Operating Instructions
Contents
1. Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA New weight exp ok Free432 Calibrate weight mg 499 77 Min 490 00 Max 510 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Calibration weight mg The precise weight of the calibration stirrup has to be entered using the Duo soft keys now as signed with digits Therefore the corresponding digit has to be se lected and changed via soft key The digits can be incremented or decremented using or In this case the last digit was changed into 7 according to the precise weight of the stirrup 499 77 mg With J calibration is started After the calibration starts with the following message New weight exp ok Free432 Calibrating in progress Calibrating in progress This message appears while the calibration pro cedure is running Do not disturb or interrupt this process Prevent system from vibrations Calibration successful This message appears once after finishing the calibration procedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Calibration can be interrupted using H The calibration weight is removed from the TD 1C 4 2 5 Performing a weight measurement A weight measurement is performed in the following steps 1 The probe to be measure in to the holder attached or attached directly to the hook of the measuring 2 Ifall preparations2. Vellinger and Radulesco World Petroleum Congress London p 407 1933 Von Fochs Wilson and Ediund Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed 13 306 1941 W D Harkins T F Young and L H Cheng Science 64 33 1926 W D Harkins and H F Jordan J Am Chem Soc 52 1751 1930 B B Freud and H Z Freud ibid 52 1772 1930 12 S Sudgen The Parachor and Valency A A Knopf pp 215 216 1930 Nk Adam The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces 3rd Ed Oxford Univ Press London p 370 1941 14 A Vogel J Chem Soc 133 1946 Cantor Wied Ann 47 399 1892 Lohnstein Ann Physik 25 815 1908 Lenard ibid 74 395 1924 Tichanowsky Physik Zeit 25 300 1924 26 523 1925 MacDougall Science N S 62 290 1955 P L Du Nouy J Gen Physioi New York 1 p 521 1919 H Zuidema and C M Waters Ind Eng Chem Analyt 13 p 312 1941 H W Fox and C H Chrisman J Phys Chem 56 p 284 1952 B Hartmann Ann Phys 64 p 24 1949 R Finzel PTB Bericht IB 4 p 89 1976 H R Baker and W A Zisman Ind Eng Chem 40 2338 1948 Egon Matkijevic Surface and Colloid Science ISBN 471576301 Pub Wiley Interscience Division of John Wiiey Sons Drew Meyers Surfactant Science and Technology VCH Publisher ISBN 0895733390 VCH Verlagsgem ISBN 352726695X L Wilhelmy Ann Physik 119 117 1864 J F Padday Dr R Russel J Colloid Sci 15 50
3. Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 2 4 4 Sub Menu Experiment View TD1C ok Free432 Experiment new Density Experiment view Settings Ring Tools Weight ABOUT HELP After selecting Experiment view by cursor the results of experiments of the different modes can be displayed 2 4 5 Sub Menu Settings TD1C ok Free432 Experiment new Experiment view Clock Settings Display brightness Tools Display contrast Language Acoustic signal Date view format ABOUT HELP Calendar A date can be entered or modified Clock A time can be entered or modified Display brightness can be modified in 8 levels Display contrast can be modified in 8 levels Language English or German language can be selected Acoustic signal Loudness can be adjusted in 4 steps Date view format DD MM YY or MM DD YY can be selected 13 LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C 2 4 6 Sub Menu Tools Self test TD 1C ok Free432 Results of the self test always performed after switching on is displayed showing system infor Experiment new Selftest mation and the status CPU and RAMs Experiment view Keyboard test Keyboard teat i Data memory clean Settings y Is a functional test of all keys of the COMMAND on module Data memory clean To
4. a knob In case of ring method the mechanism allows for automatic detection of the maximum force In case of plate the sample table has to be brought into first contact of the plate with the sample and stopped The surface tension values appear immediately including all corrections on the high resolving screen of the COMMAND and can be stored or printed out buy pushing a buttton The measure ment of this force requires an extremely sensitive force cell which is the core element of the TD 1C LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C Displacement free force measurement is achieved by electro magnetic compensation of the force transmit ted by the test body to a measuring beam The current required to do this is directly proportional to the force The value obtained by current voltage conversion is shown in a table of the COMMAND LCD screen De termination of the weighing beam position is achieved by an optoelectronic detector In addition up to 500 results can be stored within the internal memory of the COMMAND unit and printed out immediately or later 2 Components and Installation 2 1 Measuring stand The measuring stand is equipped with a high resolution load cell and an sample stage smoothly movable by an adjusting knob The easily accessible sample chamber allows the use of standard sample beakers up to 8 cm in diameter including temperable sample vessels Load Cell Du No y Ring Movable stage with sample beaker Ad
5. and the liquid film on the plate shows no visible non uniformities 3 2 Using the ring Unlike in the case of the plate measurement with the ring does not show a direct proportionality between measured force and surface interface tension because of the lamella drawn up with the ring the measure ment includes a weight in addition to the surface tension Further information on ring measurement and its correction can be found in the following publications Du No y P L J Gen Physiol New York 1 1919 S 521 Harkins M Jordan H J Am Soc 52 1930 S I 751 Zuidema H Waters C W Ind Eng Chem Analyt 13 1941 S 312 Fox H W Chrisman C H J phys Chem 56 1952 S 284 In addition reference should be made to the literature reference section attached Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 3 2 1 Checking and Setting ring parameters MENU gt Experiment new gt Ring New ring exp ok Free432 Measuring parameters Tare Calibrate R 9 55mm r 0 20 mm MENU HELP R The exact radius of the horizontal ring has to be entered Here the default value according DIN 53914 is shown which is appropriate to the ac cessory ring It can be adjusted to the real di mensions between 9 00 and 9 99 mm in case of deviations or a ring with other dimensions is used r The exact radius diameter 2 of the wire has to be entered Her
6. back via MENU 4 Measuring density and weight 4 1 Density measurement 4 1 1 Setting of parameters MENU gt Experiment new gt Density opens the following Measuring Parameter menu where the conditions for the test have to be specified Free432 New density exp ok Meas parameter Tare Calibrate Exp ID 815 MENU HELP Exp ID A numerical value 0 999 can be assigned by using soft keys to characterize the sample 26 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 4 1 2 Preparation of measurement The following preparation is required for this measurement 1 The dry and clean accessory plunger is attached to the hook of the measuring system 2 Select a sample beaker or bottle which is deep enough that the plunger can be submerged completely into sample or pure water in case of calibration without touching the bottom 3 The table is moved down as far as possible using adjusting knob 4 The test glass filled with sample or water is placed onto the table without touching the plunger 4 1 3 Taring The nl naer weiaht has to he tared in air orior to the first New density exp ok Free432 Measuring parameters Stable Unstable Calibrate Very unstable MENU HELP Stable Has to be selected if the surrounding is very stable and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Very Unstable Has
7. displayed in the result win dow This result can be printed via the external printer using the appropriate Soft Keys Al ternatively the data can be stored in the internal memory 30 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 4 2 Weight measurement 4 2 1 Setting of parameters MENU gt Experiment new gt Weight opens the following Measuring Parameter menu where the conditions for the test have to be specified Exp ID New weight exp ok Free432 A numerical value 0 999 can be assigned by Meas parameter Exp ID 815 using soft keys to characterize the sample Tare Calibrate MENU HELP 4 2 2 Preparation of measurement The following preparation is required for this measurement 1 The table is moved down far enough to mount the holder for the material to be measured at the hook 2 The actual weight of the hook together with the holder has to be tared 4 2 3 Taring Taring has to be done prior to the first measurement using the function Tare in the New weight exp menu Stable New weight exp ok Free432 Has to be selected if the surrounding is very sta Measuring parameters Stable ble and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Calibrate Unstable Very Unstable Very unstable S Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility
8. to avoid damage it is important not to heat to white heat or for prolonged periods 6 2 2 Test glasses and glass body Prior to the first time use wetted glass parts should be cleaned with chromic sulfuric acid and then rinsed with Bl distilled water until a neutral reaction is obtained N DANGER Chromic sulfuric acid is highly corrosive The following safety recommendations should be observed 1 Never work without goggles 2 Always avoid contact with the skin gloves 3 Avoid breathing the fumes always work in a fume cupboard In addition observe the appropriate regu lations for disposal For cleaning in between measurements it is usually sufficient to rinse with pure ethanol or acetone or to use a special glass cleaner It is very important that any residue of the cleaning agent is completed removed by rinsing in distilled water It is essential to avoid accelerated drying by use of volatile solvents such as etha nol acetone etc 36 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 6 3 Literature references 0 4 OD OD d OO P GO M ch 13 Bartell and Miller J Am Chem Soc 50 1961 7 Harkins Brown and Davies Ibid 39 357 1917 Laprince Ringuet Pub aci tech ministere air France No 52 1934 Lawrence Science of Petroleum Vol Il pp 1369 74 Oxford University Press 1938 Trillat and Laprince compi rend 196 124 16 1933 Vellinger Petroleum Z 31 No 34 17 21 1935
9. to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Un stable is not possible because of outer conditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position New density exp ok Free432 Taring in progress Taring in progress This message appears during the calibration Do not disturb this process Prevent system from vibrations Taring successful This message appears once the calibration proce dure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Taring can be interrupted using 4 1 4 Calibrating A calibration check should be done before the first measurements and always if the measuring probe is changed This has to be done using distilled water as reference liquid 1 The plunger is fully immersed in the distilled water by moving the table up using adjusting knob 27 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C New density exp ok Free432 Tare Calibrate Measuring parameters Stable Unstable Very unstable Stable Has to be selected ifthe surrounding is very sta ble and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Very Unstable Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note th
10. will increase until amaximum is reached The passing the maximum and the detection of it is marked by a been The movement has to be stopped if possible before detachment of lamella 0 The surface tension calculated from the measured maximum force is displayed and can be stored or printed out The correction factor for the ring is calculated by the COMMAND software according to Zuidema amp Wa ters 23 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C 3 3 The display of measured surface interface tensions 3 3 1 Plate measurement Before plate touches the sample New plate exp 0 mg Free432 After touching the liquid New plate exp 932 mg Free432 MENU NEW SAVE PRINT mN m here the surface tension calculated from the actual measured force is displayed Please note This value corresponds to the real surface tension of sample if the plate just touches the surface without dipping in and if the plate is perfectly wetted Note take sure by thoroughly cleaning that wetting of plate is optimum To get the static equilibrated sur face interface tension it has to be waited until this value will become stable This result at each time can be saved using SAVE into internal storage or printed out us ing PRINT together with sample ID and pa rameters For the next measurement with the plate use NEW If the me
11. 3 1960 M J Schwuger H M Rostek Chemie Ing Techn 43 1075 1971 Barthoioma Schafer Mellian Textilberichte 31 1075 1971 J F Padday Surface and Colloid Science Vol I edited by Egon Matkijevic Pub Wiley Interscience 1969 37 BEST TIGUNG CONFIRMATION CONFIRMATION LAUDR An To A LAUDA Dr R Wobser LAUDA Service Center Fax 49 0 9343 503 222 Von From De Firma Company Entreprise Stra e Street Rue Ort City Ville Tel Fax Betreiber Responsible person Personne responsable Hiermit best tigen wir da nachfolgend aufgef hrtes LAUDA Ger t Daten vom Typenschild We herewith confirm that the following LAUDA equipment see label Par la pr sente nous confirmons que l appareil LAUDA voir plaque signal tique Typ Type Type mit folgendem Medium betrieben wurde was used with the below mentioned media a t utilis avec le liquide suivant Dar ber hinaus best tigen wir da das oben aufgef hrte Ger t sorgf ltig gereinigt wurde die Anschl sse verschlossen sind und sich weder giftige aggressive radioaktive noch andere gef hrliche Medien in dem Ger t befinden Additionally we confirm that the above mentioned equipment has been cleaned that all connectors are closed and that there are no poisonous aggressive radioactive or other dangerous media inside the equipment D autre part nous confirmons que l appareil mentionn ci dessu
12. 3 13 34 01 123 65 43 MENU HELP Scroll the list using keys E up and q down Mem Number of the location where the results together with parameters are stored in the internal mem ory In this case at locations 9 11 18 19 results of other methods are stored and hence NOT displayed here Date The date of the test completion Two different formats can be set gt menu settings Time The clock time of the test completion Two differ ent formats can be set gt menu settings ID The sample identification code given from user in menu meas parameters c mN m or p g l or mg The end results of the selected method as dis played in the result line of the menu experi ment To select a specific result for details or to print use keys and Y 5 2 View of details Results detail screen for ring data View ring Exp Mem 5 Free432 o Date 27 04 03 Time 11 10 33 Exp ID 815 72 0 mN m Ap 0 99 g cm R 9 55 mm r 0 20 mm MENU PRINT After selection of a result line in the overview window and confirmation by the details of the selected measurement will be shown together with all parameters associated In this example all ring data which are located in the memory position 5 Mem 5 are displayed here and can be printed out at an optional proto col printer The data can not be changed afterwards For the ot
13. LAUDR Operating Instructions Ring Plate Tensiometer TD IC LAUDA DR R WOBSER GMBH amp CO KG P O Box 1251 97912 Lauda K nigshofen Germany 06 05 Phone 49 0 9343 503 0 TDICE Fax 49 0 9343 503 222 u e mail info lauda de Internet http www lauda de LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C CONTENT Chapter Page 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1 1 Short description and applications 5 1 2 Operating principle 5 2 COMPONENTS AND INSTALLATION 6 2 1 Measuring stand 6 2 2 Control panel Command 7 2 3 Setting up the TD 1C 9 2 4 Command control functions 10 2 4 1 Description of keys 10 2 4 2 Main Menu 12 2 4 3 Sub Menu Experiment New 12 2 4 4 Sub Menu Experiment View 13 2 4 5 Sub Menu Settings 13 2 4 6 Sub Menu Tools 14 3 TESTING SURFACE TENSION 14 3 1 Using the plate 14 3 1 1 Preparation of measurement 14 3 1 2 Checking and Setting plate parameters 15 3 1 3 Taring 16 3 1 4 Calibrating 17 3 1 5 Performing the plate measurement 18 3 2 Using the ring 18 3 2 1 Checking and Setting ring parameters 19 3 2 2 Preparation of measurement 19 3 2 3 Taring 20 3 2 4 Calibrating 21 3 2 5 Performing a ring measurement 23 3 3 The display of measured surface interface tensions 24 3 3 1 Plate measurement 24 3 3 2 Ring measurement 25 4 MEASURING DENSITY AND WEIGHT 26 4 1 Density measurement 26 4 1 1 Setting of parameters 26 4 1 2 Preparation of measurement 27 4 1 3 Taring 27 4 1 4 Calibrating 27 4 1 5 Performing
14. a density measurement 29 4 2 Weight measurement 31 4 2 1 Setting of parameters 31 4 2 2 Preparation of measurement 31 4 2 3 Taring 31 4 2 4 Calibrating 32 4 2 5 Performing a weight measurement 33 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 5 VIEWING MEASURED RESULTS 5 1 Results overview 5 2 View of details 6 APPENDIX 6 1 Reference values for checking the TD 1C 6 2 Cleaning test glasses and materials used 6 2 1 Platinum test bodies 6 2 2 Test glasses and glass body 6 3 Literature references 34 34 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 1 Introduction This instruction provides you the necessary information about the use ofthe TD 1C 1 1 Short description and applications The LAUDA automatic Tensiometer TD 1C consists of the measuring stand and the COMMAND unit and is used for measuring surface and interfacial tension for determining liquid density as well as for measuring weights In contrast with other instruments of this type the TD 1C has been specially developed as a low cost easy to handle measuring device to combine high quality measurement system with documentation and represents an interesting and less expensive alternative to automatic systems The TD 1C is particularly suitable for e universities colleges teaching institutes and other educational establishments e industrial and quality control laboratories e research and development departments There is a wide range of applications
15. are complete the measurement is started by pushing g 33 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C During measurement running Weight running 125 Free432 Weight mg I 125 Result screen for weight test Exp end user 125mg Free432 During measuring of the weight the actual value is displayed The measurement can be stopped by the user Exp end user After stop of measurement the weight measurement is summarized in the result window Weight mg l These data can be printed via the external printer using the appropriate Soft Keys Al ternatively the data can be stored in the 1 25 internal memory MENU NEW SAVE PRINT 5 Viewing measured results 5 1 Results overview MENU gt Experiment view gt Method Opens the following View method exp where all end results of the selected method ring plate density or weight are shown in the following way 34 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA Result overview screen for ring experiments View ring exp overview Freed Mem Date Time 5 27 04 03 11 10 33 6 27 04 03 11 15 58 816 46 14 7 27 04 03 11 20 43 817 46 25 8 27 04 03 11 45 10 818 46 17 12 28 04 03 17 13 03 711 72 65 15 02 05 03 09 20 35 521 29 37 16 02 05 03 09 25 54 522 27 45 17 02 05 03 09 33 47 523 28 36 20 10 05 0
16. asuring mode has to be changed go back via MENU 24 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 3 3 2 Ring measurement before ring is in contact with the sample and after dipping in Ring exp running Omg Free432 During extraction form the liquid mN m Ring exp running 476m Free432 here the wetting force of the lamella units of mN m tension calculated from the actual measured force is displayed Please note As long no beep sound can be heart and the values still increasing by lowering the table this value does not corresponds to the real surface tension of sample After beep measurement has to be stopped using again to get the result 25 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C After stop of the measurement detecting the maximum Exp end user 476m Free432 Following message appears in status line Exp end user Buttons for saving and storing appear After mN m here the surface tension calculated from the detected maximum force is displayed and should correspond to the surface tension This result can be saved using SAVE into internal storage or printed out using PRINT together with sample ID and parameters MENU NEW SAVE PRINT For the next measurement with the plate use NEW If the measuring mode has to be changed go
17. at reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position MENU HELP Calibrate density g l Dow genally DXP i 0 az The precise density of the calibration liquid wa ter has to be entered Calibrate density g l Therefore the corresponding digit has to be se lected and changed via soft key The digits can be incremented or decremented using 7 or 3 In this case the default value was changed to the 00 precise density of water at the measuring tem perature table see below e g 997 00 g l at 20 H a With calibration is started 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0 Temperature Density g l In this table the commonly used density values of pure water 998 are shown Because of restricted accuracy of the buoyancy the 15 16 22 997 its 23 26 996 27 29 995 30 33 994 33 35 993 28 reference density has to be entered only with 3 significant dig Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR The calibration starts with the following message Calibrating in progress This message appears while the calibration proce dure is running New density exp ok Free432 Do not disturb this process Prevent system from vibrations Calibrating in progress Calibration successful Th
18. calibration weights prior to the first measurement and in case the measuring probe has been changed New plate exp ok Free432 Plate parameter set Tare Calibrate Measuring parameters MENU Stable Unstable Very unstable HELP Stable Has to be selected ifthe surrounding is very sta ble and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Very Unstable Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position New plate exp ok Free432 Min AQN nn Calibration weight mg 900 0 Mav kinNnn Calibration weight mg The precise weight of the calibration stirrup has to be entered using the Duo soft keys now as signed with digits Therefore the corresponding digit has to be se lected and changed via soft key The digits can be incremented or decremented using N or 3 In this case the last digit was changed into 1 according to the precise weight of the stirrup 500 01 mg With calibration is started Calibration has to be done as follows 1 The 500 mg calibration weight supplied is attached to the hook in addition to the plate 2 Exact weight is ente
19. e the default value according DIN 53914 is shown which corresponds to the accessory ring It can be adjusted between 0 10 and 0 30 mm in case of radius changes i e by corrosion or coatings or a ring with different wire is being used 3 2 2 Preparation of measurement 1 Use adjusting knob to move the table in a position giving space enough for changing of beakers and to attach the ring 2 The ring supplied is attached to the hook of the measuring system without any contact with the test liquid surface or in case of interface tension dipped into the lower phase without any contact to the interface this has to be done before pouring the upper phase on top 3 Select Experiment new gt Ring After confirmation the sub menu New Ring experiment opens 19 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C Exp ID A numerical value max 3 digits can be as signed by using soft keys to characterize the New ring exp ok Free432 sample Measuring parameters Exp ID 123 Ap Ring parameters Ap 0 99 g cm The density in case of surface tension or den Tare sity difference in case of interface tension has Calibrate to be entered here This value is needed for the automatical ring correction according Zuidema amp Waters For diluted aqueous solutions a value of 0 99 g cm at room temperature 18 25 C is sufficient MENU HELP 3 2 3 Taring The probe weight has to be ta
20. ent numerical values of parame ters Menu navigation keys left right 1 To switch between selection menus Right first item of the sub menu is selected Left last item of the main menu is selected 2 Select letter digit of parameters Duo keys above decimal point key below minus sign not used Soft keys 5 keys which have the functions shown in the display above Soft key inputs are marked in the manual with a frame Example To print the results press the duo key below PRINT If NOT illuminated the preselected measurement will be started from measurement screen If illuminated the measurement is running By pressing the key the measurement will be stopped immediately The evaluation will be done over the last completed cycles Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR Soft Keys at Start and Main menu screen MENU Screen switches to the Main Menu Fig 3 HELP Not available yet Soft Keys at Result Screen MENU Screen switches to the Main Menu Fig 4 The data of the result line together with the numerical sample ID code and SAVE measurement parameters are saved in the internal memory of the COMMAND Max 500 sets can be stored The free number of sets is dis played in the status line of the result screen here Free432 The data of the result line together with the num
21. erase all stored results ABOUT HELP 3 Testing surface tension 3 1 Using the plate 3 1 1 Preparation of measurement The following preparation is required for this measurement v The TD 1C is switched on by means of the external power supply switch v Use adjusting knob to move the table in a position giving space enough for changing of beakers and to attach the plate v The plate supplied is attached to the hook of the measuring system Ensure that the plate has no contact with the test liquid Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 3 1 2 Checking and Setting plate parameters Select Experiment new After confirmation the sub menu New Plate exp opens MENU gt Experiment new gt Plate L New plate exp ok Free432 The exact length of the plate has to be entered Measuring parameters L 19 90 mm Here the values of the accessory plate according 62040 mm DIN 53914 is shown It can be adjusted between Tare 10 and 30 mm in case of deviations or other Calibrate D The exact thickness of the plate has to be en tered Here the value according DIN53914 is shown which is appropriate to the accessory plate It can be adjusted between 0 05 and 0 5 mm in case of deviations or other plates are be ing used MENU HELP Exp ID New plate exp ok Free432 H A numerical value max 3 digits can be as Measuring parameters signed by usi
22. erical sample ID code and PRINT measurement parameters will be printed out at the protocol printer Defines a new measurement followed by the menu Experiment new NEW opens 11 LAUDA 2 4 2 Main Menu Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C TD1C ok Free432 Density Experiment view Plate Settings Ring Tools Weight ABOUT HELP After entering MENU the main menu opens which enables the selection of following sub menus using the navigation keys Experiment new Selection of measuring mode for a new meas urement Experiment view Viewing results of previously saved measure ments Settings Defining and changing important base settings concerning date display language Tools test functions for system and printer Memory cleaning 2 4 3 Sub Menu Experiment New TD IC ok Free432 Experiment new Density Experiment view Settings Ring Tools Weight ABOUT HELP After selecting Experiment new and confirma tion the corresponding Sub Menu opens where following modes can be selected Density Enables determination of density of liquids by measuring buoyancy using a displacement plunger Plate Surface Interface tension measurement using Wilhelmy method Ring Surface Interface tension measurement using du No y method Weight Measurement of small weights max 5g Ring Plate
23. her measurement methods the window is the same but filled with different result units and parameters 35 LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C 6 Appendix 6 1 Reference values for checking the TD 1C To verify the accuracy of the equipment it is possible to carry out tests on known systems It is important to note however that these values taken are from the literature Verification requires consid erable effort and can usually only be achieved over brief periods Certain deviations can therefore be ex pected Surface tension mN m Interfacial tension referred to water mN m System 15 C 20 C 25 C System 20 C Water 73 5 72 8 72 00 Benzene 35 0 Benzene 29 5 28 9 28 2 Chloroform 10 7 Ethanol 22 7 22 3 21 4 Diethylether 32 8 Diethylether 17 0 6 2 Cleaning test glasses and materials used 6 2 1 Platinum test bodies 1 First Rinsing by an appropriate liquid able to solve the sample e g water in case of aqueous solutions to remove the sample residues 2 Ifthe cleaning solvent used before is not volatile enough to dry at ambient air perform a second rinsing by a volatile solvent e g ethanol or water to remove the traces of former rinsing agent 3 Heating of the wetted parts to red heat in the flame of a gas or liquid which burns without any residue The use of ethanol or methanol analytical grade in an alcohol burner has proved very successful In order
24. including e evaluating and testing of physical properties of the above types on organic and inorganic liquids solu tions liquid liquid and liquid solid dispersions emulsions etc e development and testing of surfactants detergents emulsifiers etc and their detection in effluents and streams The combination of precision weighing technology with a high performance electronic system provides for a wide range of measurements using a variety of test bodies For surface and interfacial tension measurement these are e platinum iridium plate after Wilhelmy e platinum iridium ring according to ASTM D 971 and DIN 53914 and for density measurement e glass displacement plunger By using an optional jacketed vessel incl cover to take the sample beaker it is possible to operate the system over a wide temperature range with the aid of a LAUDA thermostat e g of type ECOLINE RE104 It is strongly recommended to read this manual carefully prior to power up the TD 1C 1 2 Operating principle Determination of the surface or interfacial tension with a plate or ring consists of measuring the vertical force which the surface or interface of the liquid exerts on the test body For this purpose the TD 1C incorporates a manual driven sample stage which permits upward and downward movement of the test liquid without any vibration After defining the measuring parameters and the measuring method the movement of the table is started manually by turning
25. iometer TD 1C LAUDR New ring exp ok Free432 calibrating In progress This message appears during the calibration Do not disturb this process Prevent system from vibrations This message appears once the calibration pro cedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Calibration can be interrupted sana 4 After confirmation LU the calibration weight is removed If not successful the procedure has to be re peated 3 2 5 Performing a ring measurement A 1 u pr oO Mm N measurement with the ring is performed in the following steps The sample table is moved down by turning adjusting knob to the a low position to allow the change of sample beaker The test liquid in a sample beaker different sizes possible is placed on the table The ring supplied with the equipment is attached to the hook of the measuring system The table with the liquid is moved up again until the ring is at least 2 3 mm below the liquid surface Only in case of interface tension The second lighter phase Oil is poured carefully on top ofthe heav ier phase water until the sheet gets a thickness of about 1 cm Be sure that during this the liquid sur face is not disturbed and the ring does not to touch the oil For the test the table has to be moved downwards carefully and a lamella attached to the ring is shown The force displayed at COMMAND
26. is message appears once after finishing the calibration procedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Calibration can be interrupted using The table is moved down again until the plunger is released The test glass with water is removed from the TD 1C and the plunger is thoroughly cleaned and dried 4 1 5 Performing a density measurement A density measurement is performed in the following steps 1 The table with the sample moved up using adjusting knob 2 The motion has to be stopped in the moment where the top of the plunger is at least 3 mm below the liquid surface 3 Ifall preparations are complete the force measurement is started by pushing U Measurement is performed automatically until the maximum time and or the user defined stability criterion is reached 29 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C During measurement running Density running 997 Free432 Density p g I 997 Exp end user 997 Free432 Density p g l 997 MENU NEW SAVE PRINT During measuring of the density 100 single force values are measured approx ca 2 seconds while the mean value and standard deviation are calculated Than the measurement will be stopped by the system Exp end Time After stop of measurement the density measurement is
27. justing knob for sample stage Control Unit COMMAND Fig 1 Front View and description of main components Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 00000 jo CAN Port for COMMAND Module Je Ti RS232 for Protocol printer Opt NO PC connector External Power supply Fig 2 Rear side of TD 1C with electrical connections to accessory components 2 2 Control panel Command This convenient control panel allows the complete operation input of measuring parameters start of meas urement and transfer of data to a printer or to internal storage The high resolution graphical display offers menu based user guidance and displays individual measurements and results in tabular format LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C Dual SoftKeys Measurement Start Stop Navigation keys kk Fig 3 Parts of the COMMAND unit Actual command LAUDA LAUDA DR R WOBSER GMBH amp CO KG Soft key functions Fig 4 Device status Free internal memory TD 1C ok Free432 97912 Lauda Koenigshofen Germany 16 07 04 11 02 16 MENU HELP Segmentation of the LCD Screen Here the information screen immediately after switching on is shown Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDR 2 3 Setting up the TD 1C The following points should be observed when setting up the tensiometer 1 Select its loca
28. late Tensiometer TD 1C Calibration weight mg 900 0 Min Aan nn Mav Rin NN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Stable New ring exp ok Free432 Has to be selected if the surrounding is very sta Measuring parameters Stable ble and free of vibrations or winds Plate parameter set Unstable Tare Very unstable Unstable Very Unstable l Calibrate Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position MENU HELP New ring exp ok Free432 Calibration weight mg The precise weight of the calibration stirrup has to be entered using the Duo soft keys now as signed with digits Therefore the corresponding digit has to be se lected and changed via soft key The digits can be incremented or decremented using or 3 In this case the last digit was changed into 1 according to the precise weight of the stirrup 500 01 mg With calibration is started Calibration is performed as follows 1 The 500 mg calibration weight supplied is attached to the hook in addition to the ring 2 Exact weight is entered 3 After the calibration starts with the following message 22 Ring Plate Tens
29. ng soft keys to the sample Plate parameter set Tare Calibrate MENU HELP 15 LAUDA 3 1 3 Taring Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C The probe weight has to be tared prior to the first measurement or in case of the measuring probe being changed before the plate touches the liquid by using the function Tare in the New plate exp menu Taring in progress Stable New plate exp ok Free432 E Has to be selected if the surrounding is very sta Measuring parameters Stable ble and free of vibrations or winds Plate parameter set Unstable Very unstable Unstable Very Unstable Calibrate Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position MENU HELP Taring in progress New plate exp ok EE This message appears when taring is executed Do not disturb this process Prevent system from vibrations Taring successful This message appears after completing the tar ing procedure Confirm to switch the screen back to previous sub menu Taring can be interrupted using Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA 3 1 4 Calibrating A calibration check should be done with accessory
30. of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position MENU HELP 31 LAUDA Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C New weight exp ok Free432 Taring in progress Taring in progress This message appears during the calibration Do not disturb or interrupt this process Prevent system from vibrations Taring successful This message appears once the calibration pro cedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Taring can be interrupted using 4 2 4 Calibrating A calibration check should be done before the first measurements and always if the measuring probe is changed using accessory calibration weights New weight exp ok Free432 Measuring parameters Stable Plate parameter set Unstable Tare V Calibrate ory unstable MENU HELP Stable Has to be selected if the surrounding is very sta ble and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Very Unstable Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free position 32
31. red 17 LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C 3 After 1 the calibration starts with the following message Calibrating in progress This message appears during the calibration New plate exp ok Free432 Do not disturb or interrupt this process Prevent system from vibrations Calibrating in progress Calibration successful This message appears once the calibration pro cedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Calibration can be interrupted sana 4 After confirmation Lu the calibration weight is removed If not successful the calibration have to be repeated 3 1 5 Performing the plate measurement A measurement with the plate is performed in the following steps 1 The sample table is moved down by adjusting knob and the test liquid in the beaker supplied is placed on the table 2 The sample table with the liquid is moved up carefully If the force sensor feels the contact with the liquid surface or interface the movement has to be stopped stops Immediately on contact with the surface the display shows a jump of the force value This value is the absolute surface interface tension in mN m 4 The force values and the evaluated surface tension is shown in the result screen see below Note that this value is correct only if the plate is completely wetted i e a uniform meniscus can be observed at the bottom end of the plate
32. red prior to the first measurement or in case of the measuring probe being changed before the ring touches the liquid by using the function Tare in the New ring exp 20 Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C LAUDA New ring exp ok Free432 Plate parameter set Calibrate Measuring parameters MENU Stable Unstable Very unstable HELP Stable Has to be selected if the surrounding is very sta ble and free of vibrations or winds Unstable Very Unstable Has to be selected if a taring in mode Stable Unstable is not possible because of outer con ditions Note that reproducibility of results will eventually be reduced If no successful taring is possible in mode very unstable the instrument has to be moved to a more disturbation free location New ring exp ok Free432 Taring in progress Taring in progress This message appears during the calibration Do not disturb this process Prevent system from vibrations Taring successful This message appears once the calibration pro cedure is completed Confirm to switch the screen to the previous sub menu Taring can be interrupted using 3 2 4 Calibrating A calibration check should be done prior to the first measurements and in case the measuring probe is changed by using accessory calibration weights 21 LAUDA Ring P
33. s a t nettoy correctement que les tubulures sont ferm es et qu il n y a aucun produit toxique agressif radioactif ou autre produit nocif ou dangeureux dans la cuve Stempel Datum Betreiber Seal Cachet Date Date Responsible person Personne responsable Formblatt Form Formulaire Unbedenk doc LAUDA DR R WOBSER GmbH amp Co KG Erstellt published tabli LSC PfarrstraBe 41 43 Tel 49 0 9343 503 0 And Stand config level Version 0 1 D 97922 Lauda K nigshofen Fax 49 0 9343 503 222 Datum date 30 10 1998 Internet http www lauda de E mail info lauda de UNBEDENK DOC
34. tion on an accurately horizontal table so that any effect of building vibrations is largely excluded Check that the voltage marked on the back of the external power unit agrees with the local supply voltage Plug in the supply cable coming from external power supply into the COMMAND Plug in COMMAND cable to the TD 1C measuring stand Plug in the power supply cable into the mains socket Before doing this take care that the mains switch of the external power supply should be set to OFF The optional printer is connected at the back 9 pole of TD 1C Note this Connector is ONLY for the printer NOT for data transfer to PC After checking all connections the TD 1C can be switched on at external power supply The information screen appears Fig 3 Take off the plastic tube carefully which is clamped between sample table and transducer housing to protect the measuring system and the hook Therefor the table is moved down turning the adjusting knob LAUDR Ring Plate Tensiometer TD 1C Command control functions 2 4 1 Description of keys Command Key Pad Enter Key confirmation of the selection and or accepting the changes Escape Key 1 to get back to previous screen without accepting the changes at menus Measurement Parameters Set tings and Tools 2 interrupts taring and calibration without changes Menu navigation keys up down 1 to select menu items up and down 2 to increment decrem
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