity ranges of cone spindles Do not use a silicone viscosity standard fluid with a viscosity value greater than 5000 cP with a Cone Plate Viscometer Brookfield offers a complete range of mineral oil viscosity standards suitable for use with Cone Plate Viscometers as shown in Table D2 Appendix D Consult with Brookfield or an authorized dealer to determine which fluid is appropriate Mathematics of Cone Plate Geometry Cone and Plate geometry as illustrated in Figure A9 is the fixation of a conical vertex perpen dicular to and in point contact with a flat plate When the cone is made very obtuse 9 less than 4 and rotated at constant speed precise viscosity measurements are obtained at absolute and uniform values of shearing rate and stress Viscosity in poise is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate Shear stress is related to the summa tion of torque T over the conical surface Shear rate is related to the cone rotational speed and gap width C at any radial distance r from the center of the rotating cone Figure A9 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 14 Manual No M 85 150 N898 The ratio of wr and C is a constant for any value of r Since C is a maximum at cone radius r the shear rate is related to and sin 6 For the Wells Brookfield Cone Plate Viscometer the mathematical relationships are T Shear Stress dynes cm ay 2 3 x r3 Shear Rate se
32. s are not those specified by Brookfield The guard leg is a part of the calibration check of the Brookfield LV and RV series Viscometer Rheometer Our customers should be aware of its existence its purpose and the effect that it may have on data With this knowledge the viscometer user may make modifications to the recommended method of operation to suit their needs Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 27 Manual No M 85 150 N898 RV Guardleg LV Guardleg Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 28 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX E Models A amp A E Laboratory Stand with Parts Identification Clamp Screw VS 26Y Upright Rod VS 20 Model A Clamp Assembly Part No VS 24Y Clamp Adjusting Screw 50S103208S25B Clamp Assembly VS 24Y Hex Socket Screw 50S252024E140 Washer BLM 50 Clamp Screw S VS 6AY gt Gear Screw VS 7Y Model A E Clamp Assembly Part No VS 17AY for explosion proof Viscometers f Base VS 1 4 Leveling Screw VS 3 Jam Nut VS 21 Figure E1 Unpacking Check carefully to see that all the components are received with no concealed damage 1 base 1 jam nut 3 leveling screws 1 clamp assembly 1 upright rod Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 29 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Remove the three 3 leveling screws from the b
33. t rotate at least five 5 times before a viscosity reading is taken Calibration Procedure using UL or DIN UL Adapters When a UL or DIN UL Adapter is used the water bath is stabilized at the proper temperature 1 2 3 4 5 6 Put the proper amount of viscosity standard fluid into the UL Tube Refer to the UL Adapter instruction manual Attach the spindle with extension link and coupling nut onto the Viscometer Attach the tube to the mounting channel Lower the tube into the water bath reservoir or if using the ULA 40Y water jacket connect the inlet outlets to the bath external circulating pump Allow 30 minutes for the viscosity standard sample chamber and spindle to reach test temperature Measure the viscosity and record the Viscometer reading Note The spindle must rotate at least five 5 times before a viscosity reading is taken Calibration Procedure using a Helipath Stand and T Bar Spindles When a Helipath Stand and T Bar spindles are used Remove the T bar spindle and select a standard LV 1 4 or RV HA HB 1 7 spindle Follow the procedures for LV 1 4 and RV HA HB 1 7 Brookfield spindles outlined above T Bar spindles should not be used for verifying calibration of the Viscometer Calibration Procedure for Spiral Adapter 1 Place the viscosity standard fluid in the proper container into the water bath 2 Attach the spindle to the viscometer Attach chamber SA 1Y and clamp to the v
34. terial is time independent pseudoplastic and shear thinning Time Dependent Thixotropic A thixotropic material has decreasing viscosity under constant shear rate If you set a viscometer at a constant speed recording cP values over time and find that the cP values decrease with time the material is thixotropic Brookfield publication More Solutions to Sticky Problems includes a more detailed discussion of rheological properties and non Newtonian behavior Viscometer Related Variables Most fluid viscosities are found to be non Newtonian They are Shear Rate dependent on the measurement conditions The specifications of the viscometer spindle and chamber geometry will affect the viscosity readings If one reading is taken at 2 5 rpm and a second at 50 rpm the two cP values produced will be different because the readings were made at different shear rates The faster the spindle speed the higher the shear rate The shear rate of a given measurement is determined by the rotational speed of the spindle the size and shape of the spindle the size and shape of the container used and therefore the distance between the container wall and the spindle surface Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 20 Manual No M 85 150 N898 A repeatable viscosity test should control or specify the following 1 Test temperature 2 Sample container size or spindle chamber geometry 3 Sample volume 4 Viscometer model 5 Spindle
35. the RV spindle set The HA HB 1 amp 2 have slightly different dimensions than the corresponding RV spindles This dimensional difference allows the factors between the RV and HA HB 1 amp 2 spindles to follow the same ratios as the instrument torque even though the boundary conditions are different The recommended procedures of using a 600 ml beaker and the guard leg are difficult for some customers to follow The guard leg is one more item to clean In some applications the 500 ml of test fluid required to immerse the spindles in a 600 ml beaker is not available In practice a smaller vessel may be used and the guard leg is removed The Brookfield Viscometer Rheometer will produce an accurate and repeatable torque reading under any measurement circumstance However the conversion of this torque reading to centipoise will only be correct if the factor used was developed for those specific conditions Brookfield has outlined a method for recalibrating a Brookfield Viscometer Rheometer to any measure ment circumstance in More Solutions to Sticky Problems Section 3 3 10 Itis important to note that for many viscometer users the true viscosity is not as important as a repeatable day to day value This repeatable value can be obtained without any special effort for any measurement circumstance But it should be known that this type of torque reading will not convert into a correct centipoise value when using a Brookfield factor if the boundary condition
36. the cone plate gap If the display reading jumps to 0 4 of scale or higher or will not settle to zero indicating that the pins on the cone and cup are hitting unscrew the adjustment ring by turning it to the left clockwise as you look down on the instrument until the reading settles at 0 0 Figure A4 Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 10 Manual No M 85 150 N898 Index Mark Adjustment Ring C Turn Adjustment Ring Clockwise Until the Torque Display is Stable at 0 0 Figure A4 Turn the adjustment ring to the right counterclockwise as you look down on the instrument in small increments one or two divisions of the ring while watching the Viscometer display Figure A5 Remember that you are trying to raise the cup so that the pin in the cone touches the pin in the cup Once you have found this hit point you can back off to create the desired gap between cone and cup You must wait at least 6 seconds between movements of the ring Turn the adjustment ring until the display reading jumps from 0 0 to 0 5 HA and HB models or from 0 0 to 0 6 RV models or 0 0 to 1 0 LV models This is the HIT POINT The cup may have to be adjusted up and down several times before this deflection is satisfactorily reached The LV series Viscometer will be the most sensitive Index Mark Adjustment Ring C Turn Adjustment Ring Counterclockwise in Small Increments Figure AS Brookfield Engineering Laboratories I
37. tories Inc Page 32 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX G Warranty Repair and Service Warranty Brookfield Viscometers are guaranteed for one year from date of purchase against defects in materials and workmanship The Viscometer must be returned to Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc or the Brookfield dealer from whom it was purchased for no charge warranty evaluation service Transportation is at the purchaser s expense The Viscometer should be shipped in its carrying case together with all spindles originally provided with the instrument as shown below J J Remove and return all spindles properly packed for shipping Clean excess testing material off the instrument Include MSDS sheets for all materials tested with this instrument Support pointer shaft with rubber band as shown in Fig ure G1 Pack the instrument in its original case Cases are avail able for immediate shipment from Brookfield If the case 1s not available take care to wrap the instrument with enough material to support it Avoid using foam peanuts or shredded paper DO NOT send the laboratory stand unless there is a prob lem with the upright rod clamp or base If there is a problem with the stand remove the upright rod from the base and individually wrap each item to avoid contact with the instrument Do not put lab stand in viscometer carrying case Hill out the Viscometer Information Sheet included with the information packet you rec
38. used if using LV 1 4 or RV 1 7 attach the guard leg 6 Test speed or speeds or the shear rate 7 Length of time or number of spindle revolutions to record viscosity Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc Page 21 Manual No M 85 150 N898 APPENDIX D Calibration Procedures The accuracy of the Dial Viscometer is verified using viscosity standard fluids which are available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories or your local Brookfield agent Viscosity standards are Newtonian and therefore have the same viscosity regardless of spindle speed or shear rate Viscosity standards calibrated at 25 C are shown in Table D1 Container size For Viscosity Standards lt 30 000 cP use a 600 ml Low Form Griffin Beaker having a working volume of 500 ml For Viscosity Standards 230 000 cP use the fluid container Inside Diameter 3 25 8 25cm Height 4 75 12 1cm Note Container may be larger but may not be smaller Temperature As stated on the fluid standard label 0 1 C Conditions The Viscometer should be set according to the operating instructions The water bath should be stabilized at test temperature Viscometers with the letters LV or RV in the model designation should have the guard leg attached Table D1 Silicone Viscosity Standard Fluids Normal 25 C Standard Fluids High Temperature Standard Fluids Viscosity cP Viscosity cP Three Viscosity Temperatures 5 5 000 HT 30 000 10 12 500 H
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