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ZyXEL Communications 10 Network Router User Manual

1. see 7 9 IP Spoofing ccceeceesceseeeeeeeeeseeneeees 10 4 10 7 N IP Static Route 8 1 8 2 8 3 nailed up connection sse 7 4 TPSec standard nasaan na e aA 1 1 NAT ean 7 7 7 9 18 17 IPSec VPN Capability sssss 1 1 Applicaton see dee 9 3 K Applying NAT in the SMT Menus 9 6 Key Fields For Configuring Rules 13 2 Cont suring ici oi e co e ese 9 8 L D finttions a inis et REOS Debes 9 1 LEAN GSet paz ee EE 5 1 5 5 Ex mples tentes 9 17 LAN to WAN Rules eee 13 3 How NAT Wotks esee 9 2 WAND niii aera fes 10 4 10 6 Mapping Types cesccscccsseeseesseeeesseeeeeees 9 4 Local Network Non NAT Friendly Application Programs 9 23 Rule Summary eee 13 4 Ordering Rules see 9 11 LOG 20 5 What NAT does sess 9 2 Log Facility ice 20 7 NetBIOS commands sssssssss 10 6 TOO SCHOEN lu eee eter e eR 15 1 Network Address Translation NAT 1 3 9 1 DD Index ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway O One Minute High sss 12 9 One Minute Low sese 12 9 One Minute High sees 12 7 Online Registration sese vi P Packet Filtering sese 10 13 Packet Filtering Firewalls 10 1 Packet Information eese 15 2 Pack
2. Key Group You must choose a key group for phase 1 IKE setup DH1 default refers to Diffie Hellman Group 1 a 768 bit random number DH2 refers to Diffie Hellman Group 2 a 1024 bit 1Kb random number DH1 Phase 2 Active Protocol Press SPACE BAR to choose from ESP or AH and then press ENTER See earlier for a discussion of these protocols ESP Encryption ALgorithm Press SPACE BAR to choose from NULL 3DES or DES and then press ENTER Select NULL to set up a tunnel without encryption DES Authentication ALgorithm Press SPACE BAR to choose from SHA1 or MD5 and then press ENTER MD5 SA Life Time Seconds Define the length of time before an IKE Security Association automatically renegotiates in this field It may range from 60 to 3 000 000 seconds almost 35 days 28800 default Encapsulation Press SPACE BAR to choose from Tunnel mode or Transport mode and then press ENTER See earlier for a discussion of these Tunnel 26 16 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 5 Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Perfect Forward Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS is disabled None by default in phase 2 None Secrecy PFS IPSec SA setup This allows faster IPSec setup but is not so secure Press SPACE BAR and choose from DH1 or DH2 to enable PFS DH1 refers to Diffie Hellman Group 1 a 768 bit r
3. sss 5 3 Key Fields eR dn eere 13 2 R LAN to WAN eeseeeeeeeneneeenn 13 3 Read Me First xxxiii LOGIC inest etie teens 13 1 Real Time Chip sese 1 3 Predefined Services sss 13 7 Index EE ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Source and Destination Addresses 13 11 SUMMALY e enie aii i 13 4 Titrie ut ensenen a i cin 13 13 S SA Monito ees ne UR dei 27 1 Safety Instructions sss K Saving the State esssssssssssesss 10 7 Schedule Sets Du ratioti z Je cto te 24 2 Security Association sssssseeeeee 27 1 Security In General sss 10 12 Security Ramifications ccceseeeeseereees 13 2 Send Alerts When Attacked 16 7 MIBS oo teeta a sies 19 3 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol sns cs Dts tease athe AEE 1 2 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Ua ye Maik aisha cite cb ES eue sae EP es 19 1 Source amp Destination Addresses 13 11 Source Address esses 13 3 13 10 SICAdQ s aee EE Paredes 16 9 Stateful Inspection 1 1 10 1 10 2 10 7 10 8 ProC6e8S dct ote etes 10 8 LY WAL ss ese pene dies 10 9 SUA Single User Account See NAT Subnet Mask 5 2 5 3 5 7 6 2 7 7 7 9 8 3 13 13 Server 5 2 6 2 7 3 9 5 9 8 9 10 9 13 9 14 9 Support DISK nectit teer xxxiii ee ori duo SYN Flood
4. Private This parameter determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast If No the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts Once you have completed filling in this menu press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel IP Static Route Setup 8 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 9 Network Address Translation NAT This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyWALL 9 1 Introduction NAT Network Address Translation NAT RFC 1631 is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet e g the source address of an outgoing packet used within one network to a different IP address known within another network 9 1 1 NAT Definitions Inside outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyWALL e g the workstations of your subscribers are the inside hosts while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts Global local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router e g the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side Note that inside outside refe
5. ae a IPSec IKE Key r Management Manual gt Figure 25 3 IPSec Architecture 25 2 1 IPSec Algorithms The ESP Encapsulating Security Payload Protocol RFC 2406 and AH Authentication Header protocol RFC 2402 describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure including implementation algorithms The Encryption algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES Data Encryption Standard and Triple DES algorithms The Authentication algorithms HMAC MD5 RFC 2403 and HMAC SHA 1 RFC 2404 provide an authentication mechanism for the AH and ESP protocols Please see section 26 2 for more information 25 2 2 Key Management Key Management allows you to determine whether to use IKE ISAKMP or manual key configuration in order to set up a VPN Please see sections 26 5 and 26 6 for more information 25 4 Introduction to IPSec ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 25 3 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode Original IP TCP bata IP Packet Header Header Transport Mode IP IPSec TCP Data Protected Packet Header Header Header Tunnel Mode IP IPSec IP TCP Data Protected Packet Header Header Header Header Figure 25 4 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation 25 3 1 Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP p
6. 21 4 10 Uploading a Configuration File Via Console Port Step 1 Select 2 from Menu 24 7 System Maintenance Upload Firmware to display Menu 24 7 2 System Maintenance Upload System Configuration File Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen Menu 24 7 2 System Maintenance Upload System Configuration File To upload System configuration file 1 Enter y at the prompt below to go into debug mode 2 Enter atlc after Enter Debug Mode message 3 Wait for Starting XMODEM upload message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal 4 After successful firmware upload enter atgo to restart the router Warning 1 Proceeding with the upload will erase the current configuration file 2 The router s console port speed Menu 24 2 2 may change when it is restarted please adjust your terminal s speed accordingly The password may change menu 23 also 3 When uploading the DEFAULT configuration file the console port speed will be reset to 9600 bps and the password to 1234 Do You Wish To Proceed Y N Figure 21 18 Menu 24 7 2 Using the Console Port Step 2 After the Starting Xmodem upload message appears activate the Xmodem protocol on your computer Follow the procedure as shown previously for the HyperTerminal program The procedure for other serial communications programs should be similar Step 3 Enter atgo to restart the ZyWALL 21 4 11 Example Xmodem
7. Upload System Firmware 21 4 2 Configuration File Upload You see the following screen when you telnet into menu 24 7 2 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 7 2 System Maintenance Upload System Configuration File To upload the system configuration file follow the procedure below Launch the FTP client on your workstation Type open and the IP address of your system Then type root and SMT password as requested Type put configurationfilename rom 0 where configurationfilename is the name of your system configuration file on your workstation which will be transferred to the rom 0 file on the system The system reboots automatically after the upload system configuration file process is complete For details on FTP commands please consult the documentation of your FTP client program For details on uploading system firmware using TFTP note that you must remain on this menu to upload system firmware using TFTP please see your manual Press ENTER to Exit Figure 21 14 Telnet into Menu 24 7 2 System Maintenance To upload the firmware and the configuration file follow these examples 21 4 3 FTP File Upload Command from the Command Line Example Step 1 Launch the FTP client on your computer Step 2 Enter open followed by a space and the IP address of your ZyWALL Step 3 Press ENTER when prompted for a username Step 4
8. ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7 4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric This field is valid only for PPTP PPPoE encapsulation The metric 3 represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link The number need not be precise but it must be between 1 and 15 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private This field is valid only for PPTP PPPoE encapsulation This parameter Yes determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast If No the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts RIP Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP direction from Both None In None Only Out Only Please see the RIP Setup section for more information on RIP The default for RIP on the WAN side is None It is recommended that you do not change this setting Version Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP version from RIP 1 RIP 2B RIP N A 2M or None Multicast IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol is a session layer protocol used None to establish membership in a Multicast group The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 IGMP v1 and version 2 IGMP v2 Press
9. 100 half open sessions per High sessions that causes the firewall to start minute The above values deleting half open sessions When the causes the ZyWALL to start number of existing half open sessions deleting half open sessions rises above this number the ZyWALL when the number of existing deletes half open sessions as required to half open sessions rises above accommodate new connection requests 100 and to stop deleting half Do not set Maximum Incomplete High to open sessions with the number lower than the current Maximum of existing half open sessions Incomplete Low number drops below 80 TCP Maximum This is the number of existing half open 10 existing half open TCP Incomplete TCP sessions with the same destination sessions Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator 12 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12 3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Incomplete host IP address that causes the firewall to start dropping half open sessions to that same destination host IP address Enter a number between 1 and 250 As a general rule you should choose a smaller number for a smaller network a slower system or limited bandwidth sessions Blocking Time When TCP Maximum Incomplete is reached you can choose if the next session should be allowed or blocked If you check Blocking Time any new sessions will be blocked for the length of time you specify in the next
10. AOL s Internet Messenger service used as a listening port by ICQ Authentication protocol used by some servers Border Gateway Protocol DHCP Client DHCP Server A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software Domain Name Server a service that matches web names e g www zyxel com to IP numbers Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on File Transfer Program a program to enable fast transfer of files including large files that may not be possible by e mail Net Meeting uses this protocol Hyper Text Transfer Protocol a client server protocol for the world wide web HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e commerce ICMP service allows normal ICMP packets to go through This is a popular Internet chat program The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management The IPSEC AH Authentication Header tunneling protocol uses this service Creating Custom Rules 13 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION IPSEC_TUNNEL ESP 0 IRC TCP UDP 6667 This service is used by the IPSec ESP Encapsulation Security Protocol tunneling protocol This is another popular Internet chat program MSN Messenger TCP 1863 MULTICAST IGMP 0 NEWS TCP 144 NFS UDP 2049 NNTP TCP 119 PING ICMP 0 POP3 TCP 110 PPTP TCP 1723
11. PPTP_TUNNEL GRE 0 RCMD TCP 512 Microsoft Networks messenger service uses this protocol Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts A protocol for news groups Network File System NFS is a client server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service Packet Internet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection TCP IP or other Point to Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks This is the control channel Point to Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks This is the data channel Remote Command Service REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 REXEC TCP 514 RLOGIN TCP 513 RTELNET TCP 107 RTSP TCP UDP 554 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web Remote Execution Daemon Remote Login Remote Telnet The Real Time Streaming media control Protocol RTSP is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet SFTP TCP 115 SMTP TCP 25 Simple File Transfer Protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message exchange standard for the Internet SMTP
12. 0 0 0 0 DNS Service Port Access LAN only Secured Client IP 0 0 0 0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 23 2 Menu 24 11 Remote Management Control Table 23 1 Menu 24 11 Remote Management Control FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE TELNET Server These read only labels denote the kind of server that you may FTP Server remotely manage Web Server SNMP Server DNS Server Server Port You may change the service port number for corresponding 23 services in this field Server Access Select the access interface if any by pressing SPACE BAR then LAN Only ENTER to choose from LAN only WAN only ALL or Disable default Remote Management 23 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Secured Client IP The default value for Secured Client IP is 0 0 0 0 which means you don t care which host is trying to use a service Telnet FTP or Web If you enter an IP address in this field the ZyWALL will check if the client IP address matches the value here when a Telnet FTP or Web session is up If it does not match the ZyWALL will disconnect the session immediately If the Server Access field is set to Disable then this field is N A Once you have filled in this menu press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel 23 4 1 Remote Managemen
13. Enter 0 to update the screen or press ESC to return to the previous screen System Maintenance amp Information 22 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 22 2 2 Call History This is the second option in Menu 24 9 System Maintenance Call Control It displays information about past incoming and outgoing calls Enter 2 from Menu 24 9 System Maintenance Call Control to bring up the following menu Menu 24 9 2 Call History Phone Number Dir Rate call Max ls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 o 10 Enter Entry to Delete 0 to exit Figure 22 5 Call History Table 22 2 Call History Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Phone Number The PPPoE service names are shown here Dir This shows whether the call was incoming or outgoing Rate This is the transfer rate of the call call This is the number of calls made to or received from that telephone number Max This is the length of time of the longest telephone call Min This is the length of time of the shortest telephone call Total This is the total length of time of all the telephone calls to from that telephone number You may enter an entry number to delete it or 0 to exit 22 3 Time and Date Setting The ZyWALL has a Real Time Chip RTC that keeps track of the time and date There is also a software mechanism to set the time manually or get the current time and date from an external server
14. Secure GW This is the WAN IP address or the domain name up to the first 15 193 81 13 2 Addr characters are displayed of the IPSec router with which you are making the VPN connection This field displays 0 0 0 0 when you configure the Secure Gateway Addr field in SMT 27 1 1 to 0 0 0 0 Select Press SPACE BAR to choose from None Edit Delete Go To Rule None Command Next Page or Previous Page and then press ENTER You must select a rule in the next field when you choose the Edit Delete or Go To commands Select None and then press ENTER to go to the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt Use Edit to create or edit a rule Use Delete to remove a rule To edit or delete a rule first make sure you are on the correct page When a VPN rule is deleted subsequent rules do not move up in the page list Use Go To Rule to view the page where your desired rule is listed Select Next Page or Previous Page to view the next or previous page of rules respectively Select Rule Type the VPN rule index number you wish to edit or delete and then press 3 ENTER When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 26 8 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 26 4 IPSec Setup Select Edit in the Select Command field type the index number of a rule in the Select Rule field and p
15. Step 3 Connecting the ZyWALL to the LAN For a single computer connect the 10 100M LAN port on the ZyWALL to the Network Adapter on the computer using a straight through Ethernet cable and push in the Uplink button on If the Uplink button is not on you must use a crossover cable for this connection If you have more than one computer then you must use an external hub Connect the 10 100M LAN port on the ZyWALL to a port on the hub using a straight through Ethernet cable and make sure the Uplink button is off Step 4 Connecting the Power Adapter to your ZyWALL Connect one end of the power adapter to the port labeled POWER on the rear panel of your ZyWALL Caution To prevent damage to the ZyWALL first make sure you have the correct AC power adapter See the Power Adapter Specification Appendix for regional specifications Step 5 Grounding the ZyWALL To ground the ZyWALL connect a grounded wire to the F G Frame Ground of the ZyWALL Hardware Installation 2 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 2 3 Additional Installation Requirements In addition to the contents of your package there are other hardware and software requirements you need before you can install and use your ZyWALL These requirements include 1 A computer with an Ethernet NIC Network Interface Card installed 2 A computer equipped with communications software configured to the following parameters VTIO0O terminal emulation e
16. This is the address range of Click Apply when the syslog servers finished This is your Syslog custom port Figure 16 12 Syslog Rule Configuration Example Firewall Rules 16 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3 On completing the configuration procedure for these Internet firewall rules the Rule Summary screen should look like the following Don t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule s to save your settings back to the ZyWALL ZyXEL TIO WAN TO LAN POLICY Internet to Local Network AIN MENU IREWALL CONFIGURATION ACL Default Set LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET EEN CUSTOM PORTS LOGS D onfigured Any Configured 10 0 0 10 10 0 0 15 E p3 3 2 BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 Forward None Syslog UDP 514 E Forward None EH OF OLR ORR ORY Rule 1 Allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the Click Apply to save your settings ZyWALL back to the ZyWALL Rule 2 Allow a syslog connection from the WAN Figure 16 13 Example 3 Rule Summary 16 14 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 17 Content Filtering This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the web embedded configurator For more detailed information consult the embedded HTML help Internet content filtering allows schools and businesses to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to their needs Content filtering
17. 19 2 SNMP ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 19 1 General SNMP Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION Get Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent In SNMPv1 when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent it initiates a Get operation followed by a series of GetNext operations Set Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent Trap Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events 19 2 Supported MIBs The ZyWALL supports MIB II that is defined in RFC 1213 and RFC 1215 The ZyWALL can also respond with specific data from the ZyXEL private MIB ZY XEL MIB The focus of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistic data and monitor status and performance The ZyWALL acts as an SNMP agent Users must implement their own GUI on SNMP platform SNMP manager 19 3 Configuring SNMP To configure SNMP select SNMP Configuration enter 22 from the main menu to open Menu 22 SNMP Configuration as shown in the figure below The community for Get Set and Trap fields is simply SNMP s terminology for password SNMP 19 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 22 SNMP Configuration SNMP Get Community public Set Community public Trusted Host 0 0 0 0 Trap Community public Destination
18. 4 ne et auton thsi Raa hel utei eM 7 5 7 20 Editing TCP IP Options with Ethernet Encapsulation esscssecsseescneeeeceseeeeeseeeeeseeneeeeenee 7 7 7 2 1 Editing TCP IP Options with PPTP Encapsulation 0 0 0 0 essessecseeesceeeeeceeeeeeeseceeeneeneens 7 8 7 2 2 Editing TCP IP Options with PPPoE Encapsulation eeeeeeeeennenn 7 10 73 R nmote Node Eltern etg een tio E ert Teo ERE e ERE bite Seas 7 10 Chapter 8 IP Static Route Setup eee eee eee eee sees eese enses ense tn setas ts sts sensns ense suse suse tuse sas tn sn 8 1 amp l IP Sta c Route Set p cnantimecutue pag wneaec ima ttiv e mer ets 8 2 Chapter 9 Network Address Translation NAT eerie eee eee eee eese en ette sensns suns tn netus tassa setas nn 9 1 Oa Jntroduction cre e E P d tS 9 1 9 1 1 NAT Deti itlotis eerte ie ertet ce t rei E ir eee str Ioue eep eed 9 1 9 1 2 What NATE Does Ds eese do iihlan eben ini eet btt 9 2 9 1 3 How NAT WOEkS 2 hene timet n n e eee rn e pm ERAS 9 2 9 1 4 NAT Applications nee pe UR Eee I e SO e Be I qoo 9 3 X Table of Contents ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 9 1 5 NAT Mapping Py pes eine RR Ae ERN NR ie aia oes 9 4 92 Using NAT eere i et e eo e n ehe tae eee 9 6 9 2 1 SUA Single User Account Versus NAT ccccccscssssesseeesceesceseceecesecaeceecseeeaeesseeeeeneeees 9 6 9 2 2 Applying NAT 27 5 o esee See een o e ON coats etie e o a ES 9 6 9 3
19. Choose an encryption algorithm Choose an authentication algorithm Choose whether to enable Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS using Diffie Hellman public key cryptography see section 26 5 5 Select None the default to disable PFS Choose Tunnel mode or Transport mode Set the IPSec SA lifetime This field allows you to determine how long IPSec SA setup should proceed before it times out A value of 0 means IPSec SA never times out If IPSec SA negotiation times out then the IPSec SA must be renegotiated but not the IKE SA 26 5 2 Negotiation Mode The phase 1 Negotiation Mode you select determines how the Security Association SA will be established for each connection through IKE negotiations gt Main Mode ensures the highest level of security when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication phase 1 It uses 6 messages in three round trips SA negotiation Diffie Hellman exchange and an exchange of nonces a nonce is a random number This mode features identity protection your identity is not revealed in the negotiation VPN IPSec Setup 26 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Aggressive Mode is quicker than Main Mode because it eliminates several steps when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication phase 1 However the trade off is that faster speed limits its negotiating power and it also does not provide identity protection It is useful in remote access situations where the a
20. Enter your password as requested the default is 1234 Step 5 Enter bin to set transfer mode to binary Step 6 Use put to transfer files from the computer to the ZyWALL for example put firmware bin ras transfers the firmware on your computer firmware bin to the ZyWALL and renames it ras Similarly put config rom rom 0 transfers the configuration file on your computer config rom to the ZyWALL and renames it rom 0 Likewise get rom 0 config rom transfers the configuration file on the ZyWALL to your computer and renames it config rom See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions 21 12 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7 Enter quit to exit the FTP prompt 21 4 4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload 331 Enter PASS command Password 230 Logged in ftp gt bin 200 Type I OK ftp gt put firmware bin ras 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp 1103936 bytes sent in 1 10Seconds 297 89Kbytes sec ftp gt quit Figure 21 15 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload More commands found in GUI Based FTP clients are listed earlier in this chapter Refer to section 21 2 5 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN 21 4 5 TFTP File Upload The ZyWALL also supports the uploading of firmware files u
21. For example one party may be using 3DES encryption but the other party is using DES encryption so the connection will fail Verifying Local ID failed Verifying Remote ID failed During IKE Phase 2 negotiation both parties exchange policy details including local and remote IP address ranges If these ranges differ then the connection fails Local remote IPs of incoming request conflict with rule d If the security gateway is 0 0 0 0 the ZyWALL will use the peer s Local Addr as its Remote Addr If this IP range conflicts with a previously configured rule then the connection is not allowed Invalid IP IP start gt lt IP end The peer s Local IP Addr range is invalid Remote IP IP start IP end conflicts If the security gateway is 0 0 0 0 the ZyWALL will use the peer s Local Addr as its Remote Addr If a peer s Local Addr range conflicts with other connections then the ZyWALL will not accept VPN connection requests from this peer Active connection allowed exceeded The ZyWALL limits the number of simultaneous Phase 2 SA negotiations The IKE key exchange process fails if this limit is exceeded IPSec Log 28 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28 1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION IKE Packet Retransmit The ZyWALL did not receive a response from the peer
22. WAN Setup We recommend you configure this menu even if your ISP presently does not require MAC address authentication If the ISP checks the Host Name enter host name in the System Name field in Menu 1 General Setup when you connect the ZyWALL to a cable xDSL modem If the ISP checks the User ID make sure that you have entered the correct Service Type user name in the My Login field and password in the My Password field in Menu 4 Internet Access Setup 29 2 Troubleshooting ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 29 3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION ISP Can t connect to a remote node or Check menu 24 1 to verify the line status If it indicates Down then refer to the section on the line problems 29 4 Problems with Internet Access Table 29 4 Troubleshooting Internet Access PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Cannot access the Internet Connect your cable xDSL modem with the ZyWALL using appropriate cable Check with the manufacturer of your cable xDSL device about your cable requirement because for some devices may require crossover cable and others a regular straight through cable Verify your settings in menu 3 2 and menu 4 29 5 Problems with the Password Table 29 5 Troubleshooting the Password PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Cannot access the ZyWALL The Password field is case sensitive Ma
23. allow all sessions originating from the LAN to the WAN and 2 deny all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN You may define additional Policy rules or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so LAN to WAN Set Name ACL Default Set WAN to LAN Set Name ACL Default Set Please configure the Firewall function through Web Configurator Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 11 2 Menu 21 2 Firewall Setup Configure the firewall rules using the web configurator or CLI commands 11 3 2 Viewing the Firewall Log In menu 21 enter 3 to view the firewall log An example of a firewall log is shown next Time Packet Information Reason Action O Jan 1 00 From 192 168 17 1 To 192 168 17 255 default policy block 15 43 19 UDP src port 00520 dest port 00520 lt 2 00 gt l Jan 1 00 From 172 20 1 179 To 172 21 1 66 default policy block 15 43 20 UDP src port 03571 dest port 00161 lt 2 00 gt 2 Jan 1 00 From 172 21 1 148 To 172 21 255 255 default policy block 15 43 20 UDP src port 00137 dest port 00137 2 00 Clear Firewall Log y n Figure 11 3 Example Firewall Log An End of Log message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent The following is an example of a log sent by e mail 11 2 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 11 1 View Firewall Log FIELD DESC
24. crece eee ee etes entente ee en neta netos sensa setas 12 1 12 1 Web Configurator Login and Main Menu Screens sese 12 1 12 2 Enabling the Firewall eee eerte eed i e iens 12 2 12 3 urne ey ns 12 2 IPSAM VT D CE 12 2 12 3 2P ALORS 2st nte tS Ed rt e re de eire tur E rate ge 12 3 12 3 3 SMTP Error Messages eere eite erii p eet eee et e e He te iege shoes 12 5 12 3 4 Example E mail Log essere ener inneren nne nee e n ree aeia 12 5 12 4 Attacke Alert iie e rera el re nie E eed ern 12 6 12 4 Threshold Values coire teet etre et best RE ERA de a 12 6 12 42 Half Opem Sessions ee See eg deiode OD deed 12 7 Chapter 13 Creating Custom Rules cereis ee esee esee seen sense tn sensns sns tn netu setas tasto seta sets stessa sno 13 1 13 1 Rules Very c 13 1 13 2 Rule Logic Overview ecc TH RR I PTT Au i ERI asd eeoteeces 13 1 xii Table of Contents ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 133 1 Rule Checklist seo SERRA ROS AG AR ee tex ds 13 1 13 2 2 Security Ramifications 22 eene nese ec nu epe e te idee ERE eed 13 2 13 2 3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules sess 13 2 13 3 Connection Direction eene eren ener T nennen nennen nnns 13 3 13 331 LAN tO WAN Rules ient efti eterne tede ee ehe ENRE 13 3 13 32 WAN to LAN RUIe8 a nette te eoteitit eot ee ep REEL e eret 13 4 1
25. d but Phase 1 or Phase 2 negotiation for outbound from the VPN initiator traffic is not finished yet Send Main Mode request to lt IP gt The ZyWALL has started negotiation with the peer Send Aggressive Mode request to lt IP gt Recv Main Mode request from lt IP gt The ZyWALL has received an IKE negotiation request from the peer Recv Aggressive Mode request from lt IP gt 28 2 IPSec Log ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28 1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Send lt Symbol gt lt Symbol gt Recv lt Symbol gt lt Symbol gt IKE uses the ISAKMP protocol refer to RFC2408 ISAKMP to transmit data Each ISAKMP packet contains payloads of different types that show in the log see Table 28 3 Phase 1 IKE SA process done Phase 1 negotiation is finished Start Phase 2 Quick Mode Phase 2 negotiation is beginning using Quick Mode IKE Negotiation is in process The ZyWALL has begun negotiation with the peer for the connection already but the IKE key exchange has not finished yet Duplicate requests with the same cookie The ZyWALL has received multiple requests from the same peer but it is still processing the first IKE packet from that peer No proposal chosen The parameters configured for Phase 1 or Phase 2 negotiations don t match Please check all protocols and settings for these phases
26. en eren 10 4 10 5 SetVICes dear RE RM d eR vi 13 2 SYN ACK occ 10 5 SENCE TYPE ee estes SOFAS AU CR PR 16 12 setup a schedule ssssssssss 24 2 Syslog IP Adie cue eere on Race 20 7 SMT n tee eee e Ads 3 2 Seien inibrtus i e eoo 20 1 20 3 20 4 SMT Menus at a Glance 3 5 3 7 System Maintenance 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 SMTP Error Messages ccsscceesceceseceeeeees 12 5 20 6 20 7 20 12 20 13 21 2 21 5 21 13 wif 10 6 pile ee Ed dte hM SNMP d ceti todfioqcdi mme i 19 1 By STRINGING cuti dearer uiu ue CORREO races ecd mne 19 3 System Status cnoo ie 20 1 onini Seach cue tend 19 3 System TIME OUt i 23 5 Tapene tanien i 19 4 T Trusted Host eee eee 19 4 PEORES ak aaa Sr doe Man dBet iS eu eot 19 2 FF Index ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway TCP Secu rity ise tenes 10 10 UNIX Syslog ssssesseeee 20 7 TCP IP 5 1 5 2 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 10 10 3 10 4 Upload Firmware eene 21 10 Item bu hp To doli eer Upper Layer Protocols 10 10 10 11 TCP IP filter rule eese 18 7 V Teardrops isset de 10 4 Misa Private TERN GEEE nas cer crt nie 1 1 Telnet iiit gg ree RES 23 1 TPH asse eet aste cic ee tte 2 6 Telnet Configuration sss 23 1 w Telnet Under NAT sse 23 1 WANDHCP LLL 20 12 20 13 Roue EE Sa et eae E WAN Seti sccscaeacuo alee eH 4 5 29 2 TETP and
27. 1 Initial Screen 3 1 2 Entering the Password The login screen appears after you press ENTER prompting you to enter the password as shown below For your first login enter the default password 1234 As you type the password the screen displays an X for each character you type Please note that if there is no activity for longer than five minutes after you log in your ZyWALL will automatically log you out and will display a blank screen If you see a blank screen press ENTER to bring up the login screen again Initial Setup 3 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Enter Password XXXX Figure 3 2 Password Screen 3 2 Navigating the SMT Interface The SMT System Management Terminal is the interface that you use to configure your ZyWALL Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below Table 3 1 Main Menu Commands previous menu OPERATION KEYSTROKE DESCRIPTION Move down to ENTER To move forward to a submenu type in the number of the desired another menu submenu and press ENTER Move up toa ESC Press ESC to move back to the previous menu menu Move to a hidden Press SPACE BAR to change No to Yes then press ENTER Fields beginning with Edit lead to hidden menus and have a default setting of No Press SPACE BAR once to change No to Yes then press ENTER to go to
28. 1 Packet Filtering a a The router filters packets as they pass through the router s interface according to the filter rules you designed Packet filtering is a powerful tool yet can be complex to configure and maintain especially if you need a chain of rules to filter a service Packet filtering only checks the header portion of an IP packet When To Use Filtering To block allow LAN packets by their MAC address To block allow special IP packets which are neither TCP nor UDP nor ICMP packets To block allow both inbound WAN to LAN and outbound LAN to WAN traffic between the specific inside host network A and outside host network B If the filter blocks the traffic from A to B it also blocks the traffic from B to A Filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address To block allow IP trace route 10 7 2 Firewall a a The firewall inspects packet contents as well as their source and destination addresses Firewalls of this type employ an inspection module applicable to all protocols that understands data in the packet is intended for other layers from the network layer IP headers up to the application layer The firewall performs stateful inspection It takes into account the state of connections it handles so that for example a legitimate incoming packet can be matched with the outbound request for that packet and allowed in Conversely an incoming
29. 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 26 3 1 My IP Address My IP Addr is the WAN IP address of the ZyWALL If this field is configured as 0 0 0 0 then the ZyWALL will use the current ZyWALL WAN IP address static or dynamic to set up the VPN tunnel The ZyWALL has to rebuild the VPN tunnel if the My IP Addr changes after setup 26 3 2 Secure Gateway Address Secure Gateway Addr is the WAN IP address or domain name of the remote IPSec router secure gateway If the remote secure gateway has a static WAN IP address enter it in the Secure Gateway Addr field You may alternatively enter the remote secure gateway s domain name if it has one in the Secure Gateway Addr field You can also enter a remote secure gateway s domain name in the Secure Gateway Addr field if the remote secure gateway has a dynamic WAN IP address and is using DDNS The ZyWALL has to rebuild the VPN tunnel each time the remote secure gateway s WAN IP address changes there may be a delay until the DDNS servers are updated with the remote gateway s new WAN IP address If the remote secure gateway has a dynamic WAN IP address and does not use DDNS enter 0 0 0 0 in the Secure Gateway Addr field In this case only the remote secure gateway can initiate SAs This may be useful for telecommuters initiating a VPN tunnel to the company network See the following table for an example configuration You can configure multiple SAs to simultaneously connect through the same
30. 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FTP is the preferred methods for restoring your current computer configuration to your ZyWALL since it is faster Please note that you must wait for the system to automatically restart after the file transfer is complete WARNING DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL WHEN THE RESTORE CONFIGURATION PROCESS IS COMPLETE THE ZYWALL WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESTART 21 3 1 Restore Using FTP or TFTP For details about backup using T FTP please refer to earlier sections on FTP and TFTP file upload in this chapter Menu 24 6 System Maintenance Restore Configuration To transfer the firmware and configuration file to your workstation follow the procedure below 1 Launch the FTP client on your workstation 2 Type open and the IP address of your router Then type root and SMT password as requested 3 Type put backupfilename rom 0 where backupfilename is the name of your backup configuration file on your workstation and rom spt is the remote file name on the router This restores the configuration to your router 4 The system reboots automatically after a successful file transfer For details on FTP commands please consult the documentation of your FTP client program For details on backup using TFTP note that you must remain in this menu to back up using TFTP please see your System manual Press ENTER to Exit Figure 21
31. 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18 4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Once you have completed filling in Menu 21 4 1 1 Generic Filter Rule press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel This data will now be displayed on Menu 21 1 1 Filter Rules Summary 18 3 Example Filter Let s look at an example to block outside users from telnetting into the ZyWALL Please see our included disk for more example filters User trying to telnet Senes into the Zy WALL Incoming Traffic Filter Figure 18 10 Telnet Filter Example Step 1 Enter 21 from the main menu to open Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Step 2 Enter 1 to open Menu 21 1 Filter Set Configuration Step 3 Enter the index of the filter set you wish to configure say 3 and press ENTER 18 14 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4 Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press ENTER Step 5 Press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to confirm to open Menu 21 1 3 Filter Rules Summary Step 6 Enter 1 to configure the first filter rule the only filter rule of this set Make the entries in this menu as shown in the following figure Menu 21 1 3 1 TCP IP Filter Press SPACE BAR to choose this filter rule Filter 3 1 type The first filter rule type determines al
32. 2 Content Filtering Advanced Management Part IV Advanced Management This part provides information on Filter Configuration SNMP Configuration System Information and Diagnosis Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance System Maintenance and Information and Remote Management ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 18 Filter Configuration This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters 18 1 About Filtering Your ZyWALL uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and or to make a call There are two types of filter applications data filtering and call filtering Filters are subdivided into device and protocol filters which are discussed later Data filtering screens the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass Data filters are divided into incoming and outgoing filters depending on the direction of the packet relative to a port Data filtering can be applied on either the WAN side or the LAN side Call filtering is used to determine if a packet should be allowed to trigger a call Remote node call filtering is only applicable when using PPPoE encapsulation Outgoing packets must undergo data filtering before they encounter call filtering as shown in the following figure Filter Configuration 18 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway ctive Data ETIR Built in User defined me uigolng gt default Call F
33. 7 2 Editing TCP IP Options with Ethernet Encapsulation Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11 1 press SPACE BAR to select Yes Press ENTER to open Menu 11 3 Network Layer Options Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Addr N A Network Address Translation SUA Only Metric N A Private N A RIP Direction None Version N A Multicast None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 7 4 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options Table 7 4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields Remote Node Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP Address If your ISP did not assign you an explicit IP address select Dynamic Dynamic Assignment otherwise select Static and enter the IP address amp subnet mask in the following fields IP Address If you have a Static IP Assignment enter the IP address assigned to you by your ISP IP Subnet If you have a Static IP Assignment enter the subnet mask assigned to Mask you Gateway IP If you have a Static IP Assignment enter the gateway IP address Addr assigned to you Network Use SPACE BAR to select either Full Feature None or SUA Only See SUA Only Address the NAT chapter for a full discussion on this feature Translation 7 7
34. 9600 Baud No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit flow control set to none 3 Acable xDSL modem and an ISP account After the ZyWALL is properly set up you can make future changes to the configuration through telnet or web connections To keep the ZyWALL operating at optimal internal temperature keep the bottom sides and rear clear of obstructions and away from the exhaust of other equipment 2 6 Hardware Installation ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 3 Initial Setup This chapter explains how to perform initial ZyWALL setup and gives an overview of SMT menus 3 1 Turning On Your ZyWALL At this point you should have connected the console port the LAN port the WAN port and the power port to the appropriate devices or lines Plug the power adapter into a wall outlet The PWR LED should turn on The SYS LED will turn on after the system tests are complete The WAN LED and one of the LAN LEDs should turn on immediately after the SYS LED turns on if connections have been made to the LAN and WAN ports 3 1 1 Initial Screen When you turn on your ZyWALL it performs several internal tests as well as line initialization After the tests the ZyWALL asks you to press ENTER to continue as shown next Copyright c 1994 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp initialize ch 0 ethernet address 00 a0 c5 41 51 61 initialize ch 1 ethernet address 00 a0 c5 41 51 62 Press ENTER to continue Figure 3
35. A Version N A ncoming protocol filters Outgoing protocol filters IP Alias 2 No P Address N A P Subnet Mask N A RIP Direction N A Version N A ncoming protocol filters N A Outgoing protocol filters N A Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 5 7 Menu 3 2 1 IP Alias Setup Use the instructions in the following table to configure IP Alias parameters Table 5 5 IP Alias Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP Alias Choose Yes to configure the LAN network for the ZyWALL Yes IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation 192 168 2 1 IP Subnet Mask Your ZyWALL will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on 255 255 255 0 the IP address that you assign Unless you are implementing subnetting use the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL RIP Direction Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP direction Options are None Both In Only Out Only or None Version Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP version Options are RIP 1 RIP 1 RIP 2B or RIP 2M Incoming Enter the filter set s you wish to apply to the incoming traffic 1 Protocol Filters between this node and the ZyWALL Outgoing Enter the filter set s you wish to apply to the outgoing traffic between 2 Protocol Filters this node and the ZyWALL When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configur
36. Call Coritrol xen Tho to tende 22 2 See ee ey CINE RIA octets ITI 22 4 Pra EAA a ARE i COpyTight ute e RR ee este ners il Index AA ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Custom Ports DYNDNS Wildcard sees 4 2 Creating Editing sss 14 3 E Introduction eee 14 1 E mail Customer Support vii Log Example eese 12 5 Customized Services sss 14 2 Mail Server ie deo dtes 12 4 D Mail Subject sss 12 4 DDNS Taba ti iteedeee ence it ee es 12 3 Configuration sese 4 3 E mail Alerts ceci 12 4 Default Policy Log sess 13 6 E mail Screen sss 16 4 Denial of Service 10 2 10 3 11 1 12 7 Encapsulation Denial of Services PPP over Ethernet senes C Thresholds 5 3 Ene RII 12 9 Ethernet Encapsulation 6 1 7 1 7 6 7 7 7 11 9 DestAdd sssssssseeeeeenenes 16 11 5 Destination Address ot 13 3 13 11 Examples nenoriai panni ers 16 1 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 1 E 3 5 2 Factory Default sk eae see 4 5 DHCP Ethernet Setup ssssessss 5 5 Factory LAN Defaults sss 5 2 DHCP Negotaition and Syslog Connection from Features of The ZyWALL 50 1 1 ene EO iie vence eae Filename Conventions sse 21 1 PLC EDC SOB OR doncc ite Filter c 5 1 7 11 18 1 EHBBRUSU aro e
37. DESCRIPTION 0 coldStart defined in RFC 1215 A trap is sent after booting power on 1 warmStart defined in RFC 1215 A trap is sent after booting software reboot 4 authenticationFailure defined in A trap is sent to the manager when receiving any SNMP RFC 1215 get or set requirements with wrong community password 6 whyReboot defined in ZYXEL A trap is sent with the reason of restart before rebooting MIB when the system is going to restart warm start 6a For intentional reboot A trap is sent with the message System reboot by user if reboot is done intentionally e g download new files Cl command sys reboot etc 6b For fatal error A trap is sent with the message of the fatal code if the system reboots because of fatal errors SNMP 19 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 20 system Information amp Diagnosis This chapter covers SMT menus 24 1 to 24 4 This chapter covers the diagnostic tools that help you to maintain your ZyWALL These tools include updates on system status port status log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 System Maintenance as shown below Menu 24 System Maintenance System Status System Information and Console Port Speed Log and Trace Diagnostic Backup Configuration Restore Configuration Upload Firmware Command Interpreter Mode Call Control Time and Date Setting Remote Management
38. DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Active Yes activates the filter rule and No deactivates it Yes No IP Protocol Protocol refers to the upper layer protocol e g TCP is 6 UDP is 0 255 17 and ICMP is 1 This value must be between 0 and 255 A value of 0 matches ANY protocol IP Source If Yes the rule applies to packet with IP source route option else Yes Route the packet must not have source route option The majority of IP No packets do not have source route Destination IP Address Enter the destination IP Address of the packet you wish to filter 0 0 0 0 This field is ignored if it is 0 0 0 0 IP Mask Enter the IP mask to apply to the Destination IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Port Enter the destination port of the packets that you wish to filter The 0 65535 range of this field is 0 to 65535 This field is ignored if it is 0 18 8 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18 3 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Port Comp Select the comparison to apply to the destination port in the packet None against the value given in Destination Port Less Greater Equal Not Equal Source IP Address Enter the source IP Address of the packet you wish to filter This 0 0 0 0 field is ignored if it is 0 0 0 0 IP Mask Enter the IP mask to apply to the Source IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Port Enter the source port of the packets that you wish to filter The 0 65535 r
39. DoS attack IP Spoofing is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers by tricking a router or firewall into thinking that the communications are coming from within the trusted network To engage in IP spoofing a hacker must modify the packet headers so that it appears that the packets originate from a trusted host and should be allowed through the router or firewall The ZyWALL blocks all IP Spoofing attempts 10 5 Stateful Inspection With stateful inspection fields of the packets are compared to packets that are already known to be trusted For example if you access some outside service the proxy server remembers things about your original request like the port number and source and destination addresses This remembering is called saving the state When the outside system responds to your request the firewall compares the received packets with the saved state to determine if they are allowed in The ZyWALL uses stateful packet inspection to protect the private LAN from hackers and vandals on the Internet By default the ZyWALL s stateful inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the LAN and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet In summary stateful inspection Allows all sessions originating from the LAN local network to the WAN Internet Firewalls 10 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Q Denies all sessions originating from the WAN to the
40. FTP Over WAN cc 234 WAN to LAN Rules seeeeeee 13 4 TETP File Transfer 21 13 E TORO SISSE EE ISTUD TPTEROSIBOUON ea a LOEME tattie de canted 12 1 The YET ds DakSsdquitne tonis ma Password iei 12 1 TEESSBOL Voluspa VS WWwW zyxel com eeeseeeeeeeeeeneen rene vi Time and Date oe eimi Us 1 3 X Time and Date Setting 22 5 22 6 xDSL modem 1 4 2 5 2 6 7 3 29 2 29 3 Time Zone hee une 22 6 XIMOBDEN protec career 212 Pau boris la c ae ia ea XMODEM upload eene 3 8 ANETE s eee ee dete 20 5 Z Traceroute ee a eve test eno Sneton 10 7 NG a ee 4 5 20 3 20 4 21 1 21 2 Troubleshooting esses 29 1 ZyNOS F W Version 20 3 2044 21 1 Internet Access 29 3 Ta AT AC Bical ADU RIO ur caseo 10 3 LAN ster tace ete ERE 29 2 Pg WL Web Confiburdi r cec 12 1 WAN Interface eese 29 2 ZyXEL Limited Warranty Y Note oneco dood nonini ien vi UPPE SECOS Iai BE ZyXBL website iesus vi Unic st x nine ten Ri rele tene 5 4 ZyXEL s Firewall Index GG ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Introduction 0 cccccccccceesseceesssceceesseeeesseees 10 2 HH Index
41. Firewalls Packet filtering firewalls restrict access based on the source destination computer network address of a packet and the type of application 10 2 2 Application level Firewalls Application level firewalls restrict access by serving as proxies for external servers Since they use programs written for specific Internet services such as HTTP FTP and telnet they can evaluate network packets for valid application specific data Application level gateways have a number of general advantages over the default mode of permitting application traffic directly to internal hosts Firewalls 10 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway i Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems ii Robust authentication and logging pre authenticates application traffic before it reaches internal hosts and causes it to be logged more effectively than if it were logged with standard host logging Filtering rules at the packet filtering router can be less complex than they would be if the router needed to filter application traffic and direct it to a number of specific systems The router need only allow application traffic destined for the application gateway and reject the rest 10 2 3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets agains
42. Global Addresses IGA Assigned by ISP Figure 9 12 NAT Example 1 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation Ethernet Service Type Standard My Login N A My Password N A Login Server IP N A IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A p one 4 s Gateway IP Address N A A UA Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 13 Menu 4 Internet Access amp NAT Example NAT 9 17 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway From menu 4 shown above simply choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation field This is the Many to One mapping discussed in section 9 5 The SUA Only read only option from the Network Address Translation field in menus 4 and 11 3 is specifically pre configured to handle this case 9 5 2 Example 2 Internet Access with an Inside Server Inside Local One Dynamic PC 3 A m Addresses ILA Inside Global Addresses IGA Assigned by ISP Inside Server IP 192 168 1 10 Figure 9 14 NAT Example 2 In this case you do exactly as above use the convenient pre configured SUA Only set and also go to menu 15 2 to specify the Inside Server behind the NAT as shown in the next figure 9 18 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15 2 NAT Server Setup 253 Os 05 0 0 Ter 0 40 0 0 0 C oooooooood Uooooooooocive 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 jT 026 026 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Ca
43. IP address but not both You can configure multiple SAs between the same local and remote IP addresses as long as only one is active at any time Addr Type Press SPACE BAR to choose SINGLE RANGE or SUBNET and press ENTER Select SINGLE with a single IP address Use RANGE for a specific range of IP addresses Use SUBNET to specify IP addresses on a network by their subnet mask SUBNET IP Addr Start When the Addr Type field is configured to Single enter a static IP address on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field is configured to Range enter the beginning static IP address in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field is configured to SUBNET enter a static IP address on the network behind the remote IPSec router This field displays N A when you configure the Secure Gateway Addr field to 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 End When the Addr Type field is configured to Single this field is N A When the Addr Type field is configured to Range enter the end static IP address in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field is configured to SUBNET enter a subnet mask on the network behind the remote IPSec router This field displays N A when you configure the Secure Gateway Addr field to 0 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 VPN IPSec Setup 26 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Secur
44. IP filter rules are used to filter IP Rule packets while generic filter rules allow filtering of non IP packets TCP IP Filter Rule Active Select Yes to turn on the filter rule or No to turn it off Yes Offset Enter the starting byte of the data portion in the packet that you wish to 0 compare The range for this field is from 0 to 255 Default Length Enter the byte count of the data portion in the packet that you wish to 0 compare The range for this field is 0 to 8 Default Mask Enter the mask in Hexadecimal notation to apply to the data portion before comparison Value Enter the value in Hexadecimal notation to compare with the data portion More If Yes a matching packet is passed to the next filter rule before an Yes action is taken else the packet is disposed of according to the action No fields If More is Yes then Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be No Log Select the logging option from the following None No packets will be logged None Action Matched Only packets that match the rule parameters will be Action Matched logged Action Not Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule Matched parameters will be logged Both Both All packets will be logged Action Select the action for a packet matching the rule Check Next Rule Matched Forward Drop Action Not Select the action for a packet not matching the rule Check Next Rule Matched Forward Drop Filter Configuration 18
45. LAN rs wae anaes Bw F d bt N WAN E d j Protected K l LAN User A f 3 f initiates a Telnet sessioh vov a D n ZyWALL Figure 10 5 Stateful Inspection The previous figure shows the ZyW ALL s default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed However other Telnet traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked 10 5 1 Stateful Inspection Process In this example the following sequence of events occurs when a TCP packet leaves the LAN network through the firewall s WAN interface The TCP packet is the first in a session and the packet s application layer protocol is configured for a firewall rule inspection 1 The packet travels from the firewall s LAN to the WAN 2 The packet is evaluated against the interface s existing outbound access list and the packet is permitted a denied packet would simply be dropped at this point 10 8 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 The packet is inspected by a firewall rule to determine and record information about the state of the packet s connection This information is recorded in a new state table entry created for the new connection If there is not a firewall rule for this packet and it is not an attack then The default action for packets not matching following rules field see Figure 13 3
46. NAT SUP aie t e ii e aedi e ER or ra Hg o T EUR de d 9 8 9 3 Address Mapping Sets ce teure t MEE E he deter an 9 8 9 4 NAT Server Sets Port Forwarding sess 9 13 9 4 1 Configuring a Server behind NAT essen 9 14 9 5 General NAT Examples eae ee ete it te i tiet de e s 9 16 9 5 1 Internet Access Only ore dete aate ede p t te atu B e te 9 16 9 5 2 Example 2 Internet Access with an Inside Server sse 9 17 9 5 3 Example 3 Multiple Public IP Addresses With Inside Servers sess 9 18 9 5 4 Example 4 NAT Unfriendly Application Programs sese 9 22 FIREWALL AND CONTENT FILTERS esee esee stent tn tn tn sna n etiatn tutus netta satu suse ne sets sn tn sn sensn ns IH Ch pter llBoul ri 10 1 10 1 What 1s Firewall ctr ce cite aeo Rone RE ER PO dime NI tei n 10 1 10 2 Types of Firewalls 335 tese NR eR e RR I De S et 10 1 10 2 1 Packet Filtering Firewalls eese eret nennen rennen enne enn 10 1 10 2 2 Application level Firewalls esee E 10 1 10 2 3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls essere enne 10 2 10 3 Introduction to ZyXEL s Firewall eeeseseseeseeeer ener nennen 10 2 10 4 Denial of Services a na aan cia EE se ERR TR Pe E e tu eerte rs 10 3 TOAD JBaSICS zuiteesumtiece ndi guanti tubum aurei f edu tt iie 10 3 10 4
47. RIP Direction None Version N A Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 9 17 Example 3 Menu 11 3 The following figure shows how to configure the first rule Menu 15 1 1 1 Address Mapping Rule pene Local IP Global IE Start End N4 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 9 18 Example 3 Menu 15 1 1 1 NAT 9 21 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules Global End IP 192 168 1 10 192 168 1 11 0 0 0 0 2554255 25531255 Action Edit Select Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 19 Example 3 Final Menu 15 1 1 Now configure the IGA3 to map to our web server and mail server on the LAN Step 8 Enter 15 from the main menu Step 9 Now enter 2 from this menu and configure it as shown in Figure 9 20 Menu 15 2 NAT Server Setup End Port No IP Address Default 80 25 OOOO OO OOF ia oooooooo bo oooooooo l no ooooooooloo 026 RR Reserved U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 026 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 20 Example 3 Menu 15 2 9 22 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 9 5 4 Example 4 NAT Unfriendly Application Programs Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation In this case it is better to use Many One to One mapping as port numbers do not change for Many One to One and One to One NAT mapping type
48. Remote Node Filter 7 1 Remote Node Profile From the main menu select menu option 11 to open Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile There are two variations of this menu depending on whether you choose Ethernet Encapsulation or PPPoE Encapsulation 7 1 1 Ethernet Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet The first menu 11 1 screen you see is for Ethernet encapsulation shown next Remote Node Setup 7 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name ChangeMe Route IP Active Yes Encapsulation Ethernet Edit IP No Service Type Standard Session Options Service Name N A Edit Filter Sets No Outgoing My Login N A My Password N A Server IP N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 7 1 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation Table 7 1 Fields in Menu 11 1 your PPPoE service here Only valid with PPPoE encapsulation FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Rem Node Name Enter a descriptive name for the remote node This field can be LAoffice up to eight characters Active Press SPACE BAR to select Yes activate remote node or No Yes deactivate remote node Encapsulation Ethernet is the default encapsulation Press SPACE BAR if you Ethernet wish to change to PPPoE encapsulation Service Type Press SPACE BAR to select from Standard RR Toshiba Standard R
49. Restore Configuration section or by following the instructions in Menu 24 7 2 System Maintenance Upload System Configuration File for console port 21 10 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway WARNING DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL 21 4 1 Firmware File Upload FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration To use this feature your computer must have an FTP client When you telnet into the ZyWALL you will see the following screens for uploading firmware and the configuration file using FTP Menu 24 7 1 System Maintenance Upload System Firmware To upload the system firmware follow the procedure below Launch the FTP client on your workstation Type open and the IP address of your system Then type root and SMT password as requested Type put firmwarefilename ras where firmwarefilename is the name of your firmware upgrade file on your workstation and ras is the remote file name on the system The system reboots automatically after a successful firmware upload For details on FTP commands please consult the documentation of your FTP client program For details on uploading system firmware using TFTP note that you must remain on this menu to upload system firmware using TFTP please see your manual Press ENTER to Exit Figure 21 13 Telnet into Menu 24 7 1
50. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices SNMP is a member of TCP IP protocol suite Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent functionality which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network The ZyWALL supports SNMP version one SNMPv1 The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation SNMP 19 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Managed Device Managed Device Managed Device Figure 19 1 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main components agents and a manager An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device the ZyWALL An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices The managed devices contain object variables managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device Examples of variables include such as number of packets received node port status etc A Management Information Base MIB is a collection of managed objects SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects SNMP itself is a simple request response protocol based on the manager agent model
51. Scheduling Configure call time periods to restrict and allow access for users on remote nodes PPPoE PPPoE facilitates the interaction of a host with an Internet modem to achieve access to high speed data networks via a familiar dial up networking user interface PPTP Encapsulation Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server creating a Virtual Private Network VPN using a TCP IP based network PPTP supports on demand multi protocol and virtual private networking over public networks such as the Internet The ZyWALL supports one PPTP server connection at any given time Dynamic DNS Support With Dynamic DNS support you can have a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address allowing the host to be more easily accessible from various locations on the Internet You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS client to use this service IP Multicast Deliver IP packets to a specific group of hosts only using IP multicast IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol is the protocol used to support multicast groups The latest version is version 2 see RFC 2236 the ZyWALL supports both versions 1 and 2 IP Alias IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the
52. Services box on the right then click lt lt Action for Matched Should packets that match this rule be blocked or Block Packets forwarded Make your choice from the drop down F d list box Note that Block means the firewall silently SPESE discards the packet Log This field determines if a log is created for packets Match that match the rule don t match the rule both or no Not Match log is created OPNS Both None Alert Check the Alert check box to determine that this When you have finished click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen Cancel to exit this screen without saving or Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 13 5 2 Source and Destination Addresses To add a new source or destination address click SrcAdd or DestAdd from the previous screen To edit an existing source or destination address select it from the box and click SrcEdit or DestEdit from the previous screen Either action displays the following screen Creating Custom Rules 13 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway RULE IP CONFIG Local Network to Internet Subnet Address 0 0 0 0 CUSTOM PORTS 0 0 0 0 Status Ready Figure 13 5 Adding Editing Source and Destination Addresses 13 12 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 4 Adding Editing Source and Destination Addresses FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to pa
53. Summary Local Addr Start Remote Addr Start Local Addr End Remote Addr End 168 1 38 16 2 46 L 255 0 0 168 1 42 IPSec Algorithm Secure GW Addr ESP DES MD5 193781 13 2 AH SHA1 zwo0test zyxel ESP DES MD5 0 0 0 0 Select Command None Select Rule N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 26 6 Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary Table 26 3 Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This is the VPN policy index number 1 Name This field displays the unique identification name for this VPN rule The Taiwan name may be up to 32 characters long but only 10 characters will be displayed here A Y signifies that this VPN rule is active Y Local Addr When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to 192 168 1 35 Start Single this is a static IP address on the LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range this is the beginning static IP address in a range of computers on the LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to SUBNET this is a static IP address on the LAN behind your ZyWALL 26 6 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 3 Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Local Addr End When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Single
54. System are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN For some dial up services such as PPPoE or PPTP NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls You can configure NetBIOS filters to e Block NetBIOS packets from being sent from the LAN to the WAN e Block NetBIOS packets from being sent from the LAN to the DMZ e Allow NetBIOS packets to be sent through VPN connections e Block NetBIOS packets from initiating calls Display NetBIOS Filter Settings Syntax sys filter netbios disp This command gives a read only list of the current NetBIOS filter modes NetBIOS Filter Status LAN to WAN Forward LAN to DMZ Forward IPSec Packets Forward Trigger Dial Disabled Diagram 9 NetBIOS Display Filter Settings Command NetBIOS Filter Commands W ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The filter types and their default settings are as follows NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT LAN to WAN This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or Forward forwarded from the LAN to the WAN LAN to DMZ This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or Forward forwarded from the LAN to the DMZ IPSec Packets This field displays whether NetBIOS packets sent through a VPN Forward connection are blocked or forwarded Trigger dial This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are allowed to initiate Disabled calls Disabled means that N
55. The following figure illustrates the logic flow when executing a filter rule See also Figure 18 8 for the logic flow when executing an IP filter 18 2 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Packet into J filter Fetch First A Filter Set Filter Set gt Fetch Next Fetch First Filter Set Filter Rule Fetch Next Filter Rule gt Yes LY Yes Next Filter Se Available Yes Y Execute No Filter Rule Check Next Rule l Forward ea Dop y 2 Drop ERI ZUM rat AE P m Figure 18 2 Filter Rule Process Filter Configuration 18 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets With each filter set having up to six rules you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port 18 2 Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set follow the procedure below For more information on menus 21 2 and 21 3 please see the firewall chapters Step 1 Select option 21 Filter Set Configuration from the main menu to open menu 21 Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Filter Setup Firewall Setup View Firewall Log Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 18 4 Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Step 2 Enter 1 to bring up the following menu 18 4 Filter Configuration Zy
56. are applied at the point when the ZyWALL is receiving and sending the packets i e the interface The interface can be an Ethernet port or any other hardware port The following diagram illustrates this Figure 18 13 Protocol and Device Filter Sets 18 5 Firewall Firewall configuration is discussed in the firewall chapters of this manual Further comparisons are also made there between filtering NAT and the firewall Filter Configuration 18 17 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 18 6 Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults This section shows you where to apply the filter s after you design it them Sets of factory default filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls and block incoming telnet FTP and HTTP connections If you do not activate the firewall it is advisable to apply these default filters as shown next 18 6 1 LAN traffic LAN traffic filter sets may be useful to block certain packets reduce traffic and prevent security breaches Go to menu 3 1 shown next and enter the number s of the filter set s that you want to apply as appropriate You can choose up to four filter sets from twelve by entering their numbers separated by commas e g 3 4 6 11 Input filter sets filter incoming traffic to the ZyWALL and output filter sets filter outgoing traffic from the ZyWALL See the appendix on filter commands for information on the factory default Ne
57. are truncated Fill in the Key1 field when you choose DES and fill in fields Key1 to Key3 when you choose 3DES 89abcde Key2 Enter a unique eight character key It can be comprised of any character including spaces but trailing spaces are truncated Key3 Enter a unique eight character key It can be comprised of any character including spaces but trailing spaces are truncated 26 18 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 7 Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Authentication Algorithm Press SPACE BAR to choose from MD5 or SHA1 and then press ENTER MD5 Key Enter the authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable The key must be unique Enter 16 characters for MD5 authentication and 20 characters for SHA 1 authentication Any character may be used including spaces but trailing spaces are truncated 123456789abcde AH Setup The AH Setup fields are N A if you chose an ESP Active Protocol SPI Decimal The SPI must be from one to four unique decimal characters O to 9 long N A Authentication Algorithm Press SPACE BAR to choose from MD5 or SHA1 and then press ENTER N A Key Enter the authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable The key must be unique Enter 16 characters for MD5 authentication and 20 characters for SHA 1 authentication Any character ma
58. been completed see Figure 10 2 For UDP half open means that the firewall has detected no return traffic The ZyWALL measures both the total number of existing half open sessions and the rate of session establishment attempts Both TCP and UDP half open sessions are counted in the total number and rate measurements Measurements are made once a minute When the number of existing half open sessions rises above a threshold max incomplete high the ZyWALL starts deleting half open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests The ZyWALL continues to delete half open requests as necessary until the number of existing half open sessions drops below another threshold max incomplete low When the rate of new connection attempts rises above a threshold one minute high the ZyWALL starts deleting half open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests The ZyWALL continues to delete half open sessions as necessary until the rate of new connection attempts drops below another threshold one minute low The rate is the number of new attempts detected in the last one minute sample period TCP Maximum Incomplete and Blocking Time An unusually high number of half open sessions with the same destination host address could indicate that a Denial of Service attack is being launched against the host Whenever the number of half open sessions with the same destination host address rises above a threshold TCP Maximum Inc
59. choose from Refresh Disconnect None Next Refresh Command Page or Previous Page and then press ENTER You must select a connection in the next field when you choose the Disconnect command Refresh displays current active VPN connections None allows you to jump to the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt Select Next Page or Previous Page to view the next or previous page of rules respectively Select Type the VPN connection index number that you want to disconnect and 1 Connection then press ENTER When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your 27 2 SA Monitor ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27 1 Menu 27 2 SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel SA Monitor 27 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 28 IPSec Log This chapter interprets common IPSec log messages 28 1 VPN Initiator IPSec Log To view the IPSec and IKE connection log type 3 in menu 27 and press ENTER to display the IPSec log as shown next The following figure shows a typical log from the initiator of a VPN connection Index Date Time Main Mode request to lt 192 168 100 101 gt lt SA gt lt SA gt lt KE gt lt NONCE gt lt KE gt lt NONCE gt lt ID gt lt HASH gt lt ID gt lt HASH gt Phase 1 IKE SA process done Start Phase 2
60. configure the Type Local and Global Start End IPs An End IP address must be numerically greater than its corresponding IP Start address Menu 15 1 1 1 Address Mapping Rule Type One to One Local IP Start End N A Global IP Start End N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 9 9 Menu 15 1 1 1 Editing Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set 9 12 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9 6 Menu 15 1 1 1 Editing Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Type Press SPACE BAR to toggle through a total of five types These One to One are the mapping types discussed in Table 9 2 Server allows you to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this computer See section 9 5 3 for an example Local IP Only local IP fields are N A for server Global IP fields MUST be set for Server Start This is the starting local IP address ILA 0 0 0 0 End This is the ending local IP address ILA If the rule is for all local IPs N A then put the Start IP as 0 0 0 0 and the End IP as 255 255 255 255 This field is N A for One to One and Server types Global IP Start This is the starting global IP address IGA If you have a dynamic 0 0 0 0 IP enter 0 0 0 0 as the Global IP Start Note that Global IP Start can be set to 0 0 0 0 only if the types are Many to One or Server End This is the ending
61. create a cache entry Its IP address and port pairs will be stored For a short period of time UDP packets from the WAN that have matching IP and UDP information will be allowed back in through the firewall A similar situation exists for ICMP except that the ZyWALL is even more restrictive Specifically only outgoing echoes will allow incoming echo replies outgoing address mask requests will allow incoming address mask replies and outgoing timestamp requests will allow incoming timestamp replies No other ICMP packets are allowed in through the firewall simply because they are too dangerous and contain too 10 10 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway little tracking information For instance ICMP redirect packets are never allowed in since they could be used to reroute traffic through attacking machines 10 5 5 Upper Layer Protocols Some higher layer protocols such as FTP and RealAudio utilize multiple network connections simultaneously In general terms they usually have a control connection which is used for sending commands between endpoints and then data connections which are used for transmitting bulk information Consider the FTP protocol A user on the LAN opens a control connection to a server on the Internet and requests a file At this point the remote server will open a data connection from the Internet For FTP to work properly this connection must be allowed to pass through even though a connectio
62. determines the action for this packet 4 Basedon the obtained state information a firewall rule creates a temporary access list entry that is inserted at the beginning of the WAN interface s inbound extended access list This temporary access list entry 1s designed to permit inbound packets of the same connection as the outbound packet just inspected 5 The outbound packet is forwarded out through the interface 6 Later an inbound packet reaches the interface This packet is part of the connection previously established with the outbound packet The inbound packet is evaluated against the inbound access list and is permitted because of the temporary access list entry previously created 7 The packet is inspected by a firewall rule and the connection s state table entry is updated as necessary Based on the updated state information the inbound extended access list temporary entries might be modified in order to permit only packets that are valid for the current state of the connection 8 Any additional inbound or outbound packets that belong to the connection are inspected to update the state table entry and to modify the temporary inbound access list entries as required and are forwarded through the interface 9 When the connection terminates or times out the connection s state table entry is deleted and the connection s temporary inbound access list entries are deleted 10 5 2 Stateful Inspection and the ZyWALL Additional r
63. displays whether the packet was blocked or block forward forwarded None means that no action is dictated by this rule enone After viewing the firewall log ENTER y to clear the log or n to retain it With either option you will be returned to Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 12 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator This chapter shows you how to configure your firewall with the web configurator 12 1 Web Configurator Login and Main Menu Screens Use the ZyWALL web configurator to configure your firewall To get started follow the steps shown next Step 1 Launch your web browser and enter 192 168 1 1 as the URL Step 2 Enter 1234 default as the password and click Login If a password appears automatically just click Login You should see a screen asking you to change your password highly recommended Step 3 Either enter a new password and retype it to confirm and click Login or click Ignore to display the MAIN MENU screen Use the Help icon in the web configurator for explanations of the fields If you forget your password refer to the Resetting the ZyWALL section to see how to reset the default configuration file Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator 12 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 12 2 Enabling the Firewall Click Advanced Firewall Configuration and then the Config tab Enable or activate the fir
64. field min and all old incomplete sessions will be cleared during this period If you want strong security it is better to block the traffic for a short time as it will give the server some time to digest the loading Select this check box to specify a number in minutes min text box min Enter the length of Blocking Time in minutes When you have finished click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen Cancel to exit this screen without saving or Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 12 10 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 13 Creating Custom Rules This chapter contains instructions for defining both Local Network and Internet rules 13 1 Rules Overview Firewall rules are subdivided into Local Network and Internet By default the ZyWALL s stateful packet inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the local network and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet You may define additional rules and sets or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so If you try to configure rules but do not have a good understanding of how rules work you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network You should be sure you test your rules after you configure them For example you may cr
65. from the Internet will be forwarded Click Apply to save your settings This will block all other WAN back to the ZyWALL to LAN traffic Figure 16 10 Example Internet to Local Network Rule Summary Example Firewall Rules 16 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 16 1 3 Example 3 DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet The following are some Internet firewall rule examples that allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL and allow a syslog connection from the Internet Follow the procedure shown next to first configure a custom port Step 1 Click the Custom Ports link and then click Edit to display the following screen PORT CONFIG CUSTOM PORTS Figure 16 11 Custom Port for Syslog Syslog is now a predefined service 16 12 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Custom ports show up with an before their names in the Services list box and the Rule Summary list box Click Apply after you ve created your custom port Step 2 Follow the procedures outlined in the previous examples to configure all your rules You should configure the rule configuration screen like the one below and apply it RULE CONFIG Internet to Local Network F Source IP Attkess dli Destination IP Address flle 10 0 0 10 10 0 0 15 Any CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS POP TCP 110 Any TCP Any UDP BGP TCP 179 BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68
66. gateway for each LAN network SNMP SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices SNMP is a member of the TCP IP protocol suite Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent functionality which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network The ZyWALL supports SNMP version one SNMPv1 1 2 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Network Address Translation NAT NAT Network Address Translation NAT RFC 1631 allows the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network Port Forwarding Use this feature to forward incoming service requests to a server on your local network You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded and the local IP address of the desired server DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol allows the individual clients workstations to obtain the TCP IP configuration at start up from a centralized DHCP server The ZyWALL has built in DHCP server capability enabled by default which means it can assign IP addresses an IP default gateway and DNS servers to Windows 9X Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client The ZyWALL can now also act as a surrogate DHCP server DHCP Relay where it relays IP address assignment from the a
67. global IP address IGA This field is N A for One N A to One Many to One and Server types Once you have finished configuring a rule in this menu press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel 9 4 NAT Server Sets Port Forwarding A NAT server set is a list of inside behind NAT on the LAN servers for example web or FTP that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world Use Menu 15 NAT Setup to forward incoming service requests to the server s on your local network You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded and the local IP address of the desired server The port number identifies a service for example web service 1s on port 80 and FTP on port 21 In some cases such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service for example both FTP and web service it might be better to specify a range of port numbers Entry 12 port 1026 is non editable see Figure 9 10 NAT 9 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway In addition to the servers for specified services NAT supports a default server A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server If the default is not defined the service request is simply discarded Many residen
68. gt rule lt rule gt TCP destport range lt start port gt lt end port gt config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt UDP destport single lt port gt config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt UDP destport range lt start port gt lt end port gt config delete firewall e mail config delete firewall attack config delete firewall set lt set gt config delete firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt DESCRIPTION This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for TCP traffic with a destination port in this range This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for UDP traffic with this destination address You may repeat this command to enter various non consecutive port numbers This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for UDP traffic with a destination port in this range This command removes all of the settings for e mail alert This command resets all of the attack response settings to their defaults This command removes the specified set from the firewall configuration This command removes the specified rule in a firewall configuration set Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix NetBIOS Filter Commands The following describes the NetBIOS packet filter commands See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure Introduction NetBIOS Network Basic Input Output
69. ida peii aene 5 2 5 32 DHCP Configuration eesssessesseeeee eee enne nnne en eren nre erre nnne nine 5 2 5 3 3 IP Addtress and Subnet Mask eet eee aon E A ks 5 2 5 3 4 Private IP Addresses oett basi e te eet 5 3 5 3 5 RIP SSO tu p sess 5 4 5 3 6 P MGa Si a dG evens 5 4 Table of Contents ix ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 5 3 7 IP PAM aS c e tuis DOR AU E Ae ae A KL Edd 5 5 5 4 TCP IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu ssssseseseeseeeeeereneren ener 5 5 5 4 1 TP Alias Setup i ete ee Rat oe was FUTTER It T 5 7 Chapter 6 Internet NV 6 1 6 1 Int rnet ACCESS Setups imitetur ee Ug uere IRR eS 6 1 6 1 1 Ethernet Encapsulation recette eee HR ee bee Perd 6 1 6 1 2 PPTP Encapsulation c ERN RR SUR tede Re Deren ee 6 2 6 1 3 Configuring the PPTP Client 2 inet BU Oe ies 6 3 6 1 4 PPPOE Encapsulation ze ee ted 6 3 6 2 B sic Setup Complete dene ue e e bu RR e Ne ad etna 6 5 ADVANCED APPLICATIONS eee eoe en eo py reet neo ep epe Nee eet voee Dee Eee ra e eode va ea aene eee E eS Ue eges Cea cava arp Euge rk I Chapter 7 Remote Node Setup ssccsccccccseccsccscssssvesenssssssseowaesonvscesssseescensesesecsenssvsnadccunsssbonsesassssencetecsesesesess 7 1 7 Remote Node Profile on eet d ede t e eter i te PP DOPO Rees 7 1 7 1 1 Ethernet Encapsulation Rae et E b ede UR RR RE en 7 1 7 1 3 PPTP Enc psulation 5 5
70. is better to allow only certain machines on the Internet to access the LAN 13 2 2 Security Ramifications Once the logic of the rule has been defined it is critical to consider the security ramifications created by the tule 1 Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet For example if IRC is blocked are there users that require this service 2 Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific For example if IRC is blocked for all users will a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective 3 Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security vulnerability For example if FTP ports TCP 20 21 are allowed from the Internet to the LAN Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers 4 Does this rule conflict with any existing rules Once these questions have been answered adding rules is simply a matter of plugging the information into the correct fields in the Rules screen in the web configurator 13 2 3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules Action Should the action be to Block or Forward Block means the firewall silently discards the packet Service Select the service from the Service scrolling list box If the service is not listed it is necessary to first define it See section 13 5 for more information on predefined services 13 2 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Ga
71. is the ability to block certain web features or specific URLs and should not be confused with packet filtering via SMT menu 21 1 To access these functions from the Main Menu click Advanced then Content Filter to expand the Content Filter menus 17 1 Categories 17 1 1 Restrict Web Features The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls Java applets cookies and disable web proxies 17 1 2 Filter List The administrator can select categories such as pornography or racial intolerance to block or monitor from a pre defined list There is a period of free use of the list when you register the ZyWALL After this period you must subscribe to the list periodically 17 1 3 Time of Day The ZyWALL also allows the administrator to define time periods during which content filtering should be enabled 17 2 List Update Content on the Internet is constantly changing so the content filter list should be updated on a weekly basis 17 3 Exempt Computers This link allows the administrator to include or exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering Content Filtering 17 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 17 4 Customizing Customize the content filter list by adding or removing specific sites from the filter list 17 5 Keywords The ZyWALL can also be configured to block certain Web sites by using URL keywords 17 6 Logs This screen records the results of your content filter policies 17
72. its corresponding IP address and vice versa e g the IP address of www zyxel com is 204 217 0 2 The DNS server is extremely important because without it you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses The first is for an ISP to tell a customer the DNS server addresses usually in the form of an information sheet when you sign up If your ISP gives you the DNS server addresses enter them in the DNS Server fields in DHCP Setup The second is to leave this field blank i e 0 0 0 0 in this case the ZyWALL acts as a DNS proxy Table 5 1 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses Choose an IP address 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 32 192 168 1 65 192 168 1 254 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway or default route 192 168 1 1 ZyWALL LAN IP address 5 3 3 IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number 5 2 LAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number then most likely you have a single user a
73. number of standardized cryptographic techniques to provide confidentiality data integrity and authentication at the IP layer 25 1 3 Security Association A Security Association SA is a contract between two parties indicating what security parameters such as keys and algorithms they will use 25 1 4 Other Terminology gt Encryption Encryption is a mathematical operation that transforms data from plaintext readable to ciphertext scrambled text using a key The key and clear text are processed by the encryption operation which leads to the data scrambling that makes encryption secure Decryption is the opposite of encryption it is a mathematical operation that transforms ciphertext to plaintext Decryption also requires a key Introduction to IPSec 25 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Plaintext Encryption Ciphertex Key Ciphertext Decryption Plaintext Key Figure 25 1 Encryption and Decryption gt Data Confidentiality The IPSec sender can encrypt packets before transmitting them across a network gt Data Integrity The IPSec receiver can validate packets sent by the IPSec sender to ensure that the data has not been altered during transmission gt Data Origin Authentication The IPSec receiver can verify the source of IPSec packets This service depends on the data integrity service 25 1 5 VPN Applications The ZyWALL 10 supports 10 Security Associations and the ZyWALL 50 supports 50
74. purchaser To obtain the services of this warranty contact ZyXEL s Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number RMA Products must be returned Postage Prepaid It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out dated warranty will be repaired or replaced at the discretion of ZyXEL and the customer will be billed for parts and labor All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address Postage Paid This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country Online Registration Register online at www zyxel com for free future product updates and information vi ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support Product model and serial number Information in Menu 24 2 1 System Information Warranty Information Date that you received your device Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it METHOD E MAIL SUPPORT SALES TELEPHONE FAX WEB SITE FTP SITE LOCATION REGULAR MAIL www zyxel com support zyxel com tw 886 3 578 3942 europe zyxel com WORLDWIDE sales zyxel com tw 886 3 578 2439 ftp europe zyxel com support zyxel com Te www zyxel com i zyxel NORTH 800 255 4101 AMERICA sales
75. rules to check which form a rule chain with the present rule An action cannot be taken until the rule chain is complete N means there are no more rules to check You can specify an action to be taken i e forward the packet drop the packet or check the next rule For the latter the next rule is independent of the rule just checked m Action Matched F means to forward the packet immediately and skip checking the remaining rules D means to drop the packet N means to check the next rule n Action Not Matched F means to forward the packet immediately and skip checking the remaining rules D means to drop the packet N means to check the next rule The protocol dependent filter rules abbreviation are listed as follows Table 18 2 Rule Abbreviations Used ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION IP Pr Protocol SA Source Address SP Source Port number DA Destination Address 18 6 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18 2 Rule Abbreviations Used ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION DP Destination Port number GEN Off Offset Len Length Refer to the next section for information on configuring the filter rules 18 2 2 Configuring a Filter Rule To configure a filter rule type its number in Menu 21 1 Filter Rules Summary and press ENTER to open menu 21 1 1 for the rule To speed up filtering all rules in a filter set must be of the same c
76. s type of key management IKE or Manual IKE Remote Addr Start When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Single this is a static IP address on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range this is the beginning static IP address in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to SUBNET this is a static IP address on the network behind the remote IPSec router This field displays N A when you configure the Secure Gateway Addr 172 16 2 40 VPN IPSec Setup 26 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 3 Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE field in SMT 27 1 1 to 0 0 0 0 Remote When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to 172 16 2 46 Addr End Single this is the same static IP address as in the Remote Addr Start field When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range this is the end static IP address in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to SUBNET this is a subnet mask on the network behind the remote IPSec router This field displays N A when you configure the Secure Gateway Addr field in SMT 27 1 1 to 0 0 0 0
77. seconds This indicates that the defaults have been restored and the ZyWALL is now restarting Release the RESET button and wait for the ZyWALL to finish restarting Initial Setup 3 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 4 General and WAN Setup Menu 1 General Setup contains administrative and system related information Clone a LAN computer MAC address in the Menu 2 WAN Setup 4 1 System Name System Name is for identification purposes ZyXEL recommends you enter your computer s Computer name e In Windows 95 98 click Start gt Settings gt Control Panel and then double click Network Click the Identification tab note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the ZyWALL System Name e In Windows 2000 click Start gt Settings gt Control Panel and then double click System Click the Network Identification tab and then the Properties button Note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the ZyWALL System Name e In Windows XP click start My Computer gt View system information and then click the Computer Name tab Note the entry in the Full computer name field and enter it as the Prestige System Name The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN If you leave this field blank the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used While you must enter the host name System Name on each individual computer the domain name can be assigned from t
78. space and the IP address of your ZyWALL Step 3 Press ENTER when prompted for a username Step 4 Enter your password as requested the default is 1234 Step 5 Enter bin to set transfer mode to binary Step 6 Use get to transfer files from the ZyWALL to the computer for example get rom 0 config rom transfers the configuration file on the Zy WALL to your computer and renames it config rom See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions Step 7 Enter quit to exit the FTP prompt 21 2 3 Example of FTP Commands from the Command Line Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 331 Enter PASS command Password 230 Logged in ftp gt bin 200 Type I OK ftp get rom 0 zyxel rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp 16384 bytes sent in 1 10Seconds 297 89Kbytes sec ftp quit Figure 21 2 FTP Session Example 21 2 4 GUI Based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI Based FTP clients Table 21 2 General Commands for GUI Based FTP Clients COMMAND DESCRIPTION Host Address Enter the address of the host server Login Type Anonymous This is when a user I D and password is automatically supplied to the server for anonymous access Anonymous logins will work only if your ISP or service administrator has ena
79. specific interfaces 6 Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active 7 Keep the firewall in a secured locked room Firewalls 10 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 10 6 1 Security In General You can never be too careful Factors outside your firewall filtering or NAT can cause security breaches Below are some generalizations about what you can do to minimize them 1 11 Encourage your company or organization to develop a comprehensive security plan Good network administration takes into account what hackers can do and prepares against attacks The best defense against hackers and crackers is information Educate all employees about the importance of security and how to minimize risk Produce lists like this one DSL or cable modem connections are always on connections and are particularly vulnerable because they provide more opportunities for hackers to crack your system Turn your computer off when not in use Never give out a password or any sensitive information to an unsolicited telephone call or e mail Never e mail sensitive information such as passwords credit card information etc without encrypting the information first Never submit sensitive information via a web page unless the web site uses secure connections You can identify a secure connection by looking for a small key icon on the bottom of your browser Internet Explorer 3 02 or better or Netscape 3 0 or
80. the action is not matched no 23 matter whether there are more rules to be checked there aren t in this example Figure 18 12 Example Filter Rules Summary Menu 21 1 3 After you ve created the filter set you must apply it Step 1 Enter 11 from the main menu to go to menu 11 Step 2 Go to the Edit Filter Sets field press SPACE BAR to select Yes and press ENTER Step 3 This brings you to menu 11 5 Apply a filter set our example filter set 3 as shown in Figure 18 15 Step 4 Press ENTER to confirm after you enter the set numbers and to leave menu 11 5 18 16 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 18 4 Filter Types and NAT There are two classes of filter rules Generic Filter Device rules and Protocol Filter TCP IP rules Generic Filter rules act on the raw data from to LAN and WAN Protocol Filter rules act on the IP packets Generic and TCP IP filter rules are discussed in more detail in the next section When NAT Network Address Translation is enabled the inside IP address and port number are replaced on a connection by connection basis which makes it impossible to know the exact address and port on the wire Therefore the ZyWALL applies the protocol filters to the native IP address and port number before NAT for outgoing packets and after NAT for incoming packets On the other hand the generic or device filters are applied to the raw packets that appear on the wire They
81. to check with the Offset from 0 and the Length fields both in bytes The ZyWALL applies the Mask bit wise ANDing to the data portion before comparing the result against the Value to determine a match The Mask and Value are specified in hexadecimal numbers Note that it takes two hexadecimal digits to represent a byte so if the length is 4 the value in either field will take 8 digits e g FFFFFFFF To configure a generic rule select Generic Filter Rule in the Filter Type field in menu 21 1 4 1 and press ENTER to open Generic Filter Rule as shown below Menu 21 1 4 1 Generic Filter Rule Filter 4 4 1 Filter Type Generic Filter Rule Active No Offset 0 Length 0 Mask N A Value N A More No Log None Action Matched Check Next Rule Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 18 9 Menu 21 4 1 1 Generic Filter Rule The following table describes the fields in the Generic Filter Rule Menu 18 12 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18 4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Filter This is the filter set filter rule co ordinates i e 2 3 refers to the second filter set and the third rule of that set Filter Type Use SPACE BAR to select a rule type Parameters displayed below Generic Filter each type will be different TCP
82. to create a new firewall rule New firewall rules are added at the end after existing firewall rules Click Edit to edit an existing filter rule See section 13 5 for more details Click Delete to delete an existing firewall rule Note that subsequent firewall rules move up by one when you take this action Click Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 13 6 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 13 5 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Rule Config uration screen see Figure 13 4 displays all predefined services that the ZyWALL already supports Next to the name of the service two fields appear in brackets The first field indicates the IP protocol type TCP UDP or ICMP The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type For example look at the default configuration labeled DNS UDP TCP 53 means UDP port 53 and TCP port 53 Up to 128 entries are supported Custom services may also be configured using the Custom Ports function discussed later Table 13 2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION AIM TCP 5190 AUTH TCP 113 BGP TCP 179 BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 CU SEEME TCP UDP 7648 24032 DNS UDP TCP 53 FINGER TCP 79 FTP TCP 20 21 H 323 TCP 1720 HTTP TCP 80 HTTPS TCP 443 ICMP ICQ UDP 4000 IKE UDP 500 IPSEC_TUNNEL AH 0
83. to the Edit Manual Setup field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup press SPACE BAR to select Yes and then press ENTER to go to Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup VPN IPSec Setup 26 17 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup Active Protocol ESP Tunnel ESP Setup SPI Encryption ALgorithm DES Keyl Key2 N A Key3 N A Authentication ALgorithm Key N A AH Setup SPI Decimal N A Authentication ALgorithm N A Key Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 26 10 Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup Table 26 7 Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Active Protocol Press SPACE BAR to choose from ESP Tunnel ESP Transport AH Tunnel or AH Transport and then press ENTER Choosing an ESP combination causes the AH Setup fields to be non applicable N A ESP Tunnel ESP Setup The ESP Setup fields are N A if you chose an AH Active Protocol SPI The SPI must be unique and from one to four integers 0 to 9 1234 Encryption ALgorithm Press SPACE BAR to choose from NULL 3DES or DES and then press ENTER Fill in the Key1 field below when you choose DES and fill in fields Key1 to Key3 when you choose 3DES Select NULL to set up a tunnel without encryption When you select NULL you do not enter any encryption keys DES Key1 Enter a unique eight character key Any character may be used including spaces but trailing spaces
84. you are running IPSec on a host computer behind the ZyWALL NAT is incompatible with the AH protocol in both Transport and Tunnel mode An IPSec VPN using the AH protocol digitally signs the outbound packet both data payload and headers with a hash value appended to the packet When using AH protocol packet contents the data payload are not encrypted Introduction to IPSec 25 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn t match The VPN device at the receiving end doesn t know about the NAT in the middle so it assumes that the data has been maliciously altered IPSec using ESP in Tunnel mode encapsulates the entire original packet including headers in a new IP packet The new IP packet s source address is the outbound address of the sending VPN gateway and its destination address is the inbound address of the VPN device at the receiving end When using ESP protocol with authentication the packet contents in this case the entire original packet are encrypted The encrypted contents but not the new headers are signed with a hash value appended to the packet Tunnel mode ESP with authentication is compatible with NAT because
85. you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 26 5 IKE Setup To edit this menu the Key Management field Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup must be set to IKE Move the cursor to the Edit Key Management Setup field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup press SPACE BAR to select Yes and then press ENTER to display Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup 26 5 1IKE Phases There are two phases to every IKE Internet Key Exchange negotiation phase 1 Authentication and phase 2 Key Exchange A phase 1 exchange establishes an IKE SA and the second one uses that SA to negotiate SAs for IPSec 26 12 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway C Phase 2 IKE SA Figure 26 8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must VVVVVV Choose a negotiation mode Authenticate the connection by entering a pre shared key Choose an encryption algorithm Choose an authentication algorithm Choose a Diffie Hellman public key cryptography key group DH1 or DH2 Set the IKE SA lifetime This field allows you to determine how long IKE SA negotiation should proceed before it times out A value of 0 means IKE SA negotiation never times out If IKE SA negotiation times out then both IKE SA and IPSec SA must be renegotiated In phase 2 you must VV VVVWV Choose which protocol to use ESP or AH for the IKE key exchange
86. zyxel com 1 714 632 0858 ftp zyxel com support zyxel dk 45 3955 0700 SCANDINAVIA sales zyxel dk 45 3955 0707 support zyxel de 49 2405 6909 0 www zyxel de GERMANY sales zyxel de 49 2405 6909 99 support zyxel com my 603 795 44 688 www zyxel com my MALAYSIA sales zyxel com my 603 795 34 407 ZyXEL Communications Corp 6 Innovation Road ll Science Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300 Taiwan ZyXEL Communications Inc 1650 Miraloma Avenue Placentia CA 92870 U S A ZyXEL Communications A S Columbusvej 5 2860 Soeborg Denmark ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH Adenauerstr 20 A4 D 52146 Wuerselen Germany Lot B2 06 PJ Industrial Park Section 13 Jalan Kemajuan 46200 Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehasn Malaysia Customer Support vii ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table of Contents COPYING Ws e ii Federal Communications Commission FCC Interference Statement eere iii Information for Canadian Users 4 eee eee etes etes esee eerte osson sovs sao cens sense seta se toss seta se tons seas stans sena iv ZYXEL Limited Warranty H vi CUSTOMER SUPPOME mec vii List OF FIQU e M xvi Iba tlg ee M xxiii Last of Did STAM ree ro eot tet re en eee EL o eo sce sosecedusaceesdesnne ERIS ERE esoe secesose
87. 0 0 0 0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 19 2 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration The following table describes the SNMP configuration parameters Table 19 2 SNMP Configuration Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT Get Enter the Get Community which is the password for the incoming Get public Community and GetNext requests from the management station default Set Community Enter the Set Community which is the password for incoming Set public requests from the management station default Trusted Host If you enter a trusted host your ZyWALL will only respond to SNMP 0 0 0 0 messages from this address If you leave the field set to 0 0 0 0 default default your ZyWALL will respond to all SNMP messages it receives regardless of source Trap Enter the trap community which is the password sent with each trap to public Community the SNMP manager default Trap Enter the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to 0 0 0 0 Destination default Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel Once you have completed filling in Menu 22 SNMP Configuration press ENTER at the message 19 4 SNMP ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 19 4 SNMP Traps The ZyWALL will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs Table 19 3 SNMP Traps TRAP TRAP NAME
88. 1 0010 00 00 00 00 04 01 00 OD 05 B8 DO 00 00 00 00 00 0020 60 02 20 00 EO 6A 00 00 02 04 02 00 Press any key to continue Figure 20 9 Call Triggering Packet Example 20 4 Diagnostic The diagnostic facility allows you to test the different aspects of your ZyWALL to determine if it is working properly Menu 24 4 allows you to choose among various types of diagnostic tests to evaluate your system as shown next System Information amp Diagnosis 20 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic TCP IP 1 Ping Host 2 WAN DHCP Release 3 WAN DHCP Renewal 4 4 Internet Setup Test System 11 Reboot System Enter Menu Selection Number Host IP Address N A Figure 20 10 Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic Follow the procedure below to get to Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic Step 1 From the main menu select option 24 to open Menu 24 System Maintenance Step 2 From this menu select option 4 Diagnostic This will open Menu 24 4 System Maintenance Diagnostic 20 4 1 WAN DHCP DHCP functionality can be enabled on the LAN or WAN as shown in Figure 20 11 LAN DHCP has already been discussed The ZyWALL can act either as a WAN DHCP client IP Address Assignment field in menu 4 or menu 11 3 is Dynamic and the Encapsulation field in menu 4 or menu 11 is Ethernet or None i e you have a static IP The WAN Release and Renewal fields i
89. 100 terminal emulation communications program is configured correctly The communications software should be configured as follows 9600 bps is the default speed on leaving the factory Try other speeds in case the speed has been changed No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit data flow set to none Troubleshooting 29 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 29 2 Problems with the LAN Interface Table 29 2 Troubleshooting the LAN Interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Can t ping any workstation on the LAN Check the 10M 100M LEDs on the front panel One of these LEDs should be on If they are both off check the cables between your ZyWALL and hub or the station Verify that the IP address and the subnet mask are consistent between the ZyWALL and the workstations 29 3 Problems with the WAN interface Table 29 3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Cannot get WAN IP from the ISP The WAN IP is provided when the ISP recognizes the user as an authorized user after verifying the MAC address or Host Name or User ID Find out the verification method used by your ISP If the ISP checks the LAN MAC Address tell the ISP the WAN MAC address of the ZyWALL The WAN MAC can be obtained from menu 24 1 In case the ISP does not allow you to use a new MAC you can clone the MAC from the LAN as the WAN MAC and send it to the ISP using Menu 2
90. 15200 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 20 5 Menu 24 2 2 System Maintenance Change Console Port Speed 20 3 Log and Trace There are two logging facilities in the ZyWALL The first is the error logs and trace records that are stored locally The second is the UNIX syslog facility for message logging 20 3 1 Viewing Error Log The first place you should look for clues when something goes wrong is the error trace log Follow the procedure below to view the local error trace log System Information amp Diagnosis 20 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1 Select option 24 from the main menu to open Menu 24 System Maintenance Step 2 From menu 24 select option 3 to open Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Step 3 Select the first option from Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace to display the error log in the system After the ZyWALL finishes displaying you will have the option to clear the error log Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace 1 View Error Log 2 UNIX Syslog 4 Call Triggering Packet Please enter selection Figure 20 6 Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Log and Trace Examples of typical error and information messages are presented in the figure below 0 Wed Aug 22 21 23 26 2001 PP17 INFO getDateTime fail no server available 1 Wed Aug 22 21 23 26 2001 PP17 FO adjtime task pause 60 sec
91. 2 Types of DOS Attacks coe E EOR E eeiam qr ee ei 10 4 10 5 Stateful icut E 10 7 10 5 1 Stateful Inspection Process ec tee Ie Re alt adh 10 8 10 5 2 Stateful Inspection and the ZyWALL seen ener enne 10 9 10 5 3 VTO PSSN ee bu son ei gun am adve etie ti mte 10 10 Table of Contents xi ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 10 53 45 UDP ICMP SeCUEILy 2c tee UR au ae ie tA eet 10 10 10 5 5 Upper Layer Protocols sedie ete dete de eee E Enea 10 11 10 6 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall eee 10 11 10 6 1 Security In General sssssssssssssseseeseeenenereneen enne en rre 10 12 10 7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall iens eee re RH REL RETO 10 12 TO 7 1 Packet Filterifig eee aeter e RU resi a idle rte Eos 10 13 10 127 CEimew llacis meret UO ah shite tarot tees Qaia ett eis la ee 10 13 Chapter 11 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall 4 eese ee ee eerte eerte eene erento nets astu usen se tnaseno 11 1 11 1 Remote Management and the Firewall sss renes 11 1 11 2 Access Methods up nea cond d CH eti pes 11 1 11 3 Using ZyWALL SMT Menus esses ener enne enne enti nnn nes 11 1 11 3 1 Activating the Firewall seesessesseseeseeeeeneeerenr enne enne eren 11 1 113 2 Viewing the Firewall EOg uie ee REC e e i 11 2 Chapter 12 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator
92. 3 4 Rule Sumrmaty is cedere EU st e SE der sostacton dits n 13 4 13 5 Predefined Services a oiii etes eene ae gh aedi Rees 13 7 13 5 Greating Editing Firewall Rules 4 ecce erecti eH ee RET e ERN cies 13 10 13 5 2 Source and Destination Addresses sese 13 11 13 6 Titrni amp o t 3 seis eh eleven er ee isl cine te eset IR PR HIER REPRE E 13 13 13 6 1 Factors Influencing Choices for Timeout Values sese 13 13 Chapter 14 Custom POrts vsisccccssecssccassscsnesnasessossosasssvsesessessosacccasdsossesnase ones veu Ue E Ue asks cbsesteaseseasensssoswecoanes 14 1 14 1 Introduction E Ae eee e e Oa aide 14 1 14 2 Creating Editing A Custom Port ener i 14 3 Chapter 1S OS eo MD 15 1 15 1 Log SCTE 5255 esses EPOR 15 1 Chapter 16 Example Firewall Rulles sscsscsscsssssssssssessesssensssssssssssesssesseesscsssessssssssssesssnsesnsesssees 16 1 16 1 Example85 57 A tiui at paps bok m titu ius 16 1 16 1 1 Example 1 Firewall Rule To Allow Web Service From The Internet 16 1 16 1 2 Example 2 Small Office With Mail FTP and Web Servers see 16 6 16 1 3 Example 3 DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet 16 12 Chapter 17 Content Filtering o ccccccssssssccccssssesscseeseseseccstcsssevsceecsesvbseotesssvesseansssedscuussssvastsoasesecseetsssosesesess 17 1 17 1 Gate GOMeS co en ok hes seo Ne ee a de RAR ox SR hos oes eo ee eee 17 Tabl
93. 4 in are applied in the remote node then set 1 will take precedence over set 2 3 and 4 as the ZyWALL by default applies the lowest numbered set first Set 2 will take precedence over set 3 and 4 and so on You can design up to twelve schedule sets but you can only apply up to four schedule sets for a remote node Call Scheduling 24 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway To delete a schedule set enter the set number and press SPACE BAR or DELETE in the Edit Name field To setup a schedule set select the schedule set you want to setup from menu 26 1 12 and press ENTER to see Menu 26 1 Schedule Set Setup as shown next Menu 26 1 Schedule Set Setup Active Yes Start Date yyyy mm dd 2000 01 O1 How Often Once Once Date yyyy mm dd 2000 01 01 Weekdays Sunday N A Monday N A Tuesday N A Wednesday N A Thursday N A Friday N A Saturday N A Start Time hh mm 00 00 Duration hh mm 00 00 Action Forced On Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 24 2 Schedule Set Setup If a connection has been already established your ZyWALL will not drop it Once the connection is dropped manually or it times out then that remote node can t be triggered up until the end of the Duration Table 24 1 Schedule Set Setup Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTION Active Press SPACE BAR to toggle between Yes and N
94. 408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPE SA Security Association PROP Proposal 28 4 IPSec Log ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28 3 RFC 2408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPE TRANS Transform KE Key Exchange ID Identification CER Certificate CER_REQ Certificate Request HASH Hash SIG Signature NONCE Nonce NOTFY Notification DE Delete VID Vendor ID IPSec Log 28 5 Troubleshooting Appendices Glossary and Index Part VI Troubleshooting Appendices and Index ee VI ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 29 Troubleshooting This chapter covers potential problems and possible remedies After each problem description some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem Please see our included disk for further information 29 1 Problems Starting Up the ZyWALL Table 29 1 Troubleshooting the Start Up of your ZyWALL PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION None of the LEDs are on when Check the connection between the power adapter and the ZyWALL youtu on tie ZYWALL If the error persists you may have a hardware problem In this case you should contact your vendor Cannot access the ZyWALL via 1 Check to see if the ZyWALL is connected to your computer s the console port serial port 2 Check to see if the VT
95. 5 1 Enter 1 to bring up this menu We ll just look at the differences from the previous menu Note the extra Action and Select Rule fields mean you can configure rules in this screen Note also that the in the Set Name field means that this is a required field and you must enter a name for the set The entire set will be deleted if you leave the Set Name field blank and press ENTER at the bottom of the page 9 10 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules Set Name Idx 2 x 4 Sy 6 Lis 8 9 0 n Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Action Edit Select Rule N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 8 Menu 15 1 1 First Set The Type Local and Global Start End IPs are configured in menu 15 1 1 1 described later and the values are displayed here Ordering Your Rules Ordering your rules is important because the ZyWALL applies the rules in the order that you specify When a rule matches the current packet the ZyWALL takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored If there are any empty rules before your new configured rule your configured rule will be pushed up by that number of empty rules For example if you have already configured rules 1 to 6 in your current set and now you configure rule number 9 In the set summary screen the new rule will be rule 7 not 9 Now if you delete
96. 6 21 3 Policies eene e en 13 1 ey En ostro toto 11 1 TANA Sail iie pde ER ii 5 3 Ae CESCIERUDG cec 13 1 ICMP echo r 5 ue enge RE 10 6 Rilo Exaiiplsgeue s eeu et abe dee 16 1 idle tim o t soo sa pU e e 7 4 Rule Logic ieesettetteenette tts 13 1 TOME RICRRSHGSOQPHMEUUUSASEPTOUOCOU se goius Bale ene ERR 13 4 Initial Screens 3 1 Rule Sec RANGES cedem 13 2 Installation Requirements sss 2 6 Internet Access Setup 6 1 9 6 29 3 Index CC ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem 1 4 LOS avena deitate eR bens 15 1 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority See IANA M Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP 10 6 MAC Address 4 5 29 2 Internet Security Gateway sess 1 Mail Serve t iis seinen 12 4 IP address 5 3 5 7 Main Menus aesti e PU EEEPEDESR 3 3 IP Address Assignment 7 7 7 9 Management Information Base MIB 19 2 IP Alias ice eee ead 1 2 5 5 Maximum Incomplete High 12 9 IP Alias Setup sees 5 7 Maximum Incomplete Low 12 9 IP Multicast sssesssseeeeene 1 2 5 4 Max incomplete High 12 7 IP Network Number 5 3 Max incomplete Low 12 7 12 9 IP Pool ehe teer ee eee 5 2 5 6 MGIC teer eR cook 7 8 7 10 8 3 IP Ports nere 10 4 26 11 26 12 My WAN Address
97. 7 Telnet into Menu 24 6 21 3 2 Procedure To Restore Using FTP Step 1 Launch the FTP client on your computer Step 2 Enter open followed by a space and the IP address of your ZyWALL 21 8 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3 Press ENTER when prompted for a username Step 4 Enter your password as requested the default is 1234 Step 5 Enter bin to set transfer mode to binary Step 6 Find the rom file on your computer that you want to restore to your ZyWALL Step 7 Use put to transfer files from the Prestige to the computer for example put config rom rom 0 transfers the configuration file config rom on your computer to the Prestige See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions Step 8 Enter quit to exit the FTP prompt The ZyWALL will automatically restart after a successful restore process 21 3 3 Restore Using FTP Session Example ftp put config rom rom 0 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR rom 0 226 File received OK 221 Goodbye for writing flash ftp 16384 bytes sent in 0 06Seconds 273 07Kbytes sec ftp quit Figure 21 8 Restore Using FTP or TFTP Session Example Refer to section 21 2 5 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN 21 3 4 Restore Via Console Port Restore configuration via console port by following the HyperTerminal procedur
98. ALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 22 3 Time and Date Setting Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Use Time Server when Bootup Enter the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the ZyWALL Not all time servers support all protocols so you may have to check with your ISP network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works The main differences between them are the format Daytime RFC 867 format is day month year time zone of the server Time RFC 868 format displays a 4 byte integer giving the total number of seconds since 1970 1 1 at 0 0 0 NTP RFC 1305 is similar to Time RFC 868 None uses no time server Enter the time and date manually in the New Time and New Date fields Time Server IP Address Enter the IP address of your time server Check with your ISP network administrator if you are unsure of this information Current Time New Time This field displays an updated time only when you reenter this menu Enter the new time in hour minute and second format Current Date New Date This field displays an updated date only when you reenter this menu Enter the new date in year month and day format Time Zone Press SPACE BAR to set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time GMT Daylight Saving Start Date End Date Daylight Saving Time is a period from late spring to early fall when many c
99. Budget Period hr Schedules Nailed Up Connection The field sets a ceiling for outgoing call time for this remote node The default for this field is 0 meaning no budget control This field is the time period that the budget should be reset For example if we are allowed to call this remote node for a maximum of 10 minutes every hour then the Allocated Budget is 10 minutes and the Period hr is 1 hour You can apply up to four schedule sets here For more details please refer to the Call Schedule Setup chapter This field specifies if you want to make the connection to this remote node a nailed up connection More details are given earlier in this section 10 Session Options Idle Timeout This value specifies the idle time i e the length of time there is no traffic from the ZyWALL to the remote node in seconds that can elapse before the ZyWALL automatically disconnects the PPPoE connection This option only applies when the ZyWALL initiates the call 100 seconds default 7 1 3 PPTP Encapsulation If you change the Encapsulation to PPTP in menu 11 1 then you will see the next screen Please see the Appendices for information on PPTP Remote Node Setup 7 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name ChangeMe Route IP Active Yes Encapsulation PPTP Edit IP No Service Type Standard Telco Option Service Name N A Allocated Bu
100. CUSTOM PORTS Customized Services MAIN MENU FIREWALL CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS e c c c c Cc c c c c Figure 14 1 Custom Ports The next table describes the fields in this screen Custom Ports 14 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 14 1 Custom Ports FIELD DESCRIPTION Customized Services No This is the number of your customized port Status Indicates whether ports have already been configured or are still empty Name This is the name of your customized port Protocol This shows the IP protocol TCP UDP or Both that defines your customized port Port This is the port number or range that defines your customized port Click a custom port number option box No and then click Edit to edit an existing service custom port or Delete to delete that service custom port Click Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen When you have finished viewing this screen click another link to exit 14 2 Custom Ports ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 14 2 Creating Editing A Custom Port Click Edit in the previous screen to create a new custom port or edit an existing one This action displays the following screen PORT CONFIG INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Figure 14 2 Creating Editing A Custom Port The next table describes the fields in this screen Custom Ports 14 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Tabl
101. Configuration Upload Using HyperTerminal Click Transfer then Send File to display the following screen 21 16 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway C Product config rom pe Figure 21 19 Example Xmodem Upload After the configuration upload process has completed restart the ZyWALL by entering atgo Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 17 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 22 System Maintenance amp Information This chapter leads you through SMT menus 24 8 to 24 11 22 1 Command Interpreter Mode The Command Interpreter CI is a part of the main system firmware The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT while adding some low level setup and diagnostic functions Enter the CI from the SMT by selecting menu 24 8 Access can be either by Telnet or by a serial connection to the console port although some commands are only available with a serial connection See the included disk or the zyxel com web site for more detailed information on CI commands A list of valid commands can be found by typing help or at the command prompt Type exit to return to the SMT main menu when finished Menu 24 System Maintenance 1 System Status 2 System Information and Console Port Speed 3 Log and Trace 4 Diagnostic 5 Backup Configuration 6 Restore Configuration 8 Command Interpreter Mode ZR a e 9 Time and Da
102. DoS attacks the ZyWALL uses thresholds to determine when to drop sessions that do not become fully established These thresholds apply globally to all sessions You can use the default threshold values or you can change them to values more suitable to your security requirements 12 4 1 Threshold Values Tune these parameters when something is not working and after you have checked the firewall counters These default values should work fine for normal small offices with ADSL bandwidth Factors influencing choices for threshold values are 1 The maximum number of opened sessions 12 6 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 2 The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network 3 The CPU power of servers in your LAN network 4 Network bandwidth 5 Type of traffic for certain servers If your network is slower than average for any of these factors especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy then the default values should be reduced You should make any changes to the threshold values before you continue configuring firewall rules 12 4 2 Half Open Sessions An unusually high number of half open sessions either an absolute number or measured as the arrival rate could indicate that a Denial of Service attack 1s occurring For TCP half open means that the session has not reached the established state the TCP three way handshake has not yet
103. L 10 50 Internet Security Gateway NAT Table Inside Local Inside Global IP Address IP Address LAN 192 168 1 10 IGA 1 WAN 192 168 1 11 IGA 2 192 168 1 12 IGA 3 IP Address 192 168 1 13 IGA 4 192 168 1 13 IP Address 192 168 1 12 IP Address J 492 168 1 11 Inside Local Inside Global Addresses ILA 3 Addresses IGA IP Address 192 168 1 10 Figure 9 1 How NAT Works 9 1 4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application where three inside LANs logical LANs using IP Alias behind the ZyWALL can communicate with three distinct WAN networks More examples follow at the end of this chapter NAT 9 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway LAN1 192 168 1 X Network Server Server in Admin 192 168 1 1 Admin Network PC2 PC3 IP 1 IGA 1 Corporation A PC2 NTSever 192 168 1 1 Corporation B PC 1 PC 2 Server in M Sales Network IP 2 IGA 2 LAN2 192168 2 X PC3 mni pes Network Server xum o NEM RR Sales 192 168 2 1 NT Server PC4 192 168 2 1 PC 4 Server in R amp D Network IP 3 IGA 3 NT Serve LANS 192 168 3X 192 168 3 1 Network Server R amp D 2192 168 3 1 WAN Addresses LAN Addresses Default IP s IGA 1 192 168 1 1 PEIL PEE daA2 gt 192 168 2 1 IGA3 gt 192 168 3 1 Figure 9 2 NAT Application With IP Alias 9 1 5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP port mapp
104. NTER to open Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter 7 10 Remote Node Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Use menu 11 5 to specify the filter set s to apply to the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the ZyWALL to prevent certain packets from triggering calls You can specify up to 4 filter sets separated by commas e g 1 5 9 12 in each filter field Note that spaces are accepted in this field For more information on defining the filters please refer to the Filters chapter For PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation you can also specify remote node call filter sets Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Output Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 7 6 Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter Ethernet Encapsulation Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets protocol filters 1 Device filters Output Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Call Filter Sets protocol filters 1 Device filters Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 7 7 Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter PPPoE or PPTP Encapsulation Remote Node Setup 7 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 8 IP Static Route Setup This chapter shows you how to configure static routes with your ZyWALL Static routes tell the ZyWALL routing information that it cannot learn automatically t
105. PORTS LOGS d BOOTP_CLIENT UDP B87 Forward None HTTP TCP 80 Forward Match The first rule is a default rule to allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL The second rule is what we configured in the last two Screens Click Apply in this Screen when you have finished configuring to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL Log of packets should match this rule in the ACL Default Set Figure 16 5 Example 1 Rule Summary Screen 16 1 2 Example 2 Small Office With Mail FTP and Web Servers A small office has 16 6 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway i A mail server with an IP of 192 168 10 2 ii Two FTP servers You want FTP server 1 IP of 192 168 10 3 to be accessible from the Internet but FTP server 2 192 168 10 4 may only be accessed by internal users i e from the local network iii HTTP proxy server at 192 168 10 5 You want i To send alerts when there is an attack li To only allow access to the Internet from the HTTP proxy server and your mail server iii To only allow FTP server 1 to be accessible from the Internet Step 1 First you want to send alerts when there is an attack Go to the Attack Alert screen click Configuration then the Attack Alert tab shown next ATTACK ALERT Config Email CONFIGURATION CUSTOM PORTS Click this box to send alerts when there is an attack Status Ready Fi
106. PP Data Connection The PPP frames are tunneled between the PNS and PAC over GRE General Routing Encapsulation RFC 1701 1702 The individual calls within a tunnel are distinguished using the Call ID field in the GRE header PPTP ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix D Hardware Specifications Power Specification I P AC 120V 60Hz O P DC 12V 1200 mA MTBF 100000 hrs Operation Temperature 0 C 40 C Ethernet Specification for WAN 10Mbit Half Duplex Ethernet Specification for LAN 10 100 Mbit Half Full Auto negotiation Console Port RS 232 Pin 1 NON Pin 2 DTE RXD Pin 3 DTE TXD Pin 4 DTE DTR Pin 5 GND Pin 6 DTE DSR Pin 7 DTE RTS Pin 8 DTE CTS PIN 9 NON See Figure below Pinl O O O O OC OO O Q Pin 9 Pin 6 WANILAN Cable Pin Layout Straight Through Crossover Switch Adapter Switch Switch 1 IRD 1 OTD 1 IRD 1 IRD 2 IRD 2 OTD 2 IRD 2 IRD 3 OTD 3 IRD 3 OTD 3 OTD 6 OTD 6 IRD 6 OTD 6 OTD Hardware specifications ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix E Important Safety Instructions The following safety instructions apply to the ZyWALL 10 11 Be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions The maximum recommended ambient temperature for the ZyWALL is 40 Celsius 104 Fahrenhei
107. Partitioned Logical Networks Use menu 3 2 1 to configure IP Alias on your ZyWALL 5 4 TCP IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu From the main menu enter 3 to open Menu 3 LAN Setup to configure TCP IP RFC 1155 and DHCP Ethernet setup Menu 3 LAN Setup Ty LAN Port Filter Setup 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 5 5 Menu 3 TCP IP and DHCP Setup From menu 3 select the submenu option TCP IP and DHCP and press ENTER The screen now displays Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup as shown next LAN Setup 5 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup DHCP Server Configuration Client IP Pool Starting Address 192 168 1 33 Size of Client IP Pool 32 First address in the IP Pool Primary DNS Server 0 0 0 0 h Secondary DNS Server 0 0 0 0 DHCP Server Address N A TCP IP Setup Size of the IP Pool IP Address 192 168 1 1 IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 RIP Direction Both Version RIP 1 Multicast None Edit IP Alias No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel IP addresses of the DNS servers Figure 5 6 Menu 3 2 TCP IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup Follow the instructions in the next table on how to configure the DHCP fields Table 5 3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE DHCP This field enables disables the DHCP server If set to Server your
108. Quick Mode Send lt HASH gt lt SA gt lt NONCE gt lt ID gt lt ID gt 011 Recv lt HASH gt lt SA gt lt NONCE gt lt ID gt lt ID gt 012 0 023 Send lt HASH gt Clear IPSec Log y n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 28 1 Example VPN Initiator IPSec Log IPSec Log 28 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 28 2 VPN Responder IPSec Log The following figure shows a typical log from the VPN connection peer Main Mode request from lt 192 168 100 100 gt Jan H E 2 lt SA gt Jan lt SA gt Jan lt KE gt lt NONCE gt Jan lt KE gt lt NONCE gt Jan lt ID gt lt HASH gt Jan lt ID gt lt HASH gt Jan f 1 IKE SA process done Jan E H lt HASH gt lt SA gt lt NONCE gt lt ID gt lt ID gt Jan 208 Phase 2 Quick Mode 011 Jan lt HASH gt lt SA gt lt NONCE gt lt ID gt lt ID gt 012 Jan XHASH Clear IPSec Log y n 009 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ODO Figure 28 2 Example VPN Responder IPSec Log This menu is useful for troubleshooting A log index number the date and time the log was created and a log message are displayed Double exclamation marks denote an error or warning message The following table shows sample log messages during IKE key exchange Table 28 1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Cannot find outbound SA for rule lt d gt The packet matches the rule index number
109. RIPTION EXAMPLES This is the index number of the firewall log 128 entries 23 are available numbered from 0 to 127 Once they are all used the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost Time This is the time the log was recorded in this format mm dd yy e g Jan 1 00 You must configure menu 24 10 for real time Poea sk one es otherwise the clock will start at 2000 01 01 00 00 00 hh mm ss e g 00 00 00 the last time the ZyWALL was reset Packet This field lists packet information such as protocol and From and To IP addresses Information src dest port numbers TCP UDP or protocol type and code ICMP Protocol and port numbers Reason This field states the reason for the log i e was the not match rule matched not matched or was there an attack The 1 01 dest IP set and rule coordinates X Y where X 1 2 es Y 00 10 follow with a simple explanation There are This means this packet does two policy sets set 1 X 1 is for LAN to WAN rules not match the destination IP and set 2 X 2 for WAN to LAN rules Y represents address in set 1 rule 1 Other the rule in the set You can configure up to 10 rules in reasons instead of dest IP any set Y 01 to 10 Rule number 00 is the default are src IP dest port src port rule and protocol This is a log for a DoS attack attack land ip spoofing icmp echo icmp vulnerability NetBIOS smtp illegal command traceroute teardrop or syn flood Action This field
110. ROM fail 6 means RCPT TO fail 7 means DATA fail 8 means mail data send fail 12 3 4 Example E mail Log An End of Log message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent The following is an example of a log sent by e mail Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator 12 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway b Subject q Firewall Alert From ZyWALL You may edit the ject titl a The date format here pags Fri 07 Apr 2000 10 05 42 Tom is Day Month Year user zyxel com To user zyxel com 192 168 1 1 To 192 168 1 255 default policy EO HNSURUUS src port 00520 dest port 00520 lt 1 00 gt is Month Day Year 192 168 1 131 1T0 192 168 1 255 default policy The time format is Hour Minute Second Src port 00520 dest port 00520 1 00 168 1 6 To 10 10 10 10 match forward src port 03516 dest port 00053 lt 1 01 gt 126 2192 1 681 1 To 192 168 1 255 forward 10 05 src port 00520 dest port 00520 eR oa 7 192 168 1 131 To 192 168 1 255 End of Log message orwar 10 05 src port 00520 dest port 00520 shows that a complete 128 Apr 7 192 168 1 92 31 2 log has been sent forward 10 05 30 z port 00520 End of Firewall Figure 12 3 E mail Log 12 4 Attack Alert Attack alerts are the first defense against DOS attacks In the Attack Alert screen shown later you may choose to generate an alert whenever an attack is detected For
111. Responses Every host on the Intermediary network responds by sending responses to every host on the victim network Attacker broadcasts ping packets with a spoofed source address to every host on the intermediary network Figure 10 4 Smurf Attack Q ICMP Vulnerability ICMP is an error reporting protocol that works in concert with IP The following ICMP types trigger an alert Table 10 2 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts REDIRECT TIMESTAMP_REQUEST TIMESTAMP_REPLY ADDRESS MASK REQUEST ADDRESS MASK REPLY O Illegal Commands NetBIOS and SMTP The only legal NetBIOS commands are the following all others are illegal 10 6 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 10 3 Legal NetBIOS Commands MESSAGE REQUEST POSITIVE NEGATIVE RETARGET KEEPALIVE All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables Table 10 4 Legal SMTP Commands aur mcr mer sam ses sow wmv vary Q Traceroute Traceroute is a utility used to determine the path a packet takes between two endpoints Sometimes when a packet filter firewall is configured incorrectly an attacker can traceroute the firewall gaining knowledge of the network topology inside the firewall 4 Often many DoS attacks also employ a technique known as IP Spoofing as part of their attack IP Spoofing may be used to break into systems to hide the hacker s identity or to magnify the effect of the
112. SPACE BAR to enable IP Multicasting or select None to disable it See the previous Part for more information on this feature Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu press ENTER to return to menu 11 Press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 7 2 1 Editing TCP IP Options with PPTP Encapsulation Make sure that Encapsulation is set to PPTP in menu 11 1 Then move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11 1 press the SPACE BAR to toggle No to Yes Press ENTER to open Menu 11 3 Network Layer Options 7 8 Remote Node Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options Figure 7 5 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment Dynamic Rem IP Address N A Rem Subnet Mask N A My WAN Addr 0 0 0 0 Network Address Translation Full Feature Metric 1 Private No RIP Direction None Version N A Multicast None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Press Space Bar to Toggle Table 7 5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP Address If your ISP did not assign you an explicit IP address select Dynamic Dynamic Assignment otherwise select Static and enter the IP address amp subnet mask in the
113. Security Associations SAs Linking Two or More Private Networks Together Connect branch offices and business partners over the Internet with significant cost savings and improved performance when compared to leased lines between sites gt Accessing Network Resources When NAT Is Enabled When NAT is enabled remote users are not able to access hosts on the LAN unless the host is designated a public LAN server for that specific protocol Since the VPN tunnel terminates inside the LAN remote users will be able to access all computers that use private IP addresses on the LAN gt Unsupported IP Applications A VPN tunnel may be created to add support for unsupported emerging IP applications 25 2 Introduction to IPSec ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway VPN client VPN client for for secure LH remote access remote management U lt fo D Broadband Broadband modem mmmmmmmm VPN Remote ZyWALL Remote Private Network ES Figure 25 2 VPN Application 25 2 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows Introduction to IPSec 25 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway IPSec Algorithms N a N AC a ESP Protocol AH Protocol RFC 2406 ncc RFC 2402 Des b s HMAC MDS Encryption Authentication RF 2403 3pes Algorithm Algorithm eee 2494
114. Setup FPRPWOMAIDDGOBWNHPE kO Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 20 1 Menu 24 System Maintenance 20 1 System Status The first selection System Status gives you information on the version of your system firmware and the status and statistics of the ports as shown in the next figure System Status is a tool that can be used to monitor your ZyWALL Specifically it gives you information on your system firmware version number of packets sent and number of packets received To get to the System Status Step 1 Enter number 24 to go to Menu 24 System Maintenance System Information amp Diagnosis 20 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2 Step 3 In this menu enter 1 to open System Maintenance Status There are three commands in Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status Entering 1 drops the WAN connection 9 resets the counters and ESC takes you back to the previous screen Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status 23 10 28 Sat Jan 01 2000 Port Status TxPkts RxPkts Cols Tx B s Rx B s Up Time WAN 10M Half 67 289 0 74 64 2 20 56 LAN 10M Half 299 220 0 74 64 2 20 54 Port Ethernet Address IP Address IP Mask DHCP WAN 00 a0 c5 21 8c a3 X y 1554 97 255 255 255 0 Client LAN 00 a0 c5 21 8c a2 192 168 1 1 2554255 255 0 Server System up Time 22 11 43 Name Routing IP ZyNOS F W Version V3 50 WC 2 b2 02 07 2002 Press Command COMMANDS 1 Drop WAN 9 Reset Counters ESC Ex
115. Setup Step 2 The Menu 1 General Setup screen appears as shown next Fill in the required fields Menu 1 General Setup System Name ZyWALL Domain Name zyxel com tw Edit Dynamic DNS No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 4 1 Menu 1 General Setup Table 4 1 General Setup Menu Field FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes It is ZyWALL recommended you enter your computer s Computer name see section 4 1Error Reference source not found in this field This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long Spaces are not allowed but dashes and underscores are accepted Domain Name Enter the domain name if you know it here If you leave this field zyxel com tw 4 2 General and WAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Domain Name Enter the domain name if you know it here If you leave this field menu 24 8 and type sys domain name to see the current domain name used by your router If you want to clear this field just press SPACE BAR and then ISP assigned domain name blank the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP You can go to ENTER The domain name entered by you is given priority over the zyxel com tw Edit Dynamic DNS Select Yes to configure Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS discussed next Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select Yes or No defau
116. System Password Change your password in this menu recommended 24 System Maintenance From displaying system status to uploading firmware this menu provides comprehensive system maintenance 26 Schedule Setup Use this menu to schedule outgoing calls 27 VPN IPSec Setup Use this menu to configure VPN connections 99 Exit Use this menu to exit necessary for remote configuration 3 4 Initial Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 2 3 SMT Menus at a Glance Menu 1 Menu 3 Menu 4 General Setup LAN Setup Internet Access Setup Menu 1 1 Menu 3 1 Menu 3 2 Configure LAN Port TCP IP and Dynamic DNS Filter Setup DHCP Setup Menu 3 2 1 IP Alias Setup Menu 11 Menu 12 Menu 15 Remote Node IP Static NAT Setup Routing Setup Menu 11 1 Menu 11 5 Menu 12 1 id a Menu 15 2 Remote Node Remote Node Edit IP Static oss EPPING NAT Server Profile Network Sayar Filter Route Sets Setup Option Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules Menu 15 1 1 x Address Mapping Rule Figure 3 4 Getting Started and Advanced Applications SMT Menus Initial Setup 3 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21 Menu 22 Menu 23 Filter and Firewall Setup SNMP Configuration System Password Menu 21 2 Menu 21 3 Firewall Setup View Firewall Log Menu 21 1 x Filter Rules Summary Menu 21 1 x y Menu 21 1 x y Generic Filter Rule TCP IP Filter Rule Menu 24 Menu 24 4 Menu 24 10 Menu 26 stem Ma
117. TP tunnel The PAC is the box that dials answers the phone calls and relays the PPP frames to the PNS The PPTP user is not necessarily a PPP client can be a PPP server too Both the PNS and the PAC must have IP connectivity however the PAC must in addition have dial up capability The phone call is between the user and the PAC and the PAC tunnels the PPP frames to the PNS The PPTP user is unaware of the tunnel between the PAC and the PNS PPTP User Phone call PAC PPP frames PNS Diagram 5 PPTP Protocol Overview Microsoft includes PPTP as a part of the Windows OS In Microsoft s implementation the PC and hence the ZyWALL is the PNS that requests the PAC the ANT to place an outgoing call over AALS to an RFC 2364 server Control amp PPP connections Each PPTP session has distinct control connection and PPP data connection Call Connection The control connection runs over TCP Similar to L2TP a tunnel control connection is first established before call control messages can be exchanged Please note that a tunnel control connection supports multiple call sessions The following diagram depicts the message exchange of a successful call setup between a PC and an ANT Start Control Connection Request Start Control Connection Reply Outgoing Call Request Outgoing Call Reply PPP Frames PPP Frames Diagram 6 Example Message Exchange between PC and an ANT mn PPTP ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway P
118. Testing 8192K OK FLASH Intel 16M ZyNOS F W Version V3 50 WC 1 12 18 2001 Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds Diagram 7 Option to Enter Debug Mode Enter ATHE to view all available ZyWALL boot module commands as shown in the next screen ATBAX allows you to change the console port speed The x denotes the number preceding the colon to give the console port speed following the colon in the list of numbers that follows for example ATBA3 will give a console port speed of 9 6 Kbps ATSE displays the seed that is used to generate a password to turn on the debug flag in the firmware The ATSH command shows product related information such as boot module version vendor name product model RAS code revision etc ATGO allows you to continue booting the system Most other commands aid in advanced troubleshooting and should only be used by qualified engineers Boot Commands M ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Command Listing just answer OK print help change baudrate 1 38 4k 2 19 2k 3 9 6k 4 57 6k 5 115 2k set BootExtension Debug Flag y password show the seed of password generator change system time to hour min sec or show current time change system date to year month day or show current date dump RAS stack dump Boot Module Common Area dump memory contents from address x for length y display the 8 bit value of address x display the 16 bit value of address x display the 32 bit value of addres
119. WALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21 1 Filter Set Configuration Filter Filter Set Comments Set Comments 1 yi 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Enter Filter Set Number to Configure 0 Edit Comments N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 18 5 Menu 21 1 Filter Set Configuration Step 3 Select the filter set you wish to configure 1 12 and press ENTER Step 4 Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press ENTER Step 5 Press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to confirm to open Menu 21 1 1 Filter Rules Summary Menu 21 1 1 Filter Rules Summary A Type Filter Rules Mmn 1N 2N 3 N 4N 5N 6 N Enter Filter Rule Number 1 6 to Configure Figure 18 6 NetBIOS_WAN Filter Rules Summary Filter Configuration 18 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 18 2 1 Filter Rules Summary Menu This screen shows the summary of the existing rules in the filter set The following tables contain a brief description of the abbreviations used in the previous menus Table 18 1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu FIELD DESCRIPTION The filter rule number 1 to 6 A Active Y means the rule is active N means the rule is inactive Type The type of filter rule GEN for Generic IP for TCP IP Filter Rules These parameters are displayed here M More Y means there are more
120. ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway User s Guide Version 3 50 May 2002 ZyXEL TOTAL INTERNET ACCESS SOLUTION ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright Copyright 2002 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole transcribed stored in a retrieval system translated into any language or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical photocopying manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation All rights reserved Disclaimer ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products or software described herein Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice This publication is subject to change without notice Trademarks ZyNOS ZyXEL Network Operating System is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications Inc Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners ii Copyright ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Federal Communications Commission FCC Interference Statement This device complies with Part 15 of FCC ru
121. ZyWALL Web Configurator ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12 3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Denial of Service Thresholds One Minute Low This is the rate of new half open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half open sessions The ZyWALL continues to delete half open sessions as necessary until the rate of new connection attempts drops below this number 80 existing half open sessions One Minute High This is the rate of new half open sessions that causes the firewall to start deleting half open sessions When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number the ZyWALL deletes half open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts 100 half open sessions per minute The above numbers cause the ZyWALL to start deleting half open sessions when more than 100 session establishment attempts have been detected in the last minute and to stop deleting half open sessions when fewer than 80 session establishment attempts have been detected in the last minute Maximum Incomplete Low This is the number of existing half open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half open sessions The ZyWALL continues to delete half open requests as necessary until the number of existing half open sessions drops below this number 80 existing half open sessions Maximum Incomplete This is the number of existing half open
122. ZyWALL will act as a DHCP server If set to None the DHCP server will be disabled requests and responses between the remote server and the clients When set to Server the following four items need to be set If set to Relay the ZyWALL acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays Server Configuration Client IP Pool Starting Address Size of Client IP Pool Primary DNS Server Secondary DNS Server This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool This field specifies the size or count of the IP address pool Type in the IP addresses of the DNS servers The DNS servers are passed to the DHCP clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask 192 168 1 33 32 5 6 LAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 5 3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above then type in the IP address of Address the actual remote DHCP server here Follow the instructions in the following table to configure TCP IP parameters for the LAN port Table 5 4 LAN TCP IP Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE TCP IP Setup IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation 192 168 1 1 default IP Subnet Mask Your ZyWALL will automatically calculate the subnet mask based 255 255 255 0 on the IP address that you assign Unless you a
123. acket In Transport mode the IP packet contains the security protocol AH or ESP located after the original IP header and options but before any upper layer protocols contained in the packet such as TCP and UDP With ESP protection is applied only to the upper layer protocols contained in the packet The IP header information and options are not used in the authentication process Therefore the originating IP address cannot be verified for integrity against the data With the use of AH as the security protocol protection is extended forward into the IP header to verify the integrity of the entire packet by use of portions of the original IP header in the hashing process 25 3 2 Tunnel Mode Tunnel mode encapsulates the entire IP packet to transmit it securely A Tunnel mode is required for gateway services to provide access to internal systems Tunnel mode is fundamentally an IP tunnel with authentication and encryption This is the most common mode of operation Tunnel mode is required for gateway to gateway and host to gateway communications Tunnel mode communications have two sets of IP headers gt Outside header The outside IP header contains the destination IP address of the VPN gateway gt Inside header The inside IP header contains the destination IP address of the final system behind the VPN gateway The security protocol appears after the outer IP header and before the inside IP header 25 4 IPSec and NAT Read this section if
124. active TCP connection remain open before considering it closed Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets whether or not the ZyWALL log lt yes no gt creates logs for packets that match the firewall s default rule set Rules Config edit firewall set set f This command sets whether packets that match this rule rule gt permit forward rule are dropped or allowed through block Config edit firewall set set gt This command sets whether a rule is enabled or rule rule 4 active yes no not Config edit firewall set set gt This command sets the protocol specification rule rule gt protocol integer number made in this rule for ICMP protocol value T Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND Config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt log lt none match not match both gt Config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt alert lt yes no gt config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt srcaddr single lt ip address gt config edit firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt srcaddr subnet lt ip address gt lt subnet mask gt config edit firewall set lt set gt rule rule gt srcaddr range start ip address end ip address config edit firewall set set gt rule rule 4 destaddr single ip address config edit firewall set set f rule rule 4 destaddr su
125. affic from the proxy web server This rule will the ZyWALL Default Set not generate a log Figure 16 9 Example 2 Local Network Rule Summary Step 8 Now you want an FTP server IP of 192 168 10 3 to be accessible from the Internet Remember the default Internet to Local Network ACL Set blocks all traffic from the Internet so you want to create a hole for this server Click the Internet link to see its Rule Summary screen Now click an available No rule number radio button then click Edit to bring up the Rule Config uration 16 10 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway screen Now click on the DestAdd button under the Destination Address box and enter the IP of FTP server One 192 168 10 3 Step 9 On completing the procedure the Rule Summary for this Internet firewall rule should look like the following screen Don t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule s to save your settings back to the ZyWALL ZyXEL WAN TO LAN POLICY Internet to Local Network MAIN MENU Timeout FIREWALL CONFIGURATION ACL Default Set LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET Block gel CUSTOM PORTS d LOGS Configured Any BOOTP_CLIENY UDP 68 Forward None Configured Any 168 10 3 e FTP TCP 20 21 Vel Forward None LOGOUT s a sl E E E ES OR ORS ORD ORA mmmmmmmm Status Ready IP address of the FTP server to which traffic
126. am For UNIX use get to transfer from the ZyWALL to the computer put the other way around and binary to set binary transfer mode 21 4 6 TFTP Upload Command Example The following is an example TFTP command TFTP i host put firmware bin ras E where i specifies binary image transfer mode use this mode when transferring binary files host is the ZyWALL s IP address put transfers the file source on the computer firmware bin name of the firmware on the computer to the file destination on the remote host ras name of the firmware on the ZyWALL Commands that you may see in GUI Based TFTP clients are listed earlier in this chapter 21 4 7 Uploading Via Console Port FTP is the preferred methods for uploading firmware to your ZyWALL However in the event of your network being down uploading files is only possible with a direct connection to your ZyWALL via the console port Uploading files via the console port under normal conditions is not recommended since FTP or TFTP is faster Any serial communications program should work fine however you must use the Xmodem protocol to perform the download upload 21 4 8 Uploading a Firmware File Via Console Port Step 1 Select 1 from Menu 24 7 System Maintenance Upload Firmware to display Menu 24 7 1 System Maintenance Upload System Firmware then follow the instructions as shown in the following screen 21 14 Firmware and C
127. and so retransmits the last packet sent Failed to send IKE Packet The ZyWALL cannot send IKE packets due to a network error Too many errors Deleting SA The ZyWALL deletes an SA when too many errors occur The following table shows sample log messages during packet transmission Table 28 2 Sample IPSec Logs During Packet Transmission LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION WAN IP changed to IP If the ZyWALL s WAN IP changes all configured My IP Addr are changed to b 0 0 0 0 If this field is configured as 0 0 0 0 then the ZyWALL will use the current ZyWALL WAN IP address static or dynamic to set up the VPN tunnel Cannot find Phase 2 SA The ZyWALL cannot find a phase 2 SA that corresponds with the SPI of an inbound packet from the peer the packet is dropped Discard REPLAY packet If the ZyWALL receives a packet with the wrong sequence number it will discard it Inbound packet decryption The decryption configuration settings are incorrect Please check failed them Inbound packet The authentication configuration settings are incorrect Please authentication failed check them Rule lt d gt idle time out If an SA has no packets transmitted for a period of time disconnect configurable via Cl command the ZyWALL drops the connection The following table shows RFC 2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type Table 28 3 RFC 2
128. andom number DH2 refers to Diffie Hellman Group 2 a 1024 bit 1Kb random number more secure yet slower When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 26 6 Manual Setup You only configure Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup when you select Manual in the Key Management field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup Manual key management is useful 1f you have problems with IKE key management 26 6 1 Active Protocol This field is a combination of mode and security protocols used for the VPN These parameters have been discussed earlier Table 26 6 Active Protocol Encapsulation and Security Protocol MODE SECURITY PROTOCOL Tunnel ESP 26 6 2 Security Parameter Index SPI An SPI is used to distinguish different SAs terminating at the same destination and using the same IPSec protocol This data allows for the multiplexing of SAs to a single gateway The SPI Security Parameter Index along with a destination IP address uniquely identify a particular Security Association SA The SPI is transmitted from the remote VPN gateway to the local VPN gateway The local VPN gateway then uses the network encryption and key values that the administrator associated with the SPI to establish the tunnel Current ZyXEL implementation assumes identical outgoing and incoming SPls To edit this menu move the cursor
129. ange of this field is 0 to 65535 This field is ignored if it is 0 Port Comp Select the comparison to apply to the source port in the packet None against the value given in Source Port Less Greater Equal Not Equal TCP Estab This field is applicable only when the IP Protocol field is 6 TCP If Yes Yes the rule matches packets that want to establish a TCP No connection SYN 1 and ACK 0 if No it is ignored More If Yes a matching packet is passed to the next filter rule before an Yes action is taken if No the packet is disposed of according to the No action fields If More is Yes then Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be N A Log Select the logging option from the following None No packets will be logged None Action Matched Only packets that match the rule parameters will Action Matched be logged Action Not Action Not Matched Only packets that do not match the rule Matched parameters will be logged Both Both All packets will be logged Action Select the action for a matching packet Check Next Rule Matched Forward Filter Configuration 18 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18 3 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Drop Action Not Select the action for a packet not matching the rule Check Next Rule Matched Forward Drop Press SPACE BAR to select properties for fields that do not need to be typed in When you have Menu 21 1 1 1 TCP IP Fi
130. art III Firewall and Content Filters Part IIl introduces firewalls in general and the ZyWALL firewall It also explains custom ports and logs and gives example firewall rules and an overview of content filtering ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 10 Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall 10 1 What Is a Firewall Originally the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another The networking term firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between two networks It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network Of course firewalls cannot solve every security problem A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy It should never be the only mechanism or method employed For a firewall to guard effectively you must design and deploy it appropriately This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information security policy In addition specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself 10 2 Types of Firewalls There are three main types of firewalls 1 Packet Filtering Firewalls 2 Application level Firewalls 3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls 10 2 1 Packet Filtering
131. as des XE De Pao e RUE NUR xxvii lur xxix GETTING STARTED eret I Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL ccsscscsssessccsccecscscescersscscesccessssessccessessssceessssssscesssseees 1 1 1 1 The ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway essere 1 1 1 2 EG8tUfeSui een hice tte ese t re dee d IR I AE LU o tate e A Edere as 1 1 3 Applications eod dau ve a t e e od e teat dui 1 4 1 3 1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem sess 1 4 1 3 2 VPN Application ennnen eee eet ee e eH e E de n 1 5 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation eres ecce eee esee eee seen eene tn netu aset tn stans sites tasses seen sees seen as enu 2 1 2 1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports eesssesseeseeeeeeeeneenen nennen 2 1 2 1 1 Front Panel LEDS nn HHRRINERD UR CIRC I EHE OH E HO RERO EE 2 1 2 2 ZyWALL Rear Panel and Connections esssseseseeee ii enne 2 2 2 3 Additional Installation Requirements sessi 2 6 Chapter 3 Initial Setup 3 1 viii Table of Contents ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 341 Furnins On YourZyW ALL uie as hte ae De nte ohh ee daa 3 1 3 1 1 Initial Screen neha eee eh e diem he de Senne ees 3 1 3 12 Entering the Password ee n ee de T DER e ur te ER Ud 3 1 3 2 Navigating the SMT Interfac
132. ation or press ESC at any time to cancel 5 8 LAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 6 Internet Access This chapter shows you how to configure your ZyWALL for Internet access 6 1 Internet Access Setup You will see three different menu 4 screens depending on whether you chose Ethernet PPTP or PPPoE Encapsulation 6 1 1 Ethernet Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet The PPPoE choice is for a dial up connection using PPPoE If you choose Ethernet in menu 4 you will see the next screen Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation Ethernet Service Type Standard My Login N A My Password N A Login Server IP N A IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Address N A Network Address Translation SUA Only Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 6 1 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup Ethernet The following table describes this screen Table 6 1 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION ISP s Name information is for identification purposes only Enter the name of your Internet Service Provider e g mylSP This Internet Access 6 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6 1 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Press SPACE BAR and then pr
133. aves significant effort for both the end user and ISP carrier as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyWALL 10 50 rather than individual computer s the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed since the ZyWALL does that part of the task Furthermore with NAT all of the LAN s computers will have access If you enable PPPoE in menu 4 you will see the next screen For more information on PPPoE please see the Appendices Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation PPPoE Service Type N A My Login My Password x Idle Timeout 100 IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Address N A Network Address Translation SUA Only Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 6 3 Internet Access Setup PPPoE Table 6 3 New Fields in Menu 4 PPPoE screen FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encapsulation Press SPACE BAR and then press ENTER to choose PPPoE The PPPoE encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the 100 ZyWALL automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server default 6 4 Internet Access ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway If you need a PPPoE service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server please go to menu 11 and e
134. ber Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy This name is Taiwan unique for each connection where the secure gateway IP address is a public static IP address When the secure gateway IP address is 0 0 0 0 as discussed in the last chapter there may be different connections using this same VPN rule In this case the name is followed by the remote IP address as configured in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup Individual connections using the same VPN rule may be terminated without affecting other connections using the same rule Encap This field displays Tunnel mode or Transport mode See previous for Tunnel discussion IPSec This field displays the security protocols used for an SA ESP provides ESP DES MD5 ALgorithm confidentiality and integrity of data by encrypting the data and encapsulating it into IP packets Encryption methods include 56 bit DES and 168 bit 3DES NULL denotes a tunnel without encryption An incoming SA may have an AH in addition to ESP The Authentication Header provides strong integrity and authentication by adding authentication information to IP packets This authentication information is calculated using header and payload data in the IP packet This provides an additional level of security AH choices are MD5 default 128 bits and SHA 1 160 bits Both AH and ESP increase ZyWALL processing requirements and communications latency delay Select Press SPACE BAR to
135. better If a web site uses a secure connection it is safe to submit information Secure web transactions are quite difficult to crack Never reveal your IP address or other system networking information to people outside your company Be careful of files e mailed to you from strangers One common way of getting BackOrifice on a system is to include it as a Trojan horse with other files Change your passwords regularly Also use passwords that are not easy to figure out The most difficult passwords to crack are those with upper and lower case letters numbers and a symbol such as or Upgrade your software regularly Many older versions of software especially web browsers have well known security deficiencies When you upgrade to the latest versions you get the latest patches and fixes If you use chat rooms or IRC sessions be careful with any information you reveal to strangers If your system starts exhibiting odd behavior contact your ISP Some hackers will set off hacks that cause your system to slowly become unstable or unusable Always shred confidential information particularly about your computer before throwing it away Some hackers dig through the trash of companies or individuals for information that might help them in an attack 10 7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall Below are some comparisons between the ZyWALL s filtering and firewall functions 10 12 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 10 7
136. bled this option Normal The server requires a unique User ID and Password to login Transfer Type Transfer files in either ASCII plain text format or in binary mode Initial Remote Directory Specify the default remote directory path Initial Local Directory Specify the default local directory path 21 2 5 TFTP and FTP over WAN Will Not Work When e Telnet service is disabled in menu 24 11 e A filter in menu 3 1 LAN or in menu 11 5 WAN is applied to block Telnet service e The IP address in the Secured Client IP field menu 24 11 does not match the client IP address If it does not match the ZyWALL will disconnect the Telnet session immediately 21 4 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway e There is an SMT console session running e The firewall is active The default firewall policies block all traffic from the WAN so to enable TFTP over the WAN you must turn the firewall off menu 21 2 or create a firewall rule to allow TFTP from the WAN 21 2 6 Backup Configuration Using TFTP The ZyWALL supports the up downloading of the firmware and the configuration file using TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol over LAN Although TFTP should work over WAN as well it is not recommended To use TFTP your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients To backup the configuration file follow the procedure shown next Step 1 Use telnet from your computer to co
137. bnet ip address subnet mask config edit firewall set set 4 rule rule gt destaddr range start ip address end ip address config edit firewall set set gt rule rule 4 TCP destport single port gt DESCRIPTION This command sets the ZyWALL to log traffic that matches the rule doesn t match both or neither This command sets whether or not the ZyWALL sends an alert e mail when a DOS attack or a violation of a particular rule occurs This command sets the rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic with this individual source address This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic from a particular subnet defined by IP address and subnet mask This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic from this range of addresses This command sets the rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic with this individual destination address This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic with a particular subnet destination defined by IP address and subnet mask This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for traffic going to this range of addresses This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for TCP traffic with this destination address You may repeat this command to enter various non consecutive port numbers Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION Delete COMMAND config edit firewall set lt set
138. by typing help or at the command prompt Always type the full command Type exit to return to the SMT main menu when finished Command Interpreter O ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway the command structure FUNCTION Firewall Set Up config no gt config config Display config config config Appendix H Firewall Commands The following describes the firewall commands See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on COMMAND edit firewall active lt yes retrieve firewall save firewall display firewall display firewall set lt set gt display firewall set lt set gt rule lt rule gt config config display firewall attack display firewall e mail DESCRIPTION This command turns the firewall on or off This command returns the previously saved firewall settings This command saves the current firewall settings This command shows the of all the firewall settings including e mail attack and the sets rules This command shows the current configuration of a set including timeout values name default permit and etc If you don t put use a number after set information about all of the sets rules appears This command shows the current entries of a rule in a firewall rule set This command shows all of the attack response settings This command shows all of the e mail settings Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Securit
139. cal inspection authority or electrician as appropriate Note This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada iv Information for Canadian Users ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Declaration of Conformity We the Manufacturer Importer ZyXEL Communications Corp No 6 Innovation Rd Il Science Based Industrial Park Hsinchu Taiwan 300 R O C declare that the product ZYWALL 10 50 is in conformity with reference to the specification under which conformity is declared Standard Standard Item Version e EN 55022 Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and method of 1994 measurement e EN61000 3 2 Disturbance in supply system caused by household appliances 1995 and similar electrical equipment Harmonics e EN61000 3 3 Disturbance in supply system caused by household appliances 1995 and similar electrical equipment Voltage fluctuations e EN61000 4 2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test Basic EMC Publication 1995 e EN 61000 4 3 Radiated radio frequency electromagnetic field immunity test 1996 e EN61000 4 4 Electrical fast transient burst immunity test Basic EMC 1995 Publication e EN 61000 4 5 Surge immunity test 1995 e EN 61000 4 6 Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency 1996 fields e EN 61000 4 8 1993 e EN 61000 4 11 Voltage dips short
140. ccount and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established If this is the case it is recommended that you select a network number from 192 168 0 0 to 192 168 255 0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation NAT feature of the ZyWALL The Internet Assigned Number Authority IANA reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise Let s say you select 192 168 1 0 as the network number which covers 254 individual addresses from 192 168 1 1 to 192 168 1 254 zero and 255 are reserved In other words the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual workstation on that network Once you have decided on the network number pick an IP address that is easy to remember e g 192 168 1 1 for your ZyWALL but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address Your ZyWALL will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered You don t need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL unless you are instructed to do otherwise 5 3 4 Private IP Addresses Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address If your networks are isolated from the Internet e g only between your two branch offices you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems Howev
141. ckets with a particular Single Address single IP address a range of IP addresses e g Range Address 192 168 1 10 to 192 169 1 50 a subnet or any IP address Select an option from the drop down list box Subnet Address Any Address Start IP Address Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here End IP Address Enter the ending IP address in a range here Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask here if applicable When you have finished click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen Cancel to exit this screen without saving or Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 13 6 Timeout The fields in the Timeout screens are the same for Local and Internet networks so the discussion below refers to both 13 6 1 Factors Influencing Choices for Timeout Values The factors influencing choices for timeout values are the same as the factors influencing choices for threshold values see section 12 4 1 Click on either Local Network or Internet then select the Timeout tab Creating Custom Rules 13 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway TIMEOUT Local Network to Internet CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Status Ready Figure 13 6 Timeout Screen 13 14 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 5 Timeout Menu after the firewall detects a FIN exchange indicating the end
142. ctual real DHCP server to the clients Full Network Management This feature allows you to access the SMT System Management Terminal through the console port or telnet connection RoadRunner Support In addition to standard cable modem services the ZyWALL supports Time Warner s RoadRunner Service Time and Date The ZyWALL has a Real Time Chip RTC that keeps track of the time and date The ZyWALL allows you to get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyWALL You can also set the time manually Logging and Tracing Built in message logging and packet tracing Unix syslog facility support Upgrade ZyWALL Firmware via LAN The firmware of the ZyWALL 10 50 can be upgraded via the LAN Embedded FTP and TFTP Servers The ZyWALL s embedded FTP and TFTP Servers enable fast firmware upgrades as well as configuration file backups and restoration Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 1 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 1 3 Applications 1 3 1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem A cable modem or xDSL modem can connect to the ZyWALL 10 50 for broadband Internet access via Ethernet port on the modem It provides not only high speed Internet access but secured internal network protection and management as well The firewall protects your LAN and the ZyWALL Firewall Figure 1 1 Secure Internet Access via Cable The firewall protects your LAN and the ZyWALL Fire
143. ddress This field is applicable only if you choose the IP Address attached N A on LAN method Enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 4 6 General and WAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 5 LAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 LAN Setup 5 1 Introduction This section describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 LAN Setup From the main menu enter 3 to open menu 3 Menu 3 LAN Setup 1 LAN Port Filter Setup 2 TCP IP and DHCP Setup Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 5 1 Menu 3 LAN Setup 5 2 LAN Port Filter Setup This menu allows you to specify the filter sets that you wish to apply to the LAN traffic You seldom need to filter the LAN traffic however the filter sets may be useful to block certain packets reduce traffic and prevent security breaches Menu 3 2 is discussed in the next chapter Please read on Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup Input Filter Sets protocol filters device filters Output Filter Sets protocol filters device filters Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 5 2 Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup 5 3 TCP IP and DHCP for LAN The ZyWALL has built in DHCP server capability
144. ddress of the initiator is not know by the responder and both parties want to use pre shared key authentication 26 5 3 Pre Shared Key A pre shared key identifies a communicating party during a phase 1 IKE negotiation It is called pre shared because you have to share it with another party before you can communicate with them over a secure connection 26 5 4 Diffie Hellman DH Key Groups Diffie Hellman DH is a public key cryptography protocol that allows two parties to establish a shared secret over an unsecured communications channel Diffie Hellman is used within IKE SA setup to establish session keys 768 bit Group 1 DH1 and 1024 bit Group 2 DH2 Diffie Hellman groups are supported Upon completion of the Diffie Hellman exchange the two peers have a shared secret but the IKE SA is not authenticated For authentication use pre shared keys 26 5 5 Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS Enabling PFS means that the key is transient The key is thrown away and replaced by a brand new key using a new Diffie Hellman exchange for each new IPSec SA setup With PFS enabled if one key is compromised previous and subsequent keys are not compromised because subsequent keys are not derived from previous keys The time consuming Diffie Hellman exchange is the trade off for this extra security This may be unnecessary for data that does not require such security so PFS is disabled None by default in the ZyWALL Disabling PFS means new authent
145. dget min 0 Outgoing Period hr 0 My Login Schedules My Password Nailed up Connections No Authen CHAP PAP Session Options PPTP Edit Filter Sets No My IP Addr Idle Timeout sec 100 Server IP Addr Connection ID Name Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 7 3 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile for PPTP Encapsulation The next table shows how to configure fields in menu 11 1 not previously discussed above Table 7 3 Fields in Menu 11 1 PPTP Encapsulation FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encapsulation Toggle the space bar to choose PPTP You must also go to menu PPTP 11 3 to check the IP Address setting once you have selected the encapsulation method My IP Addr Enter the IP address of the WAN Ethernet port 10 0 0 140 My Server IP Enter the IP address of the ANT modem 10 0 0 138 Addr Connection Enter the connection ID or connection name in the ANT It must n My ISP ID Name follow the c id and n name format This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your xDSL Modem Schedules You can apply up to four schedule sets here For more details please refer to the Call Schedule Setup chapter Nailed Up Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select Yes if you want to No Connections make the connection to this remote node a nailed up connection 7 6 Remote Node Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway
146. dynamically assigned by the ISP In addition you can designate servers e g a web server and a telnet server on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world If you do not define any servers for Many to One and Many to Many Overload mapping see Table 9 2 NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection If no server 1s defined in these cases all incoming inquiries will be filtered out by your ZyWALL thus preventing intruders from probing your network For more information on IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT 9 1 3 How NAT Works Each packet has two addresses a source address and a destination address For outgoing packets the ILA Inside Local Address is the source address on the LAN and the IGA Inside Global Address is the source address on the WAN For incoming packets the ILA is the destination address on the LAN and the IGA 1s the destination address on the WAN NAT maps private local IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks It replaces the original IP source address and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many to One and Many to Many Overload NAT mapping in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet The ZyWALL keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored The following figure illustrates this 9 2 NAT ZyWAL
147. e esses eere nennen enne enne nennen nennen enne 3 2 32 1 Main Menu dedu Hee pe RR HR EU e PUER ER COR edades 3 3 3 2 2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary see 3 3 3 2 3 SMT Menus at a Glance 0 eeceseesecssecssecseeeseeeneeseeesccnsnceseceseceaeceaecsaecaeeeaeseneeeeeeeseeerensrens 3 5 3 3 Changing the System Password ener 3 7 34 Resetting the ZyW ALL eee E a E E ee ei e REN TEES 3 8 3 4 1 Methods of Restoring Factory Defaults sss enne 3 8 3 4 2 Procedure To Use The Reset Button cccccecssessseesceeseeesceeceseceaecaecsaecaeeaeceeceeeaeeeneeaes 3 9 Chapter 4 General And WAN Setubp 4 eeeeee eee ee esee eee seen setenta stones stone stesse tasses seta sees stone eno 4 1 4 system Name caseas ease aee eem dte ated en eerte i Dr et bee depre ege 4 1 4 25 r Dynamic D INS ioter pet yap ntu nint 4 1 42 1 DYNDNS Wildcatd 2 ieeteiettienttentee ettet eret eer ehe eei 4 2 4 3 General Setup cete eR RT IRI 4 2 441 WAN SUN propan atone ntis dpt ied dives pti idsedum eiu dos tiedsddiM 4 5 Chapter 5 LAN Setup sts st soo 5 1 5 1 Introductions doe alee ee dep epi RAS eek Oe 5 1 52 LAN Port Filter Setup ciii fette n eee eee eei ie eee de ets 5 1 53 TCP IPand DHCP for EAN a ieieareiectiaca oet tese eee ee rectis ee decedere seta ev 5 1 5 3 1 Factory LAN Defaults ues rote t e aee d
148. e 1 1 3 Other LAN traffic gt IGA 3 Type M 1 Outgoing Traffic 4 IGA 3 Internal web server and mail server Incoming Traffic ZyWALL Server 192 168 1 20 Node 10 132 50 1 2 IGA 1 10 132 50 2 IGA 2 10 132 50 3 2 IGA 3 FTP Server 1 192 168 1 10 FTP Server 2 192 168 1 11 Figure 9 16 NAT Example 3 Step 1 In this case you need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15 1 Address Mapping Sets Therefore you must choose the Full Feature option from the Network Address Translation field in menu 4 or menu 11 3 in Figure 9 17 Step 2 Then enter 15 from the main menu Step 3 Enter 1 to configure the Address Mapping Sets Step 4 Enter 1 to begin configuring this new set Enter a Set Name choose the Edit Action and then enter 1 for the Select Rule field Press ENTER to confirm Step 5 Select Type as One to One direct mapping for packets going both ways and enter the local Start IP as 192 168 1 10 the IP address of FTP Server 1 the global Start IP as 10 132 50 1 our first IGA See Figure 9 18 9 20 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 6 Repeat the previous step for rules 2 to 4 as outlined above Step 7 When finished menu 15 1 1 should look like as shown in Figure 9 19 Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Addr N A Network Address Translation Full Feature Metric Private N A
149. e 14 2 Creating Editing A Custom Port FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Service Name Enter a unique name for your custom port Service Type Choose the IP port TCP UDP or TCP UDP that TCP defines your customized port from the drop down UDP list box TCP UDP Port Configuration Type Click Single to specify one port only or Range to Single specify a span of ports that define your customized service Range Port Number Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized service When you have finished click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen Cancel to exit this screen without saving or Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 14 4 Custom Ports ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 15 Logs This chapter contains information about using the log screen to view the results of the rules you have configured 15 1 Log Screen When you configure a new rule you also have the option to log events that match don t match or both this tule see Figure 13 4 Click on the Logs to bring up the next screen Firewall logs may also be viewed in SMT Menu 21 3 see section 11 3 or via syslog SMT Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance UNIX Syslog Syslog is an industry standard protocol used for capturing log information for devices on a network 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127 Once they are all used the log wraps arou
150. e Enter Debug Mode message Step 2 Wait forthe Starting XMODEM upload message before activating XMODEM upload on your terminal Step 3 After a successful firmware upload type atgo to restart the ZyWALL The ZyWALL is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password of 1234 3 4 14 Methods of Restoring Factory Defaults You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in three ways 1 Upload the default configuration file via the console port as described above See later in this User s Guide for more information on how to transfer the configuration file to your ZyWALL using the SMT menus 2 Use the RESET button on the rear panel of the ZyWALL see the next section Use this method for cases when the password or IP address of the ZyWALL is not known 3 Usethe web configurator to restore defaults see the web configurator HTML help 3 8 Initial Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 4 2 Procedure To Use The Reset Button Make sure the SYS led is on not blinking before you begin this procedure 1 Press the RESET button for ten seconds then release it If the SYS LED begins to blink the defaults have been restored and the ZyWALL restarts Otherwise go to step 2 Turn the ZyWALL off While pressing the RESET button turn the ZyWALL on Continue to hold the RESET button The SYS LED will begin to blink and flicker very quickly after about 10 or 15
151. e Remote Node Filter section for more details Once you have configured the Remote Node Profile Menu press ENTER to return to menu 11 Press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 7 1 2 PPPoE Encapsulation The ZyWALL supports PPPoE Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet You can only use PPPoE encapsulation when you re using the ZyWALL with an xDSL modem as the WAN device If you change the Encapsulation to PPPoE then you will see the next screen Please see the Appendices for more information on PPPoE Remote Node Setup 7 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name ChangeMe Route IP Active Yes Encapsulation PPPoE Edit IP No Service Type Standard Telco Option Service Name Allocated Budget min 0 Outgoing Period hr 0 My Login Schedules My Password Nailed Up Connection No Authen CHAP PAP Session Options Edit Filter Sets No Idle Timeout sec 100 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 7 2 Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation Outgoing Authentication Protocol Generally speaking you should employ the strongest authentication protocol possible for obvious reasons However some vendor s implementation includes specific authentication protocol in the user profile It will disconnec
152. e node in its RIP broadcasts If set to Yes this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast If No the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts RIP Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP direction from Both None In None Only Out Only and None default Version Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP version from RIP 1 RIP RIP 1 2B RIP 2M Multicast IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol is a session layer protocol None used to establish membership in a Multicast group The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 IGMP v1 and version 2 IGMP v2 Press the SPACE BAR to enable IP Multicasting or select None to disable it See the previous Part for more information on this feature Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu press ENTER to return to menu 11 Press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 7 2 2 Editing TCP IP Options with PPPoE Encapsulation Make sure Encapsulation is set to PPPoE in menu 11 1 Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in Menu 11 1 and press SPACE BAR to select Yes Press ENTER to open Menu 11 3 Network Layer Options The menu and fields are the same as described for PPTP encapsulation above T 3 Remote Node Filter Move the cursor to the field Edit Filter Sets in menu 11 1 then press SPACE BAR to set the value to Yes Press E
153. e of Contents xiii Getting Started Part I Getting Started This part is structured as a step by step guide to help you connect install and setup your ZyWALL to operate on your network and access the Internet f a n nnn nn nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nen ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyWALL 1 1 The ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10 50 is a dual Ethernet Internet security gateway integrated with a robust firewall and network management features designed for home offices and small businesses to access the Internet via cable ADSL modem or Internet router By integrating NAT firewall and VPN capability ZyXEL s ZyWALL 10 50 provides not only ease of installation and Internet access but also a complete security solution that protects your Intranet and efficiently manages data traffic on your network The ZyWALL web configurator is a breeze to operate and totally independent of the operating system platform you use 1 2 Features The following are the main features of the ZyWALL 10 50 Auto negotiating 10 100Mbps Ethernet LAN This auto negotiation feature allows the ZyWALL to detect the speed of incoming transmissions and adjust appropriately without manual intervention It allows data transfer of eithe
154. e shown next Procedures using other serial communications programs should be similar 66 99 Step 1 Display menu 24 6 and enter y at the following screen Ready to restore Configuration via Xmodem Do you want to continue y n Figure 21 9 System Maintenance Restore Configuration Step 2 The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Starting XMODEM download CRC mode CCCCCCCCC Figure 21 10 System Maintenance Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3 Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer then Receive File as shown in the following screen Send File 2 x Type the configuration file s location or click Browse to search Folder C Program Files for it Filename C Product contig rom Browse Protocol Choose the Xmodem protocol xmodem X Send 4 oie EM Then click Send Figure 21 11 Restore Configuration Example Step 4 After a successful restoration you will see the following screen Press any key to restart the ZyWALL and return to the SMT menu Save to ROM Hit any key to start system reboot Figure 21 12 Successful Restoration Confirmation Screen 21 4 Uploading Firmware and Configuration Files This section shows you how to upload firmware and configuration files You can upload configuration files by following the procedure in the previous
155. eate rules to Block certain types of traffic such as IRC Internet Relay Chat from the LAN to the Internet Allow certain types of traffic such as Lotus Notes database synchronization from specific hosts on the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN Allow everyone except your competitors to access a Web server Restrict use of certain protocols such as Telnet to authorized users on the LAN These custom rules work by comparing network traffic s Source IP address Destination IP address IP protocol type to rules set by the administrator Your customized rules take precedence and may override the ZyWALL s default rules 13 2 Rule Logic Overview Study these points carefully before configuring rules 13 2 1 Rule Checklist 1 State the intent of the rule For example This restricts all IRC access from the LAN to the Internet Or This allows a remote Lotus Notes server to synchronize over the Internet to an inside Notes server Creating Custom Rules 13 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Is the intent of the rule to forward or block traffic What is the direction connection from the LAN to the Internet or from the Internet to the LAN What IP services will be affected What computers on the LAN are to be affected if any ea a ca dp What computers on the Internet will be affected The more specific the better For example if traffic is being allowed from the Internet to the LAN it
156. enables you to move messages from one e mail server to another 13 8 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION SNMP TCP UDP 161 SNMP TRAPS TCP UDP 162 Simple Network Management Program Traps for use with the SNMP RFC 1215 SQL NET TCP 1521 SSH TCP UDP 22 STRM WORKS UDP 1558 SYSLOG UDP 514 Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems including mainframes midrange systems UNIX systems and network servers Secure Shell Remote Login Program Stream Works Protocol Allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for Terminal Access Controller Access Control System TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments It operates over TCP IP networks Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to VDOLIVE TCP 7000 FTP but uses the UDP User Datagram Protocol rather than TCP Transmission Control Protocol Another videoconferencing solution Creating Custom Rules 13 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 13 5 1 Creating Editing Firewall Rules To create a new rule click a number No then c
157. end any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyWALL sends it recognizes both formats when receiving RIP 1 is universally supported but RIP 2 carries more information RIP 1 is probably adequate for most networks unless you have an unusual network topology Both RIP 2B and RIP 2M sends the routing data in RIP 2 format the difference being that RIP 2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP 2M uses multicasting Multicasting can reduce the load on non router machines since they generally do not listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not receive the RIP packets However if one router uses multicasting then all routers on your network must use multicasting also By default RIP Direction is set to Both and the Version set to RIP 1 5 3 6 IP Multicast Traditionally IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways Unicast 1 sender 1 recipient or Broadcast 1 sender everybody on the network Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network not everybody and not just 1 IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol is a session layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group it is not used to carry user data IGMP version 2 RFC 2236 is an improvement over version RFC 1112 but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperabil
158. er the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks Table 5 2 Private IP Address Ranges 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA from an ISP or have it assigned by a private network If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks On the other hand if you are part of a much larger organization you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses LAN Setup 5 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines above For more information on address assignment please refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space 5 3 5 RIP Setup RIP Routing Information Protocol RFC1058 and RFC 1389 allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets When set to Both or Out Only the ZyWALL will broadcast its routing table periodically When set to Both or In Only it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives when set to None it will not s
159. ess ENTER to choose Ethernet The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address Service Type Press SPACE BAR to select Standard RR Toshiba RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method or RR Manager RoadRunner Manager authentication method Choose a RoadRunner flavor if your ISP is Time Warner s RoadRunner otherwise choose Standard Note xDSL users must choose the Standard option only The Server IP My Login IP and My Password fields are not applicable in this case My Login Enter the login name given to you by your ISP My Password Enter the password associated with the login name above Login Server IP The ZyWALL will find the RoadRunner Server IP if this field is left blank If it does not then you must enter the authentication server IP address IP Address Assignment If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address select Dynamic otherwise select Static and enter the IP address amp subnet mask in the following fields IP Address Enter the fixed IP address assigned to you by your ISP Static IP Address Assignment is selected in the previous field IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask associated with your static IP Gateway IP Address Enter the gateway IP address associated with your static IP Please see the NAT chapter for a more detailed discussion on the Network Address Translation feature The choices are Full Feature None and SUA Only Netwo
160. ess Setup PPTP The following table contains instructions about the new fields when you choose PPTP in the Encapsulation field in menu 4 Table 6 2 New Fields in Menu 4 PPTP screen FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encapsulation Press SPACE BAR and then press ENTER to choose PPTP PPTP The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before 100 the ZyWALL automatically disconnects from the PPTP default server 6 1 4 PPPoE Encapsulation The ZyWALL supports PPPoE Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard RFC 2516 specifying how a personal computer PC interacts with a broadband modem i e xDSL cable wireless etc connection Internet Access 6 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway For the service provider PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems e g Radius For the user PPPoE provides a login amp authentication method that the existing Microsoft Dial Up Networking software can activate and therefore requires no new learning or procedures for Windows users One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services a function known as dynamic service selection This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users Operationally PPPoE s
161. et Triggered sss 20 7 Packing List Card eec xxxili PAP etnies Ro 7 5 Password iisti inire OIM se 3 1 3 7 lunc EE 20 13 Ping of Death nasenne e 10 4 POP3 dite repete 10 3 10 4 Port Configuration 14 4 Power Adapter ssssssssseseeeee 2 5 PPP IOS han sue o sekhobanip eese 20 8 PPPoE Encapsulation 6 1 6 3 7 1 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 10 7 11 Rear Panel seen 2 2 2 3 2 4 Related Documentation xxxiii Relayer RV ee oh 5 6 Remote Management Firewalls tone eeltume 11 1 Remote Management Limitations 23 4 Remote Management Setup 23 2 Temote Hode o eei etta 7 1 Remote Node Remote Node Setup sss 3 3 Remote Node Filter esses 7 10 Required fields sies 3 2 Restore Configuration sss 21 7 R t rtr address seo eheu 12 4 RIP xaxd tte ARES 5 4 5 7 7 8 7 10 RoadRunner Support sssssssss 1 3 RTC See Real Time Chip See Real Time Chip Rule Summary Example 16 6 Rule Summary 13 4 16 1 16 4 16 6 16 9 16 10 16 11 16 14 PPTP Client i e ween asian E aes 6 3 Rules asec clea ere ER 13 1 13 4 PPTP Encapsulation 1 2 6 2 7 5 7 8 Checklista 2S ese fate stevies hates 13 1 Privates i sse haeo 5 3 5 4 7 8 7 10 8 3 Creating Custom sssssseseeee 13 1 Private IP Addresses
162. etBIOS packets are blocked from initiating calls NetBIOS Filter Configuration Syntax sys filter netbios config lt type gt lt on off gt where lt type gt Identify which NetBIOS filter numbered 0 3 to configure 0 LAN to WAN 1 LAN to DMZ 2 IPSec Packets 3 Trigger dial lt on off gt For types 0 and 1 use on to enable the filter and block NetBIOS packets Use of f to disable the filter and forward NetBIOS packets For type 2 use on to block NetBIOS packets from being sent through a VPN connection Use off to allow NetBIOS packets to be sent through a VPN connection For type 3 use on to allow NetBIOS packets to initiate calls Use of f to block NetBIOS packets from initiating calls Example commands Command sys filter netbios config 0 on This command blocks LAN to WAN NetBIOS packets X NetBIOS Filter Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Command sys filter netbios config 1 off This command forwards LAN to DMZ NetBIOS packets Command sys filter netbios config 2 on This command blocks IPSec NetBIOS packets Command sys filter netbios config 3 off This command stops NetBIOS commands from initiating calls NetBIOS Filter Commands Y ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Index A Call Scheduling sss 24 1 Action for Matched Packets 13 11 maximum number of schedule sets 24 1 Activate T
163. ewall by clicking the Firewall Enabled check box as seen in the following screen GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS LOGS Status Ready Figure 12 1 Enabling the Firewall 12 3 E mail The E mail screen show next allows you to specify your mail server where e mail alerts should be sent as well as when and how often they should be sent 12 3 1 Alerts Alerts are reports on events such as attacks that you may want to know about right away You can choose to generate an alert when an attack is detected in the Attack Alert screen Figure 12 4 check the Generate alert when attack detected checkbox or when a rule is matched in the Rule Config screen see Figure 12 2 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 13 4 When an event generates an alert a message is immediately sent to an e mail account specified by you Enter the complete e mail address to which alert messages will be sent in the E mail Alerts To field and schedule times for sending alerts in the Log Timer fields in the E mail screen following screen 12 3 2 Logs A log is a detailed record that you create for packets that either match a rule don t match a rule or both when you are creating editing a firewall rule see Figure 13 4 You can also choose not to create a log for a rule in this screen An attack automatically generates a log Click Advanced Firewall Configuration and then the E mai
164. ewall is active the default rules allow all traffic from the local network to the WAN Internet and block all traffic from the Internet to the local network GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Email Attack Alert INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Check here to activate the firewall You may also activate the firewall in SMT menu 21 2 Figure 16 1 Activate the Firewall 16 2 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2 Go to the E mail screen by clicking Advanced Firewall Configuration then the E mail tab Configure the E mail screen as follows Attack Alert CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Enter 10 100 1 2 the IP Enter a subject for This is where the This is when an alert address of the mail server these e mails here alerts will be sent will be sent here Figure 16 2 Example 1 E Mail Screen Example Firewall Rules 16 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3 Configure your firewall rule as shown in the following screen The default firewall blocks all Internet traffic entering our local network but you want to create a hole for web service from the Internet Click Internet and go to the Rule Summary Configure this screen as shown This is an Internet to Local Network rule Internet to Local Network BS Source IP Address SENSE Destination IP Address ftl Any CONFIGURATION INTERNET BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 BOOTP SERVER UDP 67 Click Apply when Forwa
165. field Forced Down means that the connection is blocked whether or not there is a demand call on the line Enable Dial On Demand means that this schedule permits a demand call on the line Disable Dial On Demand means that this schedule prevents a demand call on the line Forced Down Enable Dial On Demand Disable Dial On Demand When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel Once your schedule sets are configured you must then apply them to the desired remote node s Enter 11 from the Main Menu and then enter the target remote node index Using SPACE BAR select PPPoE in the Encapsulation field to make the schedule sets field available as shown next Call Scheduling 24 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name ChangeMe Active Yes Encapsulation PPPoE Service Type Standard Service Name N A Outgoing My Login N A My Password N A Server IP N A Route IP Edit IP No Telco Option Allocated Budget min 0 Period hr 0 Schedules 1 2 3 4 Nailed Up Coknection No Session Options Edit Filter SeMs No Idle Timeout se Apply your schedule sets here Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 24 3 Applying Schedule Set s to a Remote Node PPPoE You can apply up to 4 schedule sets separated by com
166. figuration the product must comply with the applicable safety standards and regulatory requirements of the country in which it is installed If necessary consult the appropriate regulatory agencies and inspection authorities to ensure compliance A rare condition can create a voltage potential between the earth grounds of two or more buildings If products installed in separate building are interconnected the voltage potential can cause a hazardous condition Consult a qualified electrical consultant to determine whether or not this phenomenon exists and if necessary implement corrective action before interconnecting the products If the equipment is to be used with telecommunications circuit take the following precautions Important Safety Instructions K ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix F Boot Commands The BootModule AT commands execute from within the router s bootup software when debug mode is selected before the main system firmware ZyNOS is started When you start up your ZyWALL you are given a choice to go into debug mode by pressing a key at the prompt shown in the following screen In debug mode you have access to a series of boot module commands for example ATUR for uploading firmware and ATLC for uploading the configuration file These are already discussed in the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter Bootbase Version V2 02 10 11 2000 13 58 03 RAM Size 8192 Kbytes DRAM Post
167. following fields Rem IP If you have a Static IP Assignment enter the IP address assigned 192 168 1 1 Address to the remote node Rem IP Subnet Mask If you have a Static IP Assignment enter the subnet mask assigned to the remote node 255 255 255 0 My WAN Addr Some implementations especially the UNIX derivatives require the WAN link to have a separate IP network number from the LAN and each end must have a unique address within the WAN network number If this is the case enter the IP address assigned to the WAN port of your ZyWALL Note that this is the address assigned to your local ZyWALL not the remote router 0 0 0 0 Network Address Translation Use SPACE BAR to select either Full Feature None or SUA Only See the NAT chapter for a full discussion on this feature SUA Only Remote Node Setup 7 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7 5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric The metric represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes 1 to 15 IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link The number need not be precise but it must be between 1 and 15 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number Private This parameter determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to Yes this remot
168. g up the VPN tunnel if you leave this field as 0 0 0 0 The VPN tunnel has to be rebuilt if this IP address changes 0 0 0 0 Secure Gateway Addr Type the WAN IP address or the domain name up to 31 characters of the IPSec router with which you re making the VPN connection Set this field to 0 0 0 0 if the remote IPSec router has a dynamic WAN IP address the Key Management field must be set to IKE see later See the Secure Gateway Address section for more details ZwbOtest com tw Protocol Enter 1 for ICMP 6 for TCP 17 for UDP etc 0 is the default and signifies any protocol Local Local IP addresses must be static and correspond to the remote IPSec router s configured remote IP addresses Two active SAs cannot have the local and remote IP address es both the same Two active SAs can have the same local or remote IP address but not both You can configure multiple SAs between the same local and remote IP addresses as long as only one is active at any time Addr Type Press SPACE BAR to choose SINGLE RANGE or SUBNET and press ENTER Select SINGLE with a single IP address Select RANGE for a specific range of IP addresses Select SUBNET to specify IP addresses on a network by their subnet mask SINGLE IP Addr Start When the Addr Type field is configured to Single enter a static IP address on the LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type field is configured to Range enter the be
169. gement 23 5 Call Scheduling and VPN IPSec Part V Call Scheduling and VPN IPSec _ 4 L_ 4 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 24 Call Scheduling Call scheduling allows you to dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long 24 1 Introduction The call scheduling feature allows the ZyWALL to manage a remote node and dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long This feature is similar to the scheduler in a video cassette recorder you can specify a time period for the VCR to record You can apply up to 4 schedule sets in Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile From the main menu enter 26 to access Menu 26 Schedule Setup as shown next Menu 26 Schedule Setup Schedule Schedule Set Name Set Name iu 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12 Enter Schedule Set Number to Configure Edit Name Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 24 1 Menu 26 Schedule Setup Lower numbered sets take precedence over higher numbered sets thereby avoiding scheduling conflicts For example if sets 1 2 3 and
170. ginning static IP address in a range of computers on your LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type is configured to SUBNET this is a static IP address on the LAN behind your ZyWALL 192 168 1 35 End When the Addr Type field is configured to Single this field is N A When the Addr Type field is configured to Range enter the end static IP address in a range of computers on the LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type field is configured to SUBNET this is a subnet mask on the LAN behind your ZyWALL 192 168 1 38 26 10 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 4 Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port Type a port number from 0 to 65535 Some of the most common IP ports are 21 FTP 53 DNS 23 Telnet 80 HTTP 25 SMTP 110 POP3 0 End Enter a port number in this field to define a port range This port number must be greater than that specified in the previous field This field is N A when 0 is configured in the Port Start field N A Remote Remote IP addresses must be static and correspond to the remote IPSec router s configured local IP addresses The remote fields are N A when the Secure Gateway Addr field is configured to 0 0 0 0 Two active SAs cannot have the local and remote IP address es both the same Two active SAs can have the same local or remote
171. gure 16 6 Send Alerts When Attacked Step 2 Configure the E mail screen as shown in example 1 your mail server s IP is 192 168 10 2 Example Firewall Rules 16 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3 Now you want to restrict access to the Internet except for the HTTP proxy server and your mail server First you need to create a custom port for POP3 POP Post Office Protocol is an Internet mail server protocol that provides an incoming message storage system It works in conjunction with the SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol which provides the message transport services required to move mail from one system to another The current version is called POP3 Click Custom Ports and then click Edit Configure the screen as follows POP3 is now a predefined service but you still use the same process for configuring a custom port CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Type a name for this Click Single and enter Click Apply when custom port and select TCP a port number of 110 you ve finished service Figure 16 7 Configuring A POP Custom Port Step 4 Now you will create rules to block all outgoing traffic from the local network to the Internet except for traffic originating from the HTTP proxy server and our mail server Click Local 16 8 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Network to see the Rule Summary screen Now click an avai
172. half opened sessions until it gets them down to the max incomplete low This command sets the threshold where the ZyWALL stops deleting half opened sessions This command sets the threshold of half open TCP sessions with the same destination where the ZyWALL starts dropping half open sessions to that destination This command sets a name to identify a specified set This command sets whether a packet is dropped or allowed through when it does not meet a rule within the set Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets the time period to allow an icmp timeout lt seconds gt ICMP session to wait for the ICMP response Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets how long a UDP connection is udp idle timeout lt seconds gt allowed to remain inactive before the ZyWALL considers the connection closed Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets how long ZyWALL waits for a connection timeout lt seconds gt TCP session to be established before dropping the session Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets how long the ZyWALL leaves a fin wait timeout lt seconds gt TCP session open after the firewall detects a FIN exchange indicating the end of the TCP session Config edit firewall set lt set gt This command sets how long ZyWALL lets an tcp idle timeout lt seconds gt in
173. he Firewall s 16 3 PPPOE 226 nsa a e a ineat 24 3 Alert Schedule sesssss 12 4 Precedence iu epis 24 1 Application level Firewalls 10 1 Precedence Example See Precedence Applications for the ZyWALL 50 1 4 Call Trigerring Packet sss 20 10 AT Command 2 2 ineo ReReb 21 2 CDR cot RC iE 20 7 Attack Certification iiit AER e v Reasons ece herna a in i 15 2 CHAP uites aethere 7 5 Attack Alert sse 12 6 12 8 CLI Commands essere Q Attack Types iiec eene 10 6 Command Interpreter Mode 22 1 Re8801 teet 11 3 Conditions that prevent TFTP and FTP from Authentication ssseeeeee 7 4 7 5 OPTI OVER AN ateina 2i auto negotiation ee eeeeeeeseeeeeeeeceteceeesseenees 1 1 COMME TIRE SPOR USE RON Singh He B Console Port 2 4 20 3 20 4 20 5 I backup o5 d aene Oe REN REUS 21 2 E E Isl Blocks Titia aer 12 7 12 8 12 10 Categories es tens Hie RECO ERES 17 1 Boot Commmands cccecceesceseeseceseceteenseeneeeaes M E He Bicudbaud Aces S cepa nGalcway cocido Days and Times sssssssss 17 1 Brute force Attack sss 10 6 PDE On Rule ee cat Ou cda Me EE Eudgetdifanasemenboose esee ra 22 3 Et DASUS seston eens 17 1 C Keywords eet RET OR 17 2 BAS EET NR 2 4 2 5 10 2 Log Records sien 17 2
174. he ZyWALL via DHCP 4 2 Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS Domain Name System allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you in NetMeeting CU SeeMe or other services You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a DNS like address for example myhost dhs org where myhost is a name of your choice that will never change instead of using an General and WAN Setup 4 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway IP address that changes each time you reconnect Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don t know your IP address First of all you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www dyndns org This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name To use this service you must register with the Dynamic DNS service provider The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key The ZyWALL supports www dyndns org You can apply to this service provider for Dynamic DNS service 4 2 1 DYNDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes yourhost dyndns org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org This feature is useful 1f you want to be able to use for example www yourhost dyndns org and still reach your hostname 4 3 General Setup Step 1 Enter 1 in the main menu to open Menu 1 General
175. he system will ignore all incoming SYN requests making the system unavailable for legitimate users Client SYN ACK SYN ACK SYN ACK Server Pin s Figure 10 3 SYN Flood Firewalls 10 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 2 b Ina LAND Attack hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself 3 A brute force attack such as a Smurf attack targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting to quickly flood the target network with useless data A Smurf hacker floods a router with Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP echo request packets pings Since the destination IP address of each packet is the broadcast address of the network the router will broadcast the ICMP echo request packet to all hosts on the network If there are numerous hosts this will create a large amount of ICMP echo request and response traffic If a hacker chooses to spoof the source IP address of the ICMP echo request packet the resulting ICMP traffic will not only clog up the intermediary network but will also congest the network of the spoofed source IP address known as the victim network This flood of broadcast traffic consumes all available bandwidth making communications impossible Ping
176. hen transferring binary files host is the ZyWALL IP address get transfers the file source on the ZyWALL rom 0 name of the configuration file on the ZyWALL to the file destination on the computer and renames it config rom 21 2 8 GUI Based TFTP Clients The following table describes some of the fields that you may see in GUI Based TFTP clients Table 21 3 General Commands for GUI Based TFTP Clients COMMAND DESCRIPTION Host Enter the IP address of the ZyWALL 192 168 1 1 is the ZyWALL s default IP address when shipped Send Fetch Use Send to upload the file to the ZyWALL and Fetch to back up the file on your computer Local File Enter the path and name of the firmware file bin extension or configuration file rom extension on your computer Remote File This is the filename on the ZyWALL The filename for the firmware is ras and for the configuration file is rom 0 Binary Transfer the file in binary mode Abort Stop transfer of the file Refer to section 21 2 5 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN 21 2 9 Backup Via Console Port Backup configuration via console port by following the HyperTerminal procedure shown next Procedures using other serial communications programs should be similar ee 99 Step 1 Display menu 24 5 and enter y at the following screen Ready to backup Configuration via Xmodem Do you want to continue
177. hrough other means This can arise in cases where RIP is disabled on the LAN Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected and the ZyWALL has no knowledge of the networks beyond For instance the ZyWALL knows about network N2 in the following diagram through remote node Router 1 However the ZyWALL is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn t know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 via gateway Router 2 The static routes are for you to tell the ZyWALL about the networks beyond the remote nodes N1 N2 N3 ZyWALL Router 2 Router 1 Figure 8 1 Example of Static Routing Topology IP Static Route Setup 8 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 8 1 IP Static Route Setup You configure IP static routes in menu 12 1 by selecting one of the IP static routes as shown next Enter 12 Menu 12 IP Static Route Setup Ts 25 9 4 95 6 p 8 Enter selection number from the Figure 8 2 Menu 12 IP Static Route Setup Now enter the index number of one of the static routes you want to configure Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route Route 1 Route Name Active No Destination IP Address IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Metric 2 Private No Press ENTER to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 8 3 Menu 12 1 Edit IP Static Route 8 2 IP Static Route Setup ZyWALL 10 50 In
178. ication and encryption keys are derived from the same root secret which may have security implications in the long run but allows faster SA setup by bypassing the Diffie Hellman key exchange 26 14 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup Phase 1 Negotiation Mode Main Pre Shared Key Encryption algorithm DES Authentication algorithm SHA1 SA Life Time Seconds 28800 ey Group DH1 Phase 2 Active Protocol ESP Encryption algorithm DES Authentication algorithm SHAI1 SA Life Time Seconds 28800 Encapsulation Tunnel Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS None Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 26 9 Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup Table 26 5 Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Phase 1 Negotiation Press SPACE BAR to choose from Main or Aggressive and then press Main Mode ENTER See earlier for a discussion of these modes Multiple SAs connecting through a secure gateway must have the same negotiation mode Pre Shared Key ZyWALL gateways authenticate an IKE VPN session by matching pre shared keys Pre shared keys are best for small networks with fewer than ten nodes Enter your pre shared key here Enter up to 31 characters Any character may be used including spaces but trailing spaces are truncated Multiple SAs connecting through a secure gateway must have the same pre shared key VPN IPSec Se
179. ilters Pain gar Packet Data Call Filters if applicable if line not up Send packet and reset Idle Timer Match Drop Drop packet Drop packet packet if line not up if line notup _ Or Or Send packet Send packet but do not reset but do not reset Idle Timer Idle Timer Figure 18 1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process For incoming packets your ZyWALL applies data filters only Packets are processed depending upon whether a match is found The following sections describe how to configure filter sets 18 1 1 The Filter Structure of the ZyWALL A filter set consists of one or more filter rules Usually you would group related rules e g all the rules for NetBIOS into a single set and give it a descriptive name The ZyWALL allows you to configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set for a total of 72 filter rules in the system You cannot mix device filter rules and protocol filter rules within the same set You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets With each filter set having up to six rules you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port Sets of factory default filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls and to prevent incoming telnetting A summary of their filter rules is shown in the figures that follow
180. ing Firewall NAT and VPN The Big Picture A ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix B PPPoE PPPoE in Action An ADSL modem bridges a PPP session over Ethernet PPP over Ethernet RFC 2516 from your PC to an ATM PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit that connects to a xDSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates see the next figure One PVC can support any number of PPP sessions from your LAN PPPoE provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial up services using PPP Benefits of PPPoE PPPoE offers the following benefits l It provides you with a familiar dial up networking DUN user interface 2 It lessens the burden on the carriers of provisioning virtual circuits all the way to the ISP on multiple switches for thousands of users For GSTN PSTN and ISDN the switching fabric is already in place 3 Itallows the ISP to use the existing dial up model to authenticate and optionally to provide differentiated services Traditional Dial up Scenario The following diagram depicts a typical hardware configuration where the PCs use traditional dial up networking i ISP 1 Oo L c aT c ISP 2 O Diagram 2 Single PC per Modem Hardware Configuration PPPoE C ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway How PPPoE Works The PPPoE driver makes the Ethernet appear as a serial link to the PC and the PC runs PPP over it while the modem bridges the E
181. ing They are 1 One to One In One to One mode the ZyWALL maps one local IP address to one global IP address 2 Many to One In Many to One mode the ZyWALL maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address This is equivalent to SUA i e PAT port address translation ZyXEL s Single User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported the SUA Only option in today s routers 9 4 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 Many to Many Overload In Many to Many Overload mode the ZyWALL maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses 4 Many One to One In Many One to One mode the ZyWALL maps the each local IP addresses to unique global IP addresses 5 Server This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world Port numbers do not change for One to One and Many One to One NAT mapping types The following table summarizes these types Table 9 2 NAT Mapping Types TYPE IP MAPPING SMT ABBREVIATION One to One ILA1 amp IGA1 1 1 Many to One SUA PAT ILA1 amp IGA1 ILA2 amp 2 IGA1 M 1 Many to Many Overload ILA1 amp IGA1 ILA2 amp IGA2 ILA3 amp IGA1 ILA4 amp gt IGA2 M M Ov Many One to One ILA1 amp IGA1 ILA2 amp IGA2 ILA3 amp IGA3 M 1 1 Server Server 1 IP IGA1 Server 2 IP IGA1 Server 3 IP IGA1 Se
182. integrity checks are performed over the combination of the original header plus original payload which is unchanged by a NAT device Transport mode ESP with authentication is not compatible with NAT Table 25 1 VPN and NAT SECURITY PROTOCOL MODE NAT AH Transport N AH Tunnel N ESP Transport N ESP Tunnel Y 25 6 Introduction to IPSec ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 26 VPN IPSec Setup This chapter introduces the VPN SMT menus 26 1 VPN IPSec Setup The VPN IPSec main SMT menu has three main submenus 1 Define VPN policies in menu 27 1 submenus including security policies endpoint IP addresses peer IPSec router IP address and key management 2 Menu 27 2 SA Monitor allows you to manage refresh or disconnect your SA connections 3 View the IPSec connection log in menu 27 4 This menu is also useful for troubleshooting This is an overview of the VPN menu tree Main Menu Menu 27 VPN PSec IPSec Configuration Algorithms Menu 27 1 1 2 Menu 27 1 1 Manual Setup Manage Menu 27 2 ied VPN SAs SA Moritor Management Lo g Menu 27 3 VP N SAs View IPSec Log Figure 26 1 VPN SMT Menu Tree From the main menu enter 27 to display the first VPN menu shown next Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup VPN IPSec Setup 26 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 VPN IPSec Setup 1 IPSec Summary 2 SA Monitor 3 View IPSec Log Enter Me
183. intenance System Maintenance System Maintenance Schedule Setup Diagnostic Time and Date Setting Menu 24 11 Menu 24 1 Menu 24 5 c System Maintenance System Maintenance System Maintenance mE i System Status Backup Configuration Remote Managemen ule Set Setup Menu 24 2 1 System Information Menu 24 6 Menu 24 2 System Maintenance System Information Menu 24 2 2 Restore Configuration Menu 24 7 1 and Console Port Change Console Upload Router Firmware Speed Port Speed Menu 24 7 System Maintenance Menu 24 7 2 Menu 24 3 1 Upload Firmware Upload Router View Error Log Configuration File Menu 24 3 System Maintenance Menu 24 8 Log and Trace UNIX Syslog Command Interpreter Menu 24 3 4 Mode Menu 24 9 1 Budget Management Call Triggering Packet Menu 24 9 System Maintenance Menu 24 9 2 Call Control Call History Figure 3 5 Advanced Management SMT Menus 3 6 Initial Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 VPN IPSec Configuration Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup Menu 27 1 1 Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary IPSec Setup Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup Menu 27 2 SA Monitor Menu 27 3 View IPSec Log Figure 3 6 IPSec VPN Configuration SMT Menus 3 3 Changing the System Password The first thing you should do is change the default system password by following the steps shown next Step 1 Enter 23 in the main menu to open Menu 23 System Password as shown below Menu 23 System Password Old Password Ne
184. interruptions and voltage variations immunity 1994 tests Certifications Refer to the product page at www zyxel com Declaration of Conformity V ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user purchaser that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase During the warranty period and upon proof of purchase should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and or materials ZyXEL will at its discretion repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition Any replacement will consist of a new or re manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal value and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL This warranty shall not apply if the product is modified misused tampered with damaged by an act of God or subjected to abnormal working conditions Note Repair or replacement as provided under this warranty is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties express or implied including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the
185. it Figure 20 2 Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status The following table describes the fields present in Menu 24 1 System Maintenance Status These fields are READ ONLY and are meant to be used for diagnostic purposes The upper right corner of the screen shows the time and date according to the format you set in menu 24 10 Table 20 1 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Port This is the WAN or the LAN port Status Shows the port speed and duplex setting if you re using Ethernet Encapsulation and Down line is down idle line ppp idle dial starting to trigger a call and drop dropping a call if you re using PPPoE Encapsulation TxPkts The number of transmitted packets on this port RxPkts The number of received packets on this port Cols The number of collisions on this port 20 2 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20 1 System Maintenance Status Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Tx B s Shows the transmission speed in Bytes per second on this port Rx B s Shows the reception speed in Bytes per second on this port Up Time Total amount of time the line has been up Ethernet Address The Ethernet address of the port listed on the left IP Address The IP address of the port listed on the left IP Mask The IP mask of the port listed on the left DHCP The DHCP setting
186. it lt 2 0 gt B 08 01 200011 48 41 Local1 Notice 192 168 10 10 RAS FW 192 168 77 88 520 gt 192 168 77 88 520 UDP default permit lt 2 0 gt B 08 01 2000 11 48 39 Local1 Notice 192 168 10 10 RAS FW 172 21 1 50 2172 21 1 50 IGMP 2 default permit lt 2 0 gt B 08 01 2000 11 48 39 Local1 Notice 192 168 10 10 RAS FW 172 21 1 25 gt 172 21 1 25 IGMP lt 2 gt default permit lt 2 0 gt B 20 3 3 Call Triggering Packet Call Triggering Packet displays information about the packet that triggered a dial out call in an easy readable format Equivalent information is available in menu 24 1 in hex format An example is shown next 20 10 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway IP Frame ENETO RECV Size 44 44 Time 17 02 44 262 Frame Type IP Header IP Version 4 Header Length 20 Type of Service 0x00 0 Total Length 0x002C 44 Identification 0x0002 2 Flags 0x00 Fragment Offset 0x00 Time to Live OxFE 254 Protocol 0x06 TCP Header Checksum OxFB20 64288 Source IP OxCOA80101 192 168 1 1 Destination IP 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 TCP Header Source Port 0x0401 1025 Destination Port 0x000D 13 Sequence Number Ox05B8D000 95997952 Ack Number 0x00000000 0 Header Length 24 Flags 0402 9 Window Size 0x2000 8192 Checksum OxEO6A 57450 Urgent Ptr 0x0000 0 Options 0000 02 04 02 00 RAW DATA 0000 45 00 00 2C 00 02 00 00 FE 06 FB 20 CO A8 01 0
187. ity Gateway Table 26 4 Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port Type a port number from 0 to 65535 0 Some of the most common IP ports are 21 FTP 53 DNS 23 Telnet 80 HTTP 25 SMTP 110 POPS End Enter a port number in this field to define a port range This port number must be greater than that specified in the previous field This field is N A when 0 is configured in the Port Start field Enable Replay As a VPN setup is processing intensive the system is vulnerable to Denial No Detection of Service DoS attacks The IPSec receiver can detect and reject old or duplicate packets to protect against replay attacks Enable replay detection by setting this field to Yes Press SPACE BAR to select Yes or No Choose Yes and press ENTER to enable replay detection Key Press SPACE BAR to choose either IKE or Manual and then press IKE Management ENTER Manual is useful for troubleshooting if you have problems using IKE key management Edit Key Press SPACE BAR to change the default No to Yes and then press No Management ENTER to go to a key management menu for configuring your key Setup management setup described later If you set the Key Management field to IKE this will take you to Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup If you set the Key Management field to Manual this will take you to Menu 27 1 1 2 Manual Setup When
188. ity between IGMP version 2 and version 1 please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236 The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 The address 224 0 0 0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers The address 224 0 0 1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts including gateways All hosts must join the 224 0 0 1 group in order to participate in IGMP The address 224 0 0 2 is assigned to the multicast routers group The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 IGMP v1 and IGMP version 2 IGMP v2 At start up the ZyWALL queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership After that the ZyWALL periodically updates this information IP Multicasting can be enabled disabled on the ZyWALL LAN and or WAN interfaces using menus 3 2 LAN and 11 3 WAN Select None to disable IP Multicasting on these interfaces 5 4 LAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 5 3 7 IP Alias IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network ZYWALL LAN 1 IP address menu 3 2 LAN 2 IP alias 1 menu 3 2 1 LAN 3 P alias 2 menu 3 2 1 Ethernet Interface Figure 5 3 Physical Network Figure 5 4
189. ke sure that you enter the correct password using the proper casing If you forget your password you will need to restore the factory default configuration file This will restore all of the factory defaults including the password See the Resetting the ZyWALL section for details Troubleshooting 29 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 29 6 Problems with Remote Management Table 29 6 Troubleshooting Remote Management PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Cannot access the ZyWALL Refer to the Remote Management Limitations section for scenarios when from the LAN or WAN remote management may not be possible When NAT is enabled gt Use the ZyWALL s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN gt Use the ZyWALL s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN Refer to the Problems with the LAN Interface section for instructions on checking your LAN connection Refer to the Problems with the WAN Interface section for instructions on checking your WAN connection 29 4 Troubleshooting ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix A The Big Picture The following figure gives an overview of how filtering the firewall VPN and NAT are related LAN WAN LAN to WAN Outbound Traffic ee DeviceFilter Call Device Filter WAN to L AN Firewall Remote Node Device Alter WAN to LAN Inbound Traffic lt q Diagram 1 Big Picture Filter
190. l Filter TYD z TCP IP Patet RULE subsequent filter types within a set Active Yes P Protocol 6 urce Route No Port Comp Equa Source IP Addr A0 Select Yes to make the rule active P Mask 0 0 0 0 Port 0 Port Comp None TCP Estab No More No 6 is the TCP protocol Action Matche Action Not Ma ched4 Forward The port number for the telnet service TCP protocol Press ENTER to Conf irm or ES FIS 9paCecBsq to Toggle is 23 See RFC 1060 for port numbers of well known services Select Equal here as you are looking for packets going to port 23 only Select Drop here so that the packet will be dropped if its destination is the telnet Select Forward here so that the packet will be port forwarded if its destination is not the telnet port Figure 18 11 Example Filter Menu 21 1 3 1 Filter Configuration 18 15 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway When you press ENTER to confirm you will see the following screen Note that there is only one filter tule in this set Menu 21 1 3 Filter Rules Summary Filter Rules SA 0 0 0 0 DA 0 0 0 0 Enter Filter BAle Number 1 6 to Configure This shows you that you have M N means an action can be taken immediately configured and activated A Y a The action is to drop the packet m D if the TCP IP filter rule Type IP Pr 6 action is matched and to forward the packet for destination telnet ports DP immediately n 7 F if
191. l Setup WAN Setup SNMP Configuration LAN Setup System Password Internet Access Setup System Maintenance Schedule Setup Advanced Applications VPN IPSec Setup 11 Remote Node Setup 12 Static Routing Setup 15 NAT Setup 99 Exit Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 3 3 ZyWALL Main Menu 3 2 2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary Table 3 2 Main Menu Summary NO MENU TITLE FUNCTION 1 General Setup Use this menu to set up administrative information and dynamic DNS 2 WAN Setup Use this menu to clone a MAC address from a computer on your LAN 3 LAN Setup Use this menu to configure LAN DHCP and TCP IP settings as well as apply LAN filters 4 Internet Access Setup Configure your Internet Access setup Internet address gateway login etc with this menu 11 Remote Node Setup Use this menu to configure detailed remote node settings your ISP is also a remote node as well as apply WAN filters 12 Static Routing Setup Configure IP static routes in this menu 15 NAT Setup Use this menu to configure Network Address Translation 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Configure filters activate deactivate the firewall and view the firewall log 22 SNMP Configuration Use this menu to configure SNMP related parameters Initial Setup 3 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 3 2 Main Menu Summary NO MENU TITLE FUNCTION 23
192. l tab to bring up the following screen Attack Alert CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS 0 0 0 0 user zyxel com tw m m Apply Reset Status Ready Figure 12 2 E mail Screen The following table describes the fields in this screen Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator 12 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12 1 E mail FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Address Info Mail Server Enter the IP address of your mail server in dotted decimal notation Your Internet Service Provider ISP should be able to provide this information If this field is left blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail Mail Subject Enter a subject that you want to appear in the subject field of your e mail here see Figure 12 3 If you leave this field blank then the default Firewall Alert From ZyWALL displays as your e mail subject E mail Alerts To Enter the e mail address username mydomain com of whoever is responsible for maintaining the firewall e g your system administrator If this field is left blank alert messages will not be sent via e mail Return address Enter an e mail address to identify the ZyWALL as the sender of the e mail messages i e a return to sender address for backup purposes Log Timer Log Schedule This pop up menu is used to configure the frequency of log messages being sent as e mail daily weekly When Log is Full hourly on
193. lable No rule number button then click Edit to bring up the next screen Click SrcAdd under the Source Address box and enter the IP address of the mail server 192 168 10 2 in the same fashion as in Figure 16 4 Local Network to Internet ce IP Address fS HI Destination IP Address ffi 192 168 10 2 C rorera Bl You want to forward This is the IP Click Apply You select these mail services packets that match address of your when finished Note that the customized service these rules mail server has an before the name to Step 6 distinguish it as such Figure 16 8 Example 2 Local Network Rule 1 Configuration Similarly configure another local network to Internet rule allowing traffic from our web HTTP proxy server Example Firewall Rules 16 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7 The Rule Summary screen should look like Figure 16 9 Don t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule s to save your settings back to the ZyWALL ZyXEL TTG LAN TO WAN POLICY Local Network to Internet MAIN MENU Timeout FIREWALL CONFIGURATION ACL Default Set LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS LOGS Forward None LOGOUT a be mmm Status Ready lick I Rule 1 forwards SMTP and POP traffic from ae m yo Check this box to log all the mail server and Rule 2 forwards HTTP matched rules in the ACL settings back to tr
194. lass i e protocol filters or generic filters The class of a filter set is determined by the first rule that you create When applying the filter sets to a port separate menu fields are provided for protocol and device filter sets If you include a protocol filter set in a device filter field or vice versa the ZyWALL will warn you and will not allow you to save 18 2 3 TCP IP Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a TCP IP filter rule TCP IP rules allow you to base the rule on the fields in the IP and the upper layer protocol e g UDP and TCP headers To configure TCP IP rules select TCP IP Filter Rule from the Filter Type field and press ENTER to open Menu 21 1 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule as shown next Filter Configuration 18 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21 1 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule Filter 1 1 Filter Type TCP IP Filter Rule Active Yes IP Protocol 0 IP Source Route No Destination IP Addr IP Mask Port Port Comp None Source IP Addr IP Mask Port Port Comp None TCP Estab N A More No Log None Action Matched Check Next Rule Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 18 7 Menu 21 1 1 1 TCP IP Filter Rule The following table describes how to configure your TCP IP filter rule Table 18 3 TCP IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD
195. le Summary screens are the same for Local Network and Internet so the discussion below refers to both Click on Firewall then Local Network to bring up the following screen This screen is a summary of the existing rules Note the order in which the rules are listed The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn 13 4 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway LAN TO WAN POLICY CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS c C L c c c C C L C Local Network to Internet Timeout ACL Default Set ivi Figure 13 3 Firewall Rules Summary First Screen The following table describes the fields in this screen Table 13 1 Firewall Rules Summary First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS General Name This is the name of the firewall rule set Type a name to Name distinguish the LAN to WAN filter set from the WAN to LAN filter set The default action for Should packets that do not match the following rules be Block packets not matching blocked or forwarded Make your choice from the drop F d following rules down list box Note that block means the firewall silently orwar discards the packet Creating Custom Rules 13 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 1 Firewall Rules Summary First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Default Policy Log Click this check box to log all matched
196. les Operation is subject to the following two conditions e This device may not cause harmful interference e This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operations This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected 4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Notice 1 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment FCC iii ZYWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Information for Canadian Users The Indus
197. lick Edit in the last screen shown to display the following screen RULE CONFIG CONFIGURATION LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Local Network to Internet BS Source IP Address TENE Destination IP Address fl Any Any BGP TCP 179 BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 BOOTP SERVER UDP B7 CU SEEME TCP UDP 7648 24032 DNS TCP UDP53 Figure 13 4 Creating Editing A Firewall Rule Table 13 3 Creating Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Source Address Click SrcAdd to add a new address SrcEdit to edit SrcAdd an existing one or SrcDelete to delete one Please SrcEdit see the next section for more information on adding pu and editing source addresses SrcDelete 13 10 Creating Custom Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13 3 Creating Editing A Firewall Rule rule generates an alert when the rule is matched FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Destination Address Click DestAdd to add a new address DestEdit to DestAdd edit an existing one or DestDelete to delete one DestEdit Please see the following section on adding and elect editing destination addresses DestDelete Services Please see Table 13 2 for more information on gt gt F services available Highlight a service from the ee A Available Services box on the left then click gt gt to emices add it to the Selected Services box on the right To remove a service highlight it in the Selected
198. llowing diagram The drawback of this solution is that it requires one separate ATM VC per destination ATM over amp DSL PC ANT ISP PP TP RF C 2354 PPP Diagram 4 Transport PPP frames over Ethernet PPTP and the ZyWALL When the ZyWALL is deployed in such a setup it appears as a PC to the ANT ADSL Network Termination In Windows VPN or PPTP Pass Through feature the PPTP tunneling is created from Windows 95 98 and NT clients to an NT server in a remote location The pass through feature allows users on the network to access a different remote server using the ZyWALL s Internet connection In NAT mode the ZyWALL is able to pass the PPTP packets to the internal PPTP server 1 e NT server behind the NAT Users need to forward PPTP packets to port 1723 by configuring the server in Menu 15 2 Server Set Setup In the case above as the remote PPTP Client initializes the PPTP connection the user must configure the PPTP clients The ZyWALL initializes the PPTP connection hence there is no need to configure the remote PPTP clients PPTP Protocol Overview PPTP E ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway PPTP is very similar to L2TP since L2TP is based on both PPTP and L2F Cisco s Layer 2 Forwarding Conceptually there are three parties in PPTP namely the PNS PPTP Network Server the PAC PPTP Access Concentrator and the PPTP user The PNS is the box that hosts both the PPP and the PPTP stacks and forms one end of the PP
199. load ZyWALL firmware and configuration files using FTP please see Chapter 21 for details To use this feature your computer must have an FTP client Remote Management 23 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 23 3 Web You can use the ZyWALL s embedded web configurator for configuration and file management See the Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator chapter for an introduction to the web configurator 23 4 Remote Management Remote management control is for managing Telnet Web and FTP services You can customize the service port access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility You may manage your ZyWALL from a remote location via gt Internet WAN only gt ALL LAN and WAN gt LAN only gt Neither Disable Choosing WAN only or ALL LAN amp WAN automatically creates a hole in the firewall for the server type specified To disable remote management of a service select Disable in the corresponding Server Access field Enter 11 from menu 24 to bring up Menu 24 11 Remote Management Control 23 2 Remote Management ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 11 Remote Management Control TELNET Server Port 23 Access LAN only Secured Client IP 0 0 0 0 FTP Server Port Access LAN only Secured Client IP 0 0 0 0 Web Server Port Access LAN o Secured Client IP 0 0 0 0 SNMP Server Port Access LAN only Secured Client IP
200. lt No default When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 4 3 1 Configuring Dynamic DNS To configure Dynamic DNS go to Menu 1 General Setup and press SPACE BAR to select Yes in the Edit Dynamic DNS field Press ENTER to display Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS shown next Menu 1 1 Configure Dynamic DNS Service Provider WWW DynDNS ORG Active Yes DDNSType DynamicDNS Host EMAIL USER Password kckckckckckck ck Enable Wildcard No Offline N A Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel Figure 4 2 Configure Dynamic DNS Follow the instructions in the next table to configure Dynamic DNS parameters Table 4 2 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Service Provider This is the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider WWW DynDNS ORG default General and WAN Setup 4 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Active Press SPACE BAR to select Yes and then press ENTER to make dynamic DNS active Yes DDNS Type Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select DynamicDNS if you have a dynamic IP address es Select StaticDNS if you have a static IP address s Select CustomDNS to have dyns org provide DNS service for a domain name that you already have from a
201. lter Rule configured press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel This data will now be displayed on Menu 21 1 1 Filter Rules Summary The following figure illustrates the logic flow of an IP filter 18 10 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Packet into IP Filter f Y Apply SrcAddrMask to Src Addr y o Check Sio p Ad E ERE Matched Matched Y Apply DestAddrMask to Dest Addr Check Dest dB Ad ber E Matched 7 Check E lt p Protocol Not Matched ET Matched PN Check Sre amp Dest Po ios Not Matched Matched Action Matched Check Next Rule y Check Next Rule Action Not Matched Drop Forward Drop Forward Va Drop Packet Nes Check Next Rule P aL Accept Packet 5 E Figure 18 8 Executing an IP Filter Filter Configuration 18 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 18 2 4 Generic Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a generic filter rule The purpose of generic rules is to allow you to filter non IP packets For IP it is generally easier to use the IP rules directly For generic rules the ZyWALL treats a packet as a byte stream as opposed to an IP or IPX packet You specify the portion of the packet
202. ly when the log is full or none If the Weekly Hourly or the Daily option is selected specify a time of day Daily when the e mail should be sent If the Weekly option is selected then also specify which day of the week the e Weekly mail should be sent If the When Log is Full option is None selected an alert is sent when the log fills up If you select None no log messages are e mailed Day for Sending Click which day of the week you want to send the alert Sunday through Alerts from the drop down list box Saturday Time for Sending Alerts Click the up or down arrows to the right of the list box to choose a time to send the alerts When you have finished click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen Cancel to exit this screen without saving or Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen 12 4 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 12 3 3 SMTP Error Messages If there are difficulties in sending e mail the following error messages appear Please see the Support Notes on the included disk for information on other types of error messages E mail error messages appear in SMT menu 24 3 1 as SMTP action request failed ret The are described in the following table Table 12 2 SMTP Error Messages 1 means ZyWALL out of socket 2 means tcp SYN fail 3 means smip server OK fail 4 means HELO fail 5 means MAIL F
203. mas for one remote node Change the schedule set numbers to your preference s Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name ChangeMe Active Yes Encapsulation PPTP Service Type Standard Service Name N A Outgoing My Login My Password x Authen CHAP PAP PETE 3 My IP Addr Server IP Addr Connection ID Name Route IP Edit IP No Telco Option Allocated Budget min 0 Period hr 0 Schedules 1 2 3 4 Nailed up Connedtions Session Options Edit Filter Sets Idle Timeout sec Apply your schedule sets here Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 24 4 Applying Schedule Set s to a Remote Node PPTP 24 4 Call Scheduling ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 25 Introduction to IPSec This chapter introduces the basics of IPSec VPNs 25 1 Introduction 25 1 1 VPN A VPN Virtual Private Network provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site to site lines A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling encryption authentication access control and auditing technologies services used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses the TCP IP protocol suite for communication 25 1 2 IPSec Internet Protocol Security IPSec is a standards based VPN that offers flexible solutions for secure data communications across a public network like the Internet IPSec is built around a
204. n from the Internet would normally be rejected In order to achieve this the ZyWALL inspects the application level FTP data Specifically it searches for outgoing PORT commands and when it sees these it adds a cache entry for the anticipated data connection This can be done safely since the PORT command contains address and port information which can be used to uniquely identify the connection Any protocol that operates in this way must be supported on a case by case basis You can use the web configurator s Custom Ports feature to do this 10 6 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall 1 Change the default password via SMT or web configurator 2 Think about access control before you connect a console port to the network in any way including attaching a modem to the port Be aware that a break on the console port might give unauthorized individuals total control of the firewall even with access control configured 3 Limit who can telnet into your router 4 Don t enable any local service such as SNMP or NTP that you don t use Any enabled service could present a potential security risk A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network 5 Forlocal services that are enabled protect against misuse Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at
205. n menu 24 4 conveniently allow you to release and or renew the assigned WAN IP address subnet mask and default gateway in a fashion similar to winipcfg 20 12 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway DHCP LAN WAN Server Client None None ZyWALL Figure 20 11 WAN amp LAN DHCP The following table describes the diagnostic tests available in menu 24 4 for your ZyWALL and associated connections Table 20 4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic FIELD DESCRIPTION Ping Host Enter 1 to ping any machine with an IP address on your LAN or WAN Enter its IP address in the Host IP Address field below WAN DHCP Release Enter 2 to release your WAN DHCP settings WAN DHCP Renewal Enter 3 to renew your WAN DHCP settings Internet Setup Test Enter 4 to test the Internet Setup You can also test the Internet Setup in Menu 4 Internet Access Please refer to the Internet Access chapter for more details This feature is only available for dial up connections using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation Reboot System Enter 11 to reboot the ZyWALL Host IP Address If you entered 1 in the Host IP Address field above then enter the IP address of the machine you want to ping in this field Enter the number of the selection you would like to perform or press ESC to cancel System Information amp Diagnosis 20 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 21 Fi
206. n your computer local network or FTP site and so the name but not the extension will vary After uploading new firmware see the ZyNOS F W Version field in Menu 24 2 1 System Maintenance Information to confirm that Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway you have uploaded the correct firmware version The AT command is the command you enter after you press y when prompted in the SMT menu to go into debug mode Table 21 1 Filename Conventions FILE TYPE INTERNAL EXTERNAL NAME DESCRIPTION NAME Configuration Rom 0 rom This is the configuration filename on the File ZyWALL Uploading the rom 0 file replaces the entire ROM file system including your ZyWALL configurations system related data including the default password the error log and the trace log Firmware Ras bin This is the generic name for the ZyNOS firmware on the ZyWALL 21 2 Backup Configuration The ZyWALL displays different messages explaining different ways to backup restore and upload files in menus 24 5 24 6 24 7 1 and 24 7 2 depending on whether you use the console port or Telnet Option 5 from Menu 24 System Maintenance allows you to backup the current ZyWALL configuration to your computer Backup is highly recommended once your ZyWALL is functioning properly FTP is the preferred methods for backing up your current configuration to your computer since it is faster You can al
207. nce Call Control to bring up the following menu Menu 24 9 1 Budget Management Remote Node Connection Time Total Budget Elapsed Time Total Period l ChangeMe No Budget No Budget Reset Node 0 to update screen Figure 22 4 Budget Management The total budget 1s the time limit on the accumulated time for outgoing calls to a remote node When this limit is reached the call will be dropped and further outgoing calls to that remote node will be blocked After each period the total budget is reset The default for the total budget is 0 minutes and the period is 0 hours meaning no budget control You can reset the accumulated connection time in this menu by entering the index of a remote node Enter 0 to update the screen The budget and the reset period can be configured in menu 11 1 for the remote node Table 22 1 Budget Management FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Remote Node Enter the index number of the remote node you want to 1 reset just one in this case Connection This is the total connection time that has gone by 5 10 means that 5 minutes Time Total within the allocated budget that you set in menu 11 1 out of a total allocation of Budget 10 minutes have lapsed Elapsed The period is the time cycle in hours that the allocation 0 5 1 means that 30 Time Total budget is reset see menu 11 1 The elapsed time is minutes out of the 1 hour Period the time used up within this period time period has lapsed
208. ncel Figure 9 15 Menu 15 2 Specifying an Inside Server 9 5 3 Example 3 Multiple Public IP Addresses With Inside Servers In this example there are 3 IGAs from our ISP There are many departments but two have their own FTP server All departments share the same router The example will reserve one IGA for each department with an FTP server and all departments use the other IGA Map the FTP servers to the first two IGAs and the other LAN traffic to the remaining IGA Map the third IGA to an inside web server and mail server Four rules need to be configured two bi directional and two uni directional as follows Rule 1 Map the first IGA to the first inside FTP server for FTP traffic in both directions 1 1 mapping giving both local and global IP addresses Rule 2 Map the second IGA to our second inside FTP server for FTP traffic in both directions 1 1 mapping giving both local and global IP addresses Rule 3 Map the other outgoing LAN traffic to IGA3 Many 1 mapping Rule 4 You also map your third IGA to the web server and mail server on the LAN Type Server allows you to specify multiple servers of different types to other computers behind NAT on the LAN NAT 9 19 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The example situation looks somewhat like this Other Computers on the LAN Web Server 192 168 1 21 Mapping Rules 1 FTP 1 lt gt IGA 1 Type 1 1 2 FTP 2 lt gt IGA 2 Typ
209. nd Accounting Syslog Active No Syslog IP Address Log Facility Local 1 Types CDR No Packet Triggered No Filter log No PPP log No Firewall log No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 20 8 Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance UNIX Syslog You need to configure the UNIX syslog parameters described in the following table to activate syslog then choose what you want to log Table 20 3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters PARAMETER DESCRIPTION UNIX Syslog Active Press SPACE BAR to turn syslog on or off Syslog IP Address Enter the IP Address of the server that will log the CDR Call Detail Record and system messages i e the syslog server Log Facility Press SPACE BAR to select a Local option The log facility allows you to log the message to different files in the server Please refer to your UNIX manual for more details Types CDR Call Detail Record CDR logs all data phone line activity if set to Yes Packet triggered The first 48 bytes or octets and protocol type of the triggering packet is sent to the UNIX syslog server when this field is set to Yes System Information amp Diagnosis 20 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20 3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters PARAMETER DESCRIPTION Filter log No filters are logged when this field is set to No Filters with the individual filter Log Filter field set
210. nd and the old logs are lost Packet Information Reason Action From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP sre port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 E From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP src port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP sre port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 oe From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP src port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 pt From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP sre port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 CONFIGURATION LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP src port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 D From 192 168 1 33 To 192 168 1 255 default permit forward UDP sre port 00138 dest port 00138 1 00 _ Previous Page Refresh Cieer NexPese Figure 15 1 Log Screen Logs 15 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15 1 Log Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES No This is the index number of the firewall log 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127 Once they are all used the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost Time This is the time the log was recorded in this dd mm yy e g Jan 10 format You must configure menu 24 10 for real 7 time otherwise the time shown in these examples hh mm ss e g 00 00 00 i
211. nect your ZyWALL 10 50 to the LAN and the WAN If you want to connect a cable modem you must connect the coaxial cable from your cable service to the threaded coaxial cable connector on the back of the cable modem Connect an xDSL modem to the xDSL wall jack See also the Appendices for important safety instructions when making connections to the ZyWALL Step 1 Connecting the Console Port Use terminal emulator software on a computer when connecting a computer to the ZyWALL via the console port Connect the 9 pin end of the console cable to the console port of the ZyWALL and the other end choice of 9 pin or 25 pin depending on your computer to a serial port COMI COM2 or other COM 2 4 Hardware Installation ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway port of your computer You can use an extension RS 232 cable if the enclosed one is too short After the initial setup you can modify the configuration remotely through telnet connections Step 2 Connecting the ZyWALL to the Broadband Modem Step 2a Connecting the ZyWALL to the cable modem Connect the 10 100 WAN port on the ZyWALL to the Ethernet port on the cable modem using the Ethernet cable that came with your cable modem The Ethernet port on a cable modem is sometimes labeled PC or Workstation OR Step 2b Connecting the ZyWALL to the xDSL modem Connect the 10 100 WAN port on the ZyWALL to the Ethernet port on the xDSL modem using the Ethernet cable that came with your xDSL modem
212. ng Menu 2 WAN Setup From the main menu enter 2 to open menu 2 ZyXEL recommends you configure this menu even if your ISP does not require MAC address authentication Menu 2 WAN Setup MAC Address Assigned By Factory default IP Address N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 4 3 Menu 2 WAN Setup The MAC address field allows users to configure the WAN port s MAC address by using either the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN Once it is successfully configured the address will be copied to the rom file ZyNOS configuration file It will not change unless you change the setting in menu 2 or upload a different rom file The following table contains instructions on how to configure your WAN setup Table 4 3 WAN Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE MAC Address Assigned By Press SPACE BAR to choose one of two methods to assign a MAC Factory Address Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default default MAC Address Choose IP Address attached on LAN to use the MAC Address of that computer whose IP you give in the following field IP Address This field is applicable only if you choose the IP Address attached N A on LAN method Enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN General and WAN Setup 4 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP A
213. nnect to the ZyWALL and log in Because TFTP does not have any security checks the ZyWALL records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address Step 2 Put the SMT in command interpreter CI mode by entering 8 in Menu 24 System Maintenance Step 3 Enter command sys stdio 0 to disable the SMT timeout so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted Enter command sys stdio 5 to restore the five minute SMT timeout default when the file transfer is complete Step 4 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the ZyWALL Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer Step 5 Use the TFTP client see the example below to transfer files between the ZyWALL and the computer The file name for the configuration file is rom 0 rom zero not capital 0 Note that the telnet connection must be active and the SMT in CI mode before and during the TFTP transfer For details on TFTP commands see following example please consult the documentation of your TFTP client program For UNIX use get to transfer from the ZyWALL to the computer and binary to set binary transfer mode 21 2 7 TFTP Command Example The following is an example TFTP command Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway TFTP i host get rom 0 config rom 66599 where i specifies binary image transfer mode use this mode w
214. nter the PPPoE service name provided to you in the Service Name field 6 2 Basic Setup Complete Well done You have successfully connected installed and set up your ZyWALL to operate on your network as well as access the Internet When the firewall is activated the default policy allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the LAN and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet You may deactivate the firewall in menu 21 2 or via the ZyWALL web configurator You may also define additional firewall rules or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so See the firewall part Internet Access 6 5 Advanced Applications Part II Advanced Applications L_ 4 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 7 Remote Node Setup This chapter shows you how to configure a remote node A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway A remote node represents both the remote gateway and the network behind it across a WAN connection Note that when you use menu 4 to set up Internet access you are actually configuring a remote node We will show you how to configure Menu 11 1 Remote Node Profile Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options and Menu 11 5
215. nu 15 1 1 SUA Address Mapping Rules The following table explains the fields in this screen The fields in Menu 15 1 255 are read only Table 9 4 SUA Address Mapping Rules FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Set Name This is the name of the set you selected in menu 15 1 or SUA enter the name of a new set you want to create Idx This is the index or rule number 1 Local Start IP Local Start IP is the starting local IP address ILA see 0 0 0 0 Figure 9 1 Local End IP 255 255 255 255 Local End IP is the ending local IP address ILA If the rule is for all local IPs then the Start IP is 0 0 0 0 and the End IP is 255 255 255 255 Global Start IP This is the starting global IP address IGA If you have a 0 0 0 0 dynamic IP enter 0 0 0 0 as the Global Start IP NAT 9 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9 4 SUA Address Mapping Rules Type FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Global End IP This is the ending global IP address IGA N A These are the mapping types discussed above see Server Table 9 2 Server allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this machine See later for some examples Once you have finished configuring a rule in this menu press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel User Defined Address Mapping Sets Now let s look at Option 1 in menu 1
216. nu Selection Number Figure 26 2 Menu 27 VPN IPSec Setup 26 2 IPSec Algorithms The ESP and AH protocols are necessary to create a Security Association SA the foundation of an IPSec VPN An SA is built from the authentication provided by the AH and ESP protocols The primary function of key management is to establish and maintain the SA between systems Once the SA is established the transport of data may commence 26 2 1 AH Authentication Header Protocol AH protocol RFC 2402 was designed for integrity authentication sequence integrity replay resistance and non repudiation but not for confidentiality for which the ESP was designed In applications where confidentiality 1s not required or not sanctioned by government encryption restrictions an AH can be employed to ensure integrity This type of implementation does not protect the information from dissemination but will allow for verification of the integrity of the information and authentication of the originator 26 2 2 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload Protocol The ESP protocol RFC 2406 provides encryption as well as some of the services offered by AH ESP authenticating properties are limited compared to the AH due to the non inclusion of the IP header information during the authentication process However ESP is sufficient if only the upper layer protocols need to be authenticated An added feature of the ESP is payload padding which further protects communica
217. o Choose Yes and Yes No press ENTER to activate the schedule set Start Date Enter the start date when you wish the set to take effect in year month date format Valid dates are from the present to 2036 February 5 How Often Should this schedule set recur weekly or be used just once only Press Once Weekly SPACE BAR to toggle between Once and Weekly Both these options are mutually exclusive If Once is selected then all weekday settings are N A When Once is selected the schedule rule deletes automatically after the scheduled time elapses 24 2 Call Scheduling ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 24 1 Schedule Set Setup Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTION Once If you selected Once in the How Often field above then enter the date Date the set should activate here in year month date format Weekday If you selected Weekly in the How Often field above then select the Yes D day s when the set should activate and recur by going to that day s No ay and pressing SPACE BAR to select Yes then press ENTER N A Start Time Enter the start time when you wish the schedule set to take effect in hour minute format Duration Enter the maximum length of time this connection is allowed in hour Maximum minute format duration Action Forced On means that the connection is maintained whether or not Forced On there is a demand call on the line and will persist for the time period specified in the Duration
218. oadRunner Toshiba authentication method or RR Manager RoadRunner Manager authentication method Choose one of the RoadRunner methods if your ISP is Time Warner s RoadRunner otherwise choose Standard Service Name If you are using PPPoE encapsulation then type the name of poellc 7 2 Remote Node Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7 1 Fields in Menu 11 1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Outgoing My Login Enter the login name assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL jim calls this remote node Some ISPs append this field to the Service Name field above e g jim poellc to access the PPPoE server My Password Enter the password assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL calls this remote node kkkkk Server IP This field is valid for RoadRunner service type only The ZyWALL will find the RoadRunner Server IP automatically if this field is left blank If it does not then you must enter the authentication server IP address here Route This field refers to the protocol that will be routed by your IP ZyWALL IP is the only option for the ZyWALL 10 50 Edit IP This field leads to a hidden menu Press SPACE BAR to select Yes Yes and press ENTER to go to Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Session Options This field leads to another hidden menu Use SPACE BAR to Yes Edit Filt t select Yes and press ENTER to open menu 11 5 to edit the filter It Fiter sets sets See th
219. obal addresses to computers on the LAN You can see two NAT Address Mapping sets in menu 15 1 You can only configure Set 1 Set 255 is used for SUA When you select Full Feature in menu 4 or 11 3 the SMT will use Set 1 which supports all mapping types as outlined in Table 9 2 When you select SUA Only the SMT will use the pre configured Set 255 read only A server set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports To use this set one set for the ZyWALL a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address Mapping set Please see section 9 4 for further information on these menus To configure NAT enter 15 from the main menu to bring up the following screen Menu 15 NAT Setup Address Mapping Sets Server Set Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 9 5 Menu 15 NAT Setup 9 3 1 Address Mapping Sets Enter to bring up Menu 15 1 Address Mapping Sets Menu 15 1 Address Mapping Sets 1 NAT_SET 255 SUA read only Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 9 6 Menu 15 1 Address Mapping Sets 9 8 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway SUA Address Mapping Set Enter 255 to display the next screen see also section 9 2 1 The fields in this menu cannot be changed Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules Set Name SUA Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Server 2 2 3y 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 m Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 7 Me
220. odem cable or ADSL connecting to the Internet Q The LAN Local Area Network port attaches to a network of computers which needs security from the outside world These computers will have access to Internet services such as e mail FTP and the World Wide Web However inbound access will not be allowed unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service 10 2 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway e Deniaj WAN Attacks Ethernet Ethernet H ZyWALL LAN WAN Figure 10 1 ZyWALL Firewall Application 10 4 Denial of Service Denials of Service DoS attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet Their goal is not to steal information but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources The ZyWALL is pre configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks 10 4 1 Basics Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP IP TCP IP in turn is a set of application protocols that perform specific functions These protocols such as HTTP Web FTP File Transfer Protocol POP3 E mail etc are identified by an extension number called the TCP port or UDP port For example Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80 When computers communicate on the Internet they are using the client server model where the server listens on a specific TCP UDP port for information re
221. of the TCP session FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE TCP Timeout Values Connection Timeout This is the length of time the ZyWALL waits fora TCP 30 seconds session to reach the established state before dropping the session FIN Wait Timeout This is the length of time a TCP session remains open 60 seconds ICMP response Idle Timeout This is the length of time of inactivity a TCP connection 3600 seconds remains open before the ZyWALL considers the 1 hour connection closed UDP Idle Timeout This is the length of time of inactivity a UDP connection 60 seconds remains open before the ZyWALL considers the connection closed ICMP Timeout This is the length of time an ICMP session waits for the 60 seconds When you have finished click on Apply to apply your changes or Reset to go back to the original settings Click Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen Creating Custom Rules 13 15 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 14 Custom Ports This chapter covers creating viewing and editing custom ports 14 1 Introduction Configure customized ports for services not predefined by the ZyWALL see Figure 13 4 Fora comprehensive list of port numbers and services visit the IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority website For further information on these services please read section 13 5 To configure a custom port click Custom Ports to bring up the following screen ZyXEL
222. of the port listed on the left System up Time The total time the ZyWALL has been on Name This is the ZyWALL s system name domain name assigned in menu 1 e g System Name xxx Domain Name baboo mickey com Name xxx baboo mickey com Routing This field refers to the routing protocol used ZyNOS F W Version The ZyNOS Firmware version and the date created You may enter 1 to drop the WAN connection 9 to reset the counters or ESC to return to menu 24 20 2 System Information and Console Port Speed This section describes your system and allows you to choose different console port speeds To get to the System Information and Console Port Speed Step 1 Enter 24 to go to Menu 24 System Maintenance Step 2 Enter 2 to open Menu 24 2 System Information and Console Port Speed Step 3 From this menu you have two choices as shown in the next figure System Information amp Diagnosis 20 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 2 System Information and Console Port Speed 1 System Information 2 Console Port Speed Please enter selection Figure 20 3 Menu 24 2 System Information and Console Port Speed 20 2 1 System Information System Information gives you information about your system as shown below More specifically it gives you information on your routing protocol Ethernet address IP address etc Menu 24 2 1 System Maintenance Information Name Routing IP ZyNOS F W Ve
223. omplete the ZyWALL starts deleting half open sessions according to one of the following methods 1 Ifthe Blocking Time timeout is 0 the default then the ZyWALL deletes the oldest existing half open session for the host for every new connection request to the host This ensures that the number of half open sessions to a given host will never exceed the threshold Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator 12 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 2 Ifthe Blocking Time timeout is greater than 0 then the ZyWALL blocks all new connection requests to the host giving the server time to handle the present connections The ZyWALL continues to block all new connection requests until the Blocking Time expires The ZyWALL also sends alerts whenever TCP Maximum Incomplete is exceeded The global values specified for the threshold and timeout apply to all TCP connections Click on the Attack Alert tab to bring up the next screen ATTACK ALERT Config Email CONFIGURATION INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS Status Ready Figure 12 4 Attack Alert The following table describes the fields in this screen Table 12 3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Generate alert when A detected attack automatically generates attack detected a log entry Check this box to generate an alert as well as a log whenever an attack is detected See the Logs Chapter for more information on logs and alerts 12 8 Using the
224. on e mail messages R Firewall Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND edit firewall attack no gt config lt yes edit firewall attack 0 255 config minute config edit firewall attack high 0 255 config edit firewall attack low 0 255 config edit firewall attack incomplete high 0 255 config edit firewall attack incomplete low 0 255 config edit firewall attack max incomplete 0 255 Sets name desired name block block minute minute max max tcp config edit firewall set set gt Config edit firewall set set gt default permit forward block DESCRIPTION Set this command to yes to block new traffic after the tcp max incomplete threshold is exceeded Set itto no to delete the oldest half open session when traffic exceeds the tcp max incomplete threshold This command sets the number of minutes for new sessions to be blocked when the tcp max incomplete threshold is reached This command is only valid when block is set to yes This command sets the threshold rate of new half open sessions per minute where the ZyWALL starts deleting old half opened sessions until it gets them down to the minute low threshold This command sets the threshold of half open sessions where the ZyWALL stops deleting half opened sessions This command sets the threshold of half open sessions where the ZyWALL starts deleting old
225. onds 2 Wed Aug 22 21 23 54 2001 PINI FO SMT Session Begin 3 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PPOd FO No DNS server available 4 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PP17 WARN Wrong domain name 5 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PPOd FO No DNS server available 6 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PP17 FO Last errorlog repeat 8 Times 7 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PP17 FO getDateTime fail no server available 8 Wed Aug 22 21 24 26 2001 PP17 FO adjtime task pause 1 day 0 Thu Aug 23 08 26 59 2001 P WARN SNMP TRAP 0 cold start 1 Thu Aug 23 08 26 59 2001 P FO main init completed 2 Thu Aug 23 08 27 04 2001 PP17 FO adjtime task pause 1 day 3 Thu Aug 23 08 27 28 2001 P FO SMT Session Begin 4 Thu Aug 23 08 27 40 2001 P WARN system name is not configured 5 Thu Aug 23 08 27 41 2001 PPOd FO LAN promiscuous mode 0 6 Thu Aug 23 08 32 40 2001 P FO SMT Session End 7 Thu Aug 23 08 33 07 2001 P FO SMT Session Begin 8 Thu Aug 23 09 01 12 2001 P FO SMT Session End 9 Thu Aug 23 09 02 09 2001 P FO SMT Session Begin Figure 20 7 Examples of Error and Information Messages 20 6 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 20 3 2 UNIX Syslog The ZyWALL uses the UNIX syslog facility to log the CDR Call Detail Record and system messages to a syslog server Syslog and accounting can be configured in Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance Syslog and Accounting as shown next Menu 24 3 2 System Maintenance UNIX Syslog a
226. onfiguration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 7 1 System Maintenance Upload System Firmware To upload System firmware 1 Enter y at the prompt below to go into debug mode Enter atur after Enter Debug Mode message 3 Wait for Starting XMODEM upload message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal 4 After successful firmware upload enter atgo to restart the router N Warning Proceeding with the upload will erase the current router firmware Do You Wish To Proceed Y N Figure 21 16 Menu 24 7 1 Using the Console Port Step 2 After the Starting Xmodem upload message appears activate the Xmodem protocol on your computer Follow the procedure as shown previously for the HyperTerminal program The procedure for other serial communications programs should be similar 21 4 9 Example Xmodem Firmware Upload Using HyperTerminal Click Transfer then Send File to display the following screen Send File ai 2x Type the firmware file s location or Folder C Program Files click Browse to look for it Filename C Product firmware bin Browse Protocol Choose the Xmodem protocol Amodem z Send Else ance Then click Send Figure 21 17 Example Xmodem Upload After the firmware upload process has completed the ZyWALL will automatically restart Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 15 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway
227. ooting 10M LAN LAN Green Off The 10M LAN is not connected On The ZyWALL is connected to a 10M LAN Hardware Installation 2 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 2 1 LED Descriptions LED FUNCTION COLOR STATUS MEANING Flashing The 10M LAN is sending receiving packets 100M LAN Orange Off The 100M LAN is not connected s On The ZyWALL is connected to a 100Mbps LAN Flashing The 100M LAN is sending receiving packets 10M WAN Green Off The 10M WAN is not connected NAM On The ZyWALL is connected to a 10M WAN Flashing The 10M WAN is sending receiving packets 100M WAN Orange Off The WAN Link is not ready or has failed P n On The WAN Link is OK 50 Flashing The 100M WAN link is sending receiving packets 2 2 ZyWALL Rear Panel and Connections The following figures show the rear panel of your ZyWALL 10 50 and the related connections 2 2 Hardware Installation ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway POWER UPLINK 10 1 00M LAN Broadband modem Internet Router Internet Service Provider E Computer qe Figure 2 2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections Hardware Installation 2 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway OFF ON Broadband modem lrkernet Router Internet Service Provider Computer mm Figure 2 3 ZyWALL 50 Rear Panel and Connections This section outlines how to con
228. ord010080 7505 RO1mF Mar 03 12 00 52 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL GEN ffffffffffffO080 5052 RO1mF Mar 03 12 00 57 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL GEN 00a0c5f502010080 3505 RO1mF Mar 03 12 01 06 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL IP Src 192 168 2 33 Dst 202 132 155 93 TCP spo 01170 dpo 00021 S04 gt R01mF 4 PPP log PPP Log Message Format sdcmdSyslogSend SYSLOG_PPPLOG SYSLOG NOTICE String String ppp Proto Starting ppp Proto Opening ppp Proto Closing ppp Proto Shutdown System Information amp Diagnosis 20 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Proto LCP ATCP BACP BCP CBCP CCP CHAP PAP IPCP IPXCP Jul 19 11 42 44 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL ppp LCP Closing Jul 19 11 42 49 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL ppp IPCP Closing Jul 19 11 42 54 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL ppp CCP Closing 5 Firewall log Firewall Log Message Format sdcmdSyslogSend SYSLOG_FIREWALL SYSLOG_NOTICE buf buf IP Src2xx xx xx xx SPO XXXX Dst2xx Xx Xx xx dpO xxxx prot rule action Src Source Address Spo Source port empty means no source port information Dst Destination Address dpo Destination port empty means no destination port information prot Protocol TCP UDP ICMP IGMP GRE ESP rule a b where a means set number b means rule number action nothing N block B forward F 08 01 2000 11 48 41 Local1 Notice 192 168 10 10 RAS FW 172 21 1 80 137 2172 21 1 80 137 UDP default perm
229. osin asta aot JB en EM E EDU 18 1 DN Seion ev SRI REESE 5 2 m NE HRS 18 18 M Dai eM noe Configuring essen 18 4 DoS Exar ple daa sete enhn 18 14 hr x 10 3 UT ERE 20 8 TYPES Rud ee te RE etae 10 4 Geleie Elie Rolando 18 12 DoS Denial of Service ce i n PT 18 17 DURS DSi Qe uq TES SFL Te an iol se eM AM 18 2 BB Index ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Filters Rule To Allow Web Service From The Internet Escottinga iler T dente TOME LLL 16 1 Lose Fiw aan EIE 18 10 SEVICE mont udis nif eee dbi cci eT 13 7 Firewall SMT Menus iessen irei 11 1 EN E E O O E 11 1 Type E 10 1 Activa t sao odes a aes 11 1 Whe LO A qinqudaun w A GPCR RARO RE 13 13 Flow Conttol ane canna eO eed een 2 6 Bless ies a hon died 12 2 DORE eS gre E RS ai Conheci DIEGO ee eaten 13 3 ETP E E E eet 23 4 E E a COS 13 10 FTP File Transfer esee 21 11 CR DBS es cceooses cc Soc Pots FTP Restrictions ccccceeesecceeeeeeeeee 21 4 23 4 Bhi Doerr ie oa Pence a 12 2 a ac aa es UOTE En bli g tue a e aas 12 2 8 Feval ATR NEN 10 12 General Set p csset 4 1 Guidelines Boer ahancing SEGUE ens 10 11 Getting Started I Introduction eene 10 2 H LAN to WAN Rules LLL 13 3 Half Open Sessions sess 12 7 E PE E A E tea 11 2 uid dec NN aaa ca i Log Timer ssseseeeeereee 12 4 HIP uds Mur D aa St aoe L B8 oeni a E 12 3 FIDELE GCRURALDTOSTAR a de 21
230. ote Management and the Firewall When SMT menu 24 11 is configured to allow management from the WAN it overrides the firewall See the Remote Management chapter for details 11 2 Access Methods The web configurator is by far the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyWALL has to offer For this reason it is recommended that you configure your firewall using the web configurator see the following chapters for instructions SMT screens allow you to activate the firewall and view firewall logs CLI commands provide limited configuration options and are only recommended for advanced users please refer to the appendix of firewall CLI commands 11 3 Using ZyWALL SMT Menus From the main menu enter 21 to go to Menu 21 Filter Set and Firewall Configuration to display the screen shown next Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Figure 11 1 Menu 21 Filter and Firewall Setup 11 3 1 Activating the Firewall Enter option 2 in this menu to bring up the following screen Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select Yes in the Active field to activate the firewall The firewall must be active to protect against Denial of Service DoS attacks Additional rules may be configured using the web configurator Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall 11 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21 2 Firewall Setup The firewall protects against Denial of Service DOS attacks when it is active The default Policy sets 1
231. ote node in menu 11 1 Step 1 Enter 11 from the main menu Move the cursor to the Edit IP field press SPACE BAR to select Yes and then press ENTER to bring up Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu 11 3 Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A owe A wary P aar Metric N A Private N A RIP Direction None Version N A Multicast None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Press Space Bar to Toggle Figure 9 4 Menu 11 3 Applying NAT to the Remote Node The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation Table 9 3 Applying NAT in Menus 4 amp 11 3 FIELD OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Network Full When you select this option the SMT will use Address Mapping Set 1 Address Feature menu 15 1 see section 9 3 1 for further discussion You can configure Translation any of the mapping types described in Table 9 2 Choose Full Feature if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyWALL None NAT is disabled when you select this option SUA Only When you select this option the SMT will use Address Mapping Set 255 menu 15 1 see section 9 3 1 Choose SUA Only if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyWALL NAT 9 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 9 3 NAT Setup Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign gl
232. ountries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daylight time in the evenings If you use daylight savings time then choose Yes Enter the month and day that your daylight savings time starts on if you selected Yes in the Daylight Saving field Enter the month and day that your daylight savings time ends on if you selected Yes in the Daylight Saving field Once you have filled in this menu press ENTER at the message Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel to save your configuration or press ESC to cancel 22 3 1 Resetting the Time The ZyWALL resets the time in three instances i On leaving menu 24 10 after making changes 22 6 System Maintenance amp Information ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway ii When the ZyWALL starts up if there is a time server configured in menu 24 10 iii 24 hour intervals after starting System Maintenance amp Information 22 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 23 Remote Management This chapter covers remote management found in SMT menu 24 11 23 1 Telnet The only way to configure the ZyWALL for remote management is through an SMT session using the console port Once your ZyWALL is configured you can use telnet to configure it remotely as shown next ZyWALL Modem User telnets into the LAN via the ZyWALL Figure 23 1 Telnet Configuration on a TCP IP Network 23 2 FTP You can upload and down
233. packet masquerading as a response to a nonexistent outbound request can be blocked The firewall uses session filtering 1 e smart rules that enhance the filtering process and control the network session rather than control individual packets in a session The firewall provides e mail service to notify you of routine reports and when alerts occur When To Use The Firewall l 2 To prevent DoS attacks and prevent hackers cracking your network A range of source and destination IP addresses as well as port numbers can be specified within one firewall rule making the firewall a better choice when complex rules are required Firewalls 10 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 To selectively block allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host networks and outside host networks Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address 4 The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules 5 Use the firewall if you need routine e mail reports about your system or need to be alerted when attacks occur 6 The firewall can block specific URL traffic that might occur in the future The URL can be saved in an Access Control List ACL database 10 14 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 11 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall This chapter shows you how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall 11 1 Rem
234. quests from remote client computers on the network For example a Web server typically listens on port 80 Please note that while a computer may be intended Firewalls 10 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway for use over a single port such as Web on port 80 other ports are also active If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port Some of the most common IP ports are Table 10 1 Common IP Ports 21 FTP 53 DNS 23 Telnet 80 HTTP 25 SMTP 110 POP3 10 4 2 Types of DoS Attacks There are four types of DoS attacks 1 Those that exploit bugs in a TCP IP implementation 2 Those that exploit weaknesses in the TCP IP specification 3 Brute force attacks that flood a network with useless data 4 IP Spoofing 1 Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks exploit bugs in the TCP IP implementations of various computer and host systems l a Ping of Death uses a ping utility to create an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65 536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification The oversize packet is then sent to an unsuspecting system Systems may crash hang or reboot 1 b Teardrop attack exploits weaknesses in the reassembly of IP packet fragments As data is transmitted through a network IP packets are often broken up into smaller chunks Each fragment looks like the original IP packet except that it contains an off
235. r 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half duplex or full duplex mode depending on your Ethernet network IPSec VPN Capability Establish a Virtual Private Network VPN to connect with business partners and branch offices using data encryption and the Internet to provide secure communications without the expense of leased site to site lines The VPN is based on the IPSec standard and is fully interoperable with other IPSec based VPN products The ZyWALL 10 supports up to 10 runtime SAs Security Associations and the ZyWALL 50 supports up to 50 runtime SAs Firewall The ZyWALL is a stateful inspection firewall with DoS Denial of Service protection By default when the firewall is activated all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN The ZyWALL firewall supports TCP UDP inspection DoS detection and prevention real time alerts reports and logs Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 1 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway You can configure most features of the ZyWALL via SMT but we recommend you configure the firewall and Content Filters using the ZyWALL web configurator Content Filtering The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls Java applets and cookies as well as disable web proxies The ZyWALL can also block specific URLs by using the keyword feature Packet Filtering The Packet Filtering mechanism blocks unwanted traffic from entering leaving your network Call
236. rd the packet when it matches this Move this service to you have finished rule remember the default is to block all this box by editing screens packets from the Internet log packets selecting it from the that match this rule and to send alerts Available Services when this happens list box and clicking gt gt Figure 16 3 Example 1 Configuring a Rule 16 4 Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4 Click DestAdd in the previous screen to configure the destination address as the IP of your server on the LAN Internet to Local Network CONFIGURATION 10 100 1 2 is the IP of our server on INTERNET CUSTOM PORTS the LAN supporting FTP HTTP Telnet and mail services to which we wish to forward traffic originating from the Internet Click Apply to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL Status Ready Figure 16 4 Example 1 Destination Address for Traffic Originating from the Internet Example Firewall Rules 16 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 5 When you have finished configuring your rules the Rule Summary screen should look like this Click Apply in this screen to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL ZyXEL TIG WAN TO LAN POLICY Block packets that don t match the rules specified below ACL Dorauser Internet to Local Network AIN MENU IREWALL CONFIGURATION LOCAL NETWORK INTERNET CUSTOM
237. re implementing subnetting use the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL RIP Direction Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP direction Options are Both Both In Only Out Only or None default Version Press SPACE BAR to select the RIP version Options are RIP 1 RIP 1 RIP 2B or RIP 2M default Multicast IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol is a session layer protocol None used to establish membership in a Multicast group The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 IGMP v1 and version 2 IGMP v2 Press SPACE BAR to enable IP Multicasting or select None default to disable it Edit IP Alias The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single Yes physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network Press SPACE BAR to select Yes then press ENTER to display menu 3 2 1 When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 5 4 1 IP Alias Setup Use menu 3 2 to configure the first network Move the cursor to the Edit IP Alias field press SPACE BAR to choose Yes and press ENTER to configure the second and third network Pressing ENTER opens Menu 3 2 1 IP Alias Setup as shown next LAN Setup 5 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3 2 1 IP Alias Setup IP Alias 1 No P Address N A P Subnet Mask N A RIP Direction N
238. ress ENTER to edit the VPN using the menu shown next Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup Index 1 Name Taiwan Active Yes My IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Secure Gateway Addr zw50test zyxel com tw Protocol 0 Local Addr Type SINGLE IP Addr Start 1 1 1 1 End N A Port Start 0 End N A Addr Type SUBNET IP Addr Start 4 4 4 4 End 255 255 0 0 Port Start 0 End N A Enable Replay Detection No ey Management IKE Edit Key Management Setup No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 26 7 Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup You must also configure menu 27 1 1 1 or menu 27 1 1 2 to fully configure and use a VPN Table 26 4 Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Index This is the VPN rule index number you selected in the previous menu 1 Name Enter a unique identification name for this VPN rule The name may be up Taiwan to 32 characters long but only 10 characters will be displayed in Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary Active Press SPACE BAR to choose either Yes or No Choose Yes and press Yes ENTER to activate the VPN tunnel This field determines whether a VPN rule is applied before a packet leaves the firewall VPN IPSec Setup 26 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 4 Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE My IP Addr Enter the WAN IP address of your ZyWALL The ZyWALL uses its current WAN IP address static or dynamic in settin
239. rk Address Translation When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel 6 1 2 PPTP Encapsulation Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server creating a Virtual Private Network VPN using TCP IP based networks PPTP supports on demand multi protocol and virtual private networking over public networks such as the Internet 6 2 Internet Access ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10 50 supports one PPTP server connection at any given time 6 1 3 Configuring the PPTP Client To configure a PPTP client you must configure the My Login and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection After configuring My Login and Password for PPP connection press SPACE BAR in the Encapsulation field in Menu 4 Internet Access Setup to choose PPTP as your encapsulation option This brings up the following screen Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation PPTP Service Type N A My Login My Password Idle Timeout 100 IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A IP Subnet Mask N A Gateway IP Address N A Network Address Translation SUA Only Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 6 2 Internet Acc
240. rmware and Configuration Maintenance This chapter tells you how to back up and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and a new configuration file 21 1 Filename Conventions The configuration file often called the romfile or rom 0 contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password DHCP Setup TCP IP Setup etc It arrives from ZyXEL with a rom filename extension Once you have customized the ZyWALL s settings they can be saved back to your computer under a filename of your choosing ZyNOS ZyXEL Network Operating System sometimes referred to as the ras file is the system firmware and has a bin filename extension With many FTP and TFTP clients the filenames are similar to those seen next ftp gt put firmware bin ras This is a sample FTP session showing the transfer of the computer file firmware bin to the ZyWALL ftp get rom 0 config cfg This is a sample FTP session saving the current configuration to the computer file config cfg If your t ftp client does not allow you to have a destination filename different than the source you will need to rename them as the ZyWALL only recognizes rom 0 and ras Be sure you keep unaltered copies of both files for later use The following table is a summary Please note that the internal filename refers to the filename on the ZyWALL and the external filename refers to the filename not on the ZyWALL that is o
241. rs to the location of a host while global local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet Thus an inside local address ILA is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network while an inside global address IGA is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side The following table summarizes this information Table 9 1 NAT Definitions TERM DESCRIPTION Inside This refers to the host on the LAN Outside This refers to the host on the WAN Local This refers to the packet address source or destination as the packet travels on the LAN NAT 9 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Global This refers to the packet address source or destination as the packet travels on the WAN NAT never changes the IP address either local or global of an outside host 9 1 2 What NAT Does In the simplest form NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber the inside local address to another the inside global address before forwarding the packet to the WAN side When the response comes back NAT translates the destination address the inside global address back the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host Note that the IP address either local or global of an outside host is never changed The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or
242. rsion V3 50 WA 3 b8 05 24 2002 LAN Ethernet Address 00 a0 c5 24 44 DA IP Address 192 168 1 1 IP Mask 255 255 255 0 DHCP Server Press ESC or RETURN to Exit Figure 20 4 Menu 24 2 1 System Maintenance Information Table 20 2 Fields in System Maintenance Information FIELD DESCRIPTION Name This is the ZyWALL s system name domain name assigned in menu 1 Name xxx baboo mickey com Routing Refers to the routing protocol used ZyNOS F W Version Refers to the version of ZyXEL s Network Operating System software Ethernet Address Refers to the Ethernet MAC Media Access Control address of your ZyWALL 20 4 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20 2 Fields in System Maintenance Information FIELD DESCRIPTION IP Address This is the IP address of the ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation IP Mask This shows the IP mask of the ZyWALL DHCP This field shows the DHCP setting of the ZyWALL When finished viewing press ESC or ENTER to exit 20 2 2 Console Port Speed You can change the speed of the console port through Menu 24 2 2 Console Port Speed Your ZyWALL supports 9600 default 19200 38400 57600 and 115200 bps for the console port Use SPACE BAR to select the desired speed in menu 24 2 2 as shown below Menu 24 2 2 System Maintenance Change Console Port Speed Console Port Speed 1
243. rule 4 rules 5 to 7 will be pushed up by 1 rule so as old rule 5 becomes rule 4 old rule 6 becomes rule 5 and old rule 7 becomes rule 6 Table 9 5 Fields in Menu 15 1 1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Set Name Enter a name for this set of rules This is a required field If this NAT SET field is left blank the entire set will be deleted NAT 9 11 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9 5 Fields in Menu 15 1 1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Action The default is None Edit means you want to edit a selected rule Edit see following field Insert Before means to insert a rule before the rule selected The rules after the selected rule will then be moved down by one rule Delete means to delete the selected rule and then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule None disables the Select Rule item Select Rule When you choose Edit Insert Before or Delete in the previous 1 field the cursor jumps to this field to allow you to select the rule to apply the action in question You must press ENTER at the bottom of the screen to save the whole set You must do this again if you make any changes to the set including deleting a rule No changes to the set take place until this action is taken Selecting Edit in the Action field and then selecting a rule brings up the following menu Menu 15 1 1 1 Address Mapping Rule in which you can edit an individual rule and
244. rules in the ACL default set The following fields summarize the rules you have created Note that these fields are read only Click the tab at the top of the box to order the rules according to that tab No This is your firewall rule number The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn The Move field below allows you to reorder your rules Status This field shows whether an individual rule has already Empty been Configured or is still Empty Configured Source IP This is the source address of the packet Destination IP This is the destination address of the packet Service This is the service to which the rule applies See Table 13 2 for more information Action This is the specified action for that rule Note that Block Block means the firewall silently discards the packet Forward Log This field shows you if a log is created for packets that Match match the rule don t match the rule both or no log is Not Match created nme Both None Alert Scroll right to see the Alert field This field shows you if an Yes alert is generated when this rule is matched No Move Rule You may reorder your rules using this function Select by clicking on the rule you want to move The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn To Rule Number Select the number you want to move the rule to Move Click Move to move the rule Click Apply
245. rver NAT 9 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 9 2 Using NAT You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up SUA NAT to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyWALL 9 2 1 SUA Single User Account Versus NAT SUA Single User Account is a ZyNOS implementation of a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping Many to One and Server See section 9 3 for a detailed description of the NAT set for SUA The ZyWALL also supports Full Feature NAT to map multiple global IP addresses to multiple private LAN IP addresses of clients or servers using mapping types as outlined in Table 9 2 1 Choose SUA Only if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyWALL 2 Choose Full Feature if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyWALL 9 2 2 Applying NAT You apply NAT via menus 4 or 11 3 as displayed next The next figure shows you how to apply NAT for Internet access in menu 4 Enter 4 from the main menu to go to Menu 4 Internet Access Setup Menu 4 Internet Access Setup ISP s Name ChangeMe Encapsulation Ethernet Service Type Standard My Login N A My Password N A Login Server IP N A IP Address Assignment Dynamic IP Address N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 3 Menu 4 Applying NAT for Internet Access 9 6 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The following figure shows how you apply NAT to the rem
246. s The following figure illustrates this Game Player 1 192 168 1 10 Mapping Rules 1 Game Players 1to 3 lt gt IGAs 1 to 3 Type Many One to One Game Player 2 492 168 1 11 ZyWALL 31GAs 10 132 50 1 2 IGA 1 10 132 50 2 2 IGA2 10 132 50 3 2 IGA 3 Game Player 3 192 168 1 12 Figure 9 21 NAT Example 4 Other applications such as some gaming programs are NAT unfriendly because they embed addressing information in the data stream These applications won t work through NAT even when using One to One and Many One to One mapping types Follow the steps outlined in example 3 above to configure these two menus as follows NAT 9 23 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15 1 1 1 Address Mapping Rule Type Many One to One Local IP Start 192 168 1 10 End 192 168 1 12 Global IP Start 10 132 50 1 End 10 132 50 3 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 22 Example 4 Menu 15 1 1 1 Address Mapping Rule After you ve configured your rule you should be able to check the settings in menu 15 1 1 as shown next Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules Set Name Example4 Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP 192 168 1 10 192 168 1 12 10 132 50 1 Action Edit Select Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 23 Example 4 Menu 15 1 1 Address Mapping Rules 9 24 NAT Firewall and Content Filters P
247. s displayed Packet This field lists packet information such as From and To IP addresses Information DESEE ee car re ee ee tl protocol and port numbers Reason This field states the reason for the log i e was not match the rule matched not matched or was there an lt 1 01 gt dest IP attack The set and rule coordinates lt X Y gt where X 1 2 Y 00 10 follow with a simple This means this packet explanation There are two policy sets set 1 X does not match the 1 is for LAN to WAN rules and set 2 X 2 for destination IP address in WAN to LAN rules Y represents the rule in the set 1 rule 1 Other reasons set You can configure up to 10 rules in any set Y instead of dest IP are src 01 to 10 Rule number 00 is the default rule IP dest port src port and protocol This is a log for a DoS attack attack land ip spoofing icmp echo icmp vulnerability NetBIOS smtp illegal command traceroute teardrop or syn flood Chapter 10 has more detailed discussion of what these attacks mean Action This field displays whether the packet was Block Forward blocked i e silently discarded forwarded or neither Block Forward or None None means that no action is dictated by this rule or None Click Previous Page or Next Page to view other pages in your log Click Refresh to renew the log screen or Clear to clear all the logs Click Help for online HTML help on fields in this screen When you have fini
248. s x run program at addr x or boot router boot router run Hardware Test Program RAM test level w from address x to y z iterations dump manufacturer related data in ROM download from address x for length y to PC via XMODEM download router configuration to PC via XMODEM upload router firmware to flash ROM upload router configuration file to flash ROM xmodem select x 0 CRC mode default x 1 checksum mode system reboot Diagram 8 Boot Module Commands N Boot Commands ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix G Command Interpreter The following describes how to use the command interpreter Enter 24 in the main menu to bring up the system maintenance menu Enter 8 to go to Menu 24 8 Command Interpreter Mode See the included disk or zyxel com for more detailed information on these commands Use of undocumented commands or misconfiguration can damage the unit and possibly render it unusable Command Syntax The command keywords are in courier new font Enter the command keywords exactly as shown do not abbreviate The required fields in a command are enclosed in angle brackets lt gt The optional fields in a command are enclosed in square brackets The symbol means or For example sys filter netbios config type lt on off gt means that you must specify the type of netbios filter and whether to turn it on or off Command Usage A list of valid commands can be found
249. secure gateway In this case you must configure the SAs to have the same Negotiation Mode and Pre Shared Key Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup Table 26 2 Telecommuter and Headquarters Configuration Example TELECOMMUTER HEADQUARTERS My IP 0 0 0 0 dynamic IP address Public static IP address address assigned by the ISP Secure Public static IP address or 0 0 0 0 PA IP jf domain name With this IP address only the i telecommuter can initiate the IPSec tunnel 26 4 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway ZyWALL VPN Tunnel Telecommuter My IP Address Public dynamic IP address 0 0 0 0 Corporate Secure Gateway IPAddress H eadqua rters Public static IP address Figure 26 4 Telecommuter s ZyWALL Configuration ZyWALL ZyWALL VPN Tunnel Telecommuter MyIP Address Public static IP address Secure Gateway IP Address Public dynamic IP address 0 0 0 0 Corporate Headquarters Figure 26 5 Headquarters ZyWALL Configuration The Secure Gateway IP Address may be configured as 0 0 0 0 only when using IKE key management and not Manual key management A ZyWALL with Secure Gateway Address set to 0 0 0 0 can receive multiple VPN connection requests using the same VPN rule at the same time VPN IPSec Setup 26 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Name Key Mgt Taiwan IKE zwb50 IKE China IKE Menu 27 1 IPSec
250. set field that says for instance This fragment is carrying bytes 200 through 400 of the original non fragmented IP packet The Teardrop program creates a series of IP fragments with overlapping offset fields When these fragments are reassembled at the destination some systems will crash hang or reboot 2 Weaknesses in the TCP IP specification leave it open to SYN Flood and LAND attacks These attacks are executed during the handshake that initiates a communication session between two applications 10 4 Firewalls ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Client Server PONa ACK Ls Figure 10 2 Three Way Handshake Under normal circumstances the application that initiates a session sends a SYN synchronize packet to the receiving server The receiver sends back an ACK acknowledgment packet and its own SYN and then the initiator responds with an ACK acknowledgment After this handshake a connection is established 2 a SYN Attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN ACK response While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN ACK it queues up all outstanding SYN ACK responses on what is known as a backlog queue SYN ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer which is set at relatively long intervals terminates the three way handshake Once the queue is full t
251. shed viewing this screen click another link to exit 15 2 Logs ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 16 Example Firewall Rules This chapter gives examples for configuring various rules for WAN to LAN and LAN to WAN 16 1 Examples Whenever you open a hole in the firewall to forward a service from the Internet to the local network and NAT is also enabled you may have to also configure a server behind NAT using SMT menu 15 2 Please see the NAT chapter 16 1 1 Example 1 Firewall Rule To Allow Web Service From The Internet Let s say you have one server on the local network with an IP of 10 100 1 2 supporting FTP HTTP Telnet and mail services The only traffic allowed from the Internet is web service You want to be able to forward all traffic initiated from the local network You want to know who accesses your server and send e mail alerts when this happens Assume for example your mail account is user zyxel com Another network administrator has an e mail address of user2 zyxel com Here are the steps you would follow Example Firewall Rules ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1 Activate the firewall You may activate the firewall through the web configurator as shown next click Configuration the Config tab then click the Firewall Enabled check box or through SMT menu 21 2 You can only configure the firewall using the web configurator or CI commands see Appendices When the fir
252. sing TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol over LAN Although TFTP should work over WAN as well it is not recommended To use TFTP your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients To transfer the firmware and the configuration file follow the procedure shown next Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Use telnet from your computer to connect to the ZyWALL and log in Because TFTP does not have any security checks the ZyWALL records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address Put the SMT in command interpreter CI mode by entering 8 in Menu 24 System Maintenance Enter the command sys stdio 0 to disable the console timeout so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted Enter command sys stdio 5 to restore the five minute console timeout default when the file transfer is complete Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 13 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the ZyWALL Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer Step 5 Use the TFTP client see the example below to transfer files between the ZyWALL and the computer The file name for the firmware is ras Note that the telnet connection must be active and the ZyWALL in CI mode before and during the TFTP transfer For details on TFTP commands see following example please consult the documentation of your TFTP client progr
253. so perform backup and restore using menu 24 through the console port Any serial communications program should work fine however you must use Xmodem protocol to perform the download upload and you don t have to rename the files see section 21 1 Please note that terms download and upload are relative to the computer Download means to transfer from the ZyWALL to the computer while upload means from your computer to the ZyWALL 21 2 1 Backup Configuration Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen 21 2 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24 5 System Maintenance Backup Configuration To transfer the configuration file to your workstation follow the procedure below 1 Launch the FTP client on your workstation 2 Type open and the IP address of your router Then type root and SMT password as requested 3 Locate the rom 0 file 4 Type get rom 0 to back up the current System configuration to your workstation For details on FTP commands please consult the documentation of your FTP client program For details on backup using TFTP note that you must remain in this menu to back up using TFTP please see your System manual Press ENTER to Exit Figure 21 1 Telnet into Menu 24 5 21 2 2 Using the FTP Command from the Command Line Step 1 Launch the FTP client on your computer Step 2 Enter open followed by a
254. source other than dyndns org At the time of writing dyndns org provides the basic DynamicDNS and StaticDNS services along with a limited number of hostnames for free but charges a fee for CustomDNS See www dyndns org for details DynamicDNS default Host Enter the domain name assigned to your ZyWALL by your Dynamic DNS provider me dyndns org EMAIL Enter your e mail address mail mailserver USER Enter your user name Password Enter the password assigned to you Enable Wildcard Your ZyWALL supports DYNDNS Wildcard Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select Yes or No This field is N A when you choose DDNS client as your service provider No Offline This field is only available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field Press SPACE BAR and then ENTER to select Yes When Yes is selected traffic is redirected to a URL that you have previously specified see www dyndns org for details Yes When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel The IP address will be updated when you reconfigure menu 1 or perform DHCP client renewal General and WAN Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway If you have a private WAN IP address then you cannot use Dynamic DNS 4 4 WAN Setup This section describes how to configure the WAN usi
255. t Care must be taken to allow sufficient air circulation or space between units when the ZyWALL is installed inside a closed rack assembly The operating ambient temperature of the rack environment might be greater than room temperature Installation in a rack without sufficient airflow can be unsafe Racks should safely support the combined weight of all equipment The connections and equipment that supply power to the ZyWALL should be capable of operating safely with the maximum power requirements of the ZyWALL In case of a power overload the supply circuits and supply wiring should not become hazardous The input rating of the ZyWALL is printed on the nameplate The AC adapter must plug in to the right supply voltage i e 120VAC adapter for North America and 230VAC adapter for Europe Make sure that the supplied AC voltage is correct and stable If the input AC voltage is over 10 lower than the standard may cause the ZyWALL to malfunction Installation in restricted access areas must comply with Articles 110 16 110 17 and 110 18 of the National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord of the AC adapter and do not locate the product where anyone can walk on the power cord Do not service the product by yourself Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel Generally when installed after the final con
256. t Limitations Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when 1 A filter in menu 3 1 LAN or in menu 11 5 WAN is applied to block a Telnet FTP or Web service 2 You have disabled that service in menu 24 11 3 The IP address in the Secured Client IP field menu 24 11 does not match the client IP address If it does not match the ZyWALL will disconnect the session immediately 4 There is an SMT console session running 5 There is already another remote management session of the same type web FTP or Telnet running You may only have one remote management session of the same type running at one time 6 There is a web remote management session running with a Telnet session A Telnet session will be disconnected if you begin a web session it will not begin if there already is a web session 23 5 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled gt Use the ZyWALL s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN 23 4 Remote Management ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway gt Use the ZyWALL s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN 23 6 System Timeout There is a system timeout of five minutes three hundred seconds for either the console port or telnet web FTP connections Your ZyWALL will automatically log you out if you do nothing in this timeout period except when it is continuously updating the status in menu 24 1 or when sys stdio has been changed on the command line Remote Mana
257. t defined access rules They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol They also inspect the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency however they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support See section 10 5 for more information on Stateful Inspection Firewalls of one type or another have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises 10 3 Introduction to ZyXEL s Firewall The ZyWALL firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated in SMT menu 21 2 or in the web configurator The ZyWALL s purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network LAN to be securely connected to the Internet The ZyWALL can be used to prevent theft destruction and modification of data as well as log events which may be important to the security of your network The ZyWALL also has packet filtering capabilities The ZyWALL is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN The ZyWALL has one Ethernet WAN port and one Ethernet LAN port which are used to physically separate the network into two areas Q The WAN Wide Area Network port attaches to the broadband m
258. t if the negotiated protocol is different from that in the user profile even when the negotiated protocol is stronger than specified If you encounter the case where the peer disconnects right after a successful authentication please make sure that you specify the correct authentication protocol when connecting to such an implementation Nailed Up Connection A nailed up connection is a dial up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic demand The ZyWALL does two things when you specify a nailed up connection The first is that idle timeout is disabled The second is that the ZyWALL will try to bring up the connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down A nailed up connection can be very expensive for obvious reasons Do not specify a nailed up connection unless your telephone company offers flat rate service or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern The following table describes the fields not already described in Table 7 1 7 4 Remote Node Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7 2 Fields in Menu 11 1 PPPoE Encapsulation Specific FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls Options for this field are CHAP PAP Your ZyWALL will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node CHAP accept CHAP only PAP accept PAP only CHAP PAP Telco Option Allocated
259. tBIOS filter Menu 3 1 LAN Port Filter Setup Apply your LAN traffic Input Filter Sets protocol filters device filters Output Filter Sets protocol filters device filters A filters here Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 18 14 Filtering LAN Traffic 18 6 2 Remote Node Filters Go to menu 11 5 shown below note that call filter sets are only present for PPPoE encapsulation and enter the number s of the filter set s as appropriate You can cascade up to four filter sets by entering their 18 18 Filter Configuration ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway numbers separated by commas See the appendix on filter commands for information on the factory default NetBIOS filter Menu 11 5 Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Output Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Call Filter Sets protocol filters 1 device filters Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC Figure 18 15 Filtering Remote Node Traffic to CANCEL Apply your remote node filters in protocol filters under Input Filter Sets and Output Filter Sets when using Ethernet encapsulation and under Call Filter Sets when using PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation Filter Configuration 18 19 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 19 SNMP Configuration This chapter discusses SNMP for network management and monitoring 19 1 About SNMP
260. te Setting Remote Management Setup Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 22 1 Command Mode in Menu 24 System Maintenance amp Information 22 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright c 1994 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp ras gt Valid commands are sys exit device ether poe pptp config ip ipsec ppp hdap ras gt Figure 22 2 Valid Commands 22 2 Call Control Support The ZyWALL provides two call control functions budget management and call history Please note that this menu is only applicable when Encapsulation is set to PPPoE or PPTP in menu 4 or menu 11 1 The budget management function allows you to set a limit on the total outgoing call time of the ZyWALL within certain times When the total outgoing call time exceeds the limit the current call will be dropped and any future outgoing calls will be blocked Call history chronicles preceding incoming and outgoing calls To access the call control menu select option 9 in menu 24 to go to Menu 24 9 System Maintenance Call Control as shown in the next table Menu 24 9 System Maintenance Call Control 1 Budget Management 2 Call History Enter Menu Selection Number Figure 22 3 Call Control 22 2 System Maintenance amp Information ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 22 2 1 Budget Management Menu 24 9 1 shows the budget management statistics for outgoing calls Enter 1 from Menu 24 9 System Maintena
261. ternet Security Gateway The following table describes the IP Static Route Menu fields Table 8 1 IP Static Route Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Route This is the index number of the static route that you chose in menu 12 Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route This is for identification purposes only Active This field allows you to activate deactivate this static route Destination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination Routing is always based on network number If you need to specify a route to a single host use a subnet mask of 255 255 255 255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask for this destination Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your ZyWALL that will forward the packet to the destination On the LAN the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your ZyWALL over the WAN the gateway must be the IP address of one of the Remote Nodes Metric Metric represents the cost of transmission for routing purposes IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link The number need not be precise but it must be between 1 and 15 In practice 2 or 3 is usually a good number
262. teway Source Address What is the connection s source address is it on the LAN or WAN Is it a single IP a range of IPs or a subnet Destination Address What is the connection s destination address is it on the LAN or WAN Is it a single IP a range of IPs or a subnet 13 3 Connection Direction This section talks about configuring firewall rules for connections going from LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN in your firewall 13 3 1 LAN to WAN Rules The default rule for LAN to WAN traffic is that all users on the LAN are allowed non restricted access to the WAN When you configure Policy gt LAN to WAN gt Rules you in essence want to limit some or all users from accessing certain services on the WAN See the following figure Zy By default all outgoing connections LAN to WAN are allowed unless you create rules blocking certain LAN users Figure 13 1 LAN to WAN Traffic Creating Custom Rules 13 3 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 13 3 2 WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections WAN to LAN If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN you will need to create custom rules to allow it See the following figure By default NO incoming connections WAN to LAN are allowed unless you create rules allowing certain WAN users services access to your LAN Figure 13 2 WAN to LAN Traffic 13 4 Rule Summary The fields in the Ru
263. that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability LAN Setup 5 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 5 3 1 Factory LAN Defaults The LAN parameters of the ZyWALL are preset in the factory with the following values 1 IP address of 192 168 1 1 with subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 24 bits 2 DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192 168 1 33 These parameters should work for the majority of installations If your ISP gives you an explicit DNS server address es skip ahead to section 5 4 to see how to enter the DNS server address es 5 3 2 DHCP Configuration DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132 allows individual clients to obtain TCP IP configuration at start up from a server You can configure the ZyWALL as a DHCP server or disable it When configured as a server the ZyWALL provides the TCP IP configuration for the clients If set to None DHCP service will be disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN or else the workstation must be manually configured IP Pool Setup The ZyWALL is pre configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192 168 1 33 to 192 168 1 64 This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses excluding the ZyWALL itself in the lower range for other server machines e g server for mail FTP Telnet web etc that you may have DNS Server Address Use DNS Domain Name System to map a domain name to
264. the hidden menu Move the cursor ENTER or UP DOWN arrow keys Within a menu press ENTER to move to the next field You can also use the UP DOWN arrow keys to move to the previous and the next field respectively Entering information Type in or press SPACE BAR then press ENTER You need to fill in two types of fields The first requires you to type in the appropriate information The second allows you to cycle through the available choices by pressing SPACE BAR Required fields lt gt All fields with the symbol lt gt must be filled in order to be able to save the new configuration N A fields lt N A gt Some of the fields in the SMT will show a lt N A gt This symbol refers to an option that is Not Applicable Save your ENTER Save your configuration by pressing ENTER at the message configuration Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel Saving the data on the screen will take you in most cases to the previous menu Exit the SMT Type 99 then press Type 99 at the main menu prompt and press ENTER to exit the ENTER SMT interface 3 2 Initial Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 3 2 1 Main Menu After you enter the password the SMT displays the ZyWALL Main Menu as shown next Copyright c 1994 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp ZyWALL 10 50 Main Menu Getting Started Advanced Management General Setup Filter and Firewal
265. thernet frames to the Access Concentrator AC Between the AC and an ISP the AC is acting as a L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LAC L2TP Access Concentrator and tunnels the PPP frames to the ISP The L2TP tunnel is capable of carrying multiple PPP sessions With PPPoE the VC Virtual Circuit is equivalent to the dial up connection and is between the modem and the AC as opposed to all the way to the ISP However the PPP negotiation is between the PC and the ISP ZyWALL as a PPPoE Client When using the ZyWALL as a PPPoE client the PCs on the LAN see only Ethernet and are not aware of PPPoE This alleviates the administrator from having to manage the PPPoE clients on the individual PCs f Access Concentrator Diagram 3 ZyWALL as a PPPoE Client jw PPPoE ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix C PPTP What is PPTP PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol is a Microsoft proprietary protocol RFC 2637 for PPTP is informational only to tunnel PPP frames How can we transport PPP frames from a PC to a broadband modem over Ethernet A solution is to build PPTP into the ANT ADSL Network Termination where PPTP is used only over the short haul between the PC and the modem over Ethernet For the rest of the connection the PPP frames are transported with PPP over AALS RFC 2364 The PPP connection however is still between the PC and the ISP The various connections in this setup are depicted in the fo
266. this is the same static IP address as in the Local Addr Start field When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range this is the end static IP address in a range of computers on the LAN behind your ZyWALL When the Addr Type field in Menu 27 1 1 IPSec Setup is configured to SUBNET this is a subnet mask on the LAN behind your ZyWALL 192 168 1 38 Encap This field displays Tunnel mode or Transport mode See earlier for a discussion of these You need to finish configuring the VPN policy in menu 27 1 1 1 or 27 1 1 2 if is displayed Tunnel IPSec ALgorithm This field displays the security protocols used for an SA ESP provides confidentiality and integrity of data by encrypting the data and encapsulating it into IP packets Encryption methods include 56 bit DES and 168 bit 3DES NULL denotes a tunnel without encryption AH Authentication Header provides strong integrity and authentication by adding authentication information to IP packets This authentication information is calculated using header and payload data in the IP packet This provides an additional level of security AH choices are MD5 default 128 bits and SHA 1 160 bits Both AH and ESP increase the ZyWALL s processing requirements and communications latency delay You need to finish configuring the VPN policy in menu 27 1 1 1 or 27 1 1 2 if is displayed ESP DES MD5 Key Mgt This field displays the SA
267. tial broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes such as a Web or FTP server from your location Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location If you are unsure refer to your ISP The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers Please also refer to the included disk for more examples and details on NAT Table 9 7 Services amp Port Numbers SERVICES PORT NUMBER ECHO 7 FTP File Transfer Protocol 21 Telnet 23 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 25 DNS Domain Name System 53 Finger 79 HTTP Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW Web 80 POP3 Post Office Protocol 110 NNTP Network News Transport Protocol 119 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 161 SNMP trap 162 PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol 1723 9 4 1 Configuring a Server behind NAT Follow these steps to configure a server behind NAT Step 1 Enter 15 in the main menu to go to Menu 15 NAT Setup 9 14 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Enter 2 to go to Menu 15 2 NAT Server Setup Enter a port number in an unused Start Port No field To forward only one port enter it again in the End Port No field To specify a range of ports enter the last port to be for
268. tions by concealing the size of the packet being transmitted 26 2 VPN IPSec Setup ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 1 AH and ESP ESP AH Select DES for minimal security and 3DES for maximum Select MD5 for minimal security and SHA 1 for Select NULL to set up a tunnel without encryption maximum security DES default MD5 default Data Encryption Standard DES is a widely used method MD5 Message Digest 5 produces a 128 bit of data encryption using a private secret key DES digest to authenticate packet data applies a 56 bit key to each 64 bit block of data 3DES SHA1 Triple DES 3DES is a variant of DES which iterates SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm produces a three times with three separate keys 3 x 56 168 bits 160 bit digest to authenticate packet data effectively doubling the strength of DES 26 3 IPSec Summary Type 1 in menu 27 and then press ENTER to display Menu 27 1 IPSec Summary This is a summary read only menu of your IPSec rules tunnels Edit or create an IPSec rule by selecting an index number and then configuring the associated submenus The following figure helps explain the main fields in menu 27 1 Local Remote Network Network Local Remote IP Addresses IP Addresses ZyWALL VPN Tunnel My IP Address Secure Gateway IPAddress Figure 26 3 IPSec Summary Fields Local IP addresses must be static VPN IPSec Setup 26 3 ZyWALL
269. to Yes Menu 21 x x are logged when this field is set to Yes PPP log PPP events are logged when this field is set to Yes Firewall log When set to Yes the ZyWALL sends the firewall log to a syslog server When finished configuring this screen press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel Your ZyWALL sends five types of syslog messages Some examples not all ZyWALL specific of these syslog messages with their message formats are shown next 1 CDR CDR Message Format SdcmdSyslogSend SYSLOG CDR SYSLOG_INFO String String board xx line xx channel xx call xx str board the hardware board ID line the WAN ID in a board Channel channel ID within the WAN call the call reference number which starts from 1 and increments by 1 for each new call str C01 Outgoing Call dev xx ch xx dev device No ch channel No L02 Tunnel Connected L2TP C02 OutCall Connected xxxx means connected speed xxxxx means Remote Call Number L02 Call Terminated C02 Call Terminated Jul 19 11 19 27 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL board 0 line 0 channel 0 call 1 C01 Outgoing Call dev 2 ch 0 40002 Jul 19 11 19 32 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL board 0 line 0 channel 0 call 1 CO2 OutCall Connected 64000 40002 Jul 19 11 20 06 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL board 0 line 0 channel 0 call 1 C02 Call Terminated 2 Packet triggered Packet triggered Message Format sdcmdSyslogSend SYSLOG_PKTTRI SYSLOG_NOTICE String String Packet
270. trigger Protocol xx Data XxxxXxXxXXXxx X Protocol 1 IP 2 IPX 3 IPXHC 4 BPDU 5 ATALK 6 IPNG Data We will send forty eight Hex characters to the server Jul 19 11 28 39 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL Packet Trigger Protocol 1 20 8 System Information amp Diagnosis ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Data 4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6F707 1727374 Jul 19 11 28 56 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL Packet Trigger Protocol 1 Data 4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b 4 Jul 19 11 29 06 192 168 102 2 ZyXEL Packet Trigger Protocol 1 Data 45000028240140001f06ac12c0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b451d1430135004000077600000 3 Filter log Filter log Message Format SdcmdSyslogSend SYSLOG_FILLOG SYSLOG_NOTICE String String IP Src xx xx xx xx Dst2xx xx xx xx prot spo2xxxx dpo xxxx S04 gt R01mD IP is the packet header and S04 gt R01mD means filter set 4 S and rule 1 R match m drop D Src Source Address Dst Destination Address prot Protocol TCP UDP ICMP spo Source port dpo Destination port Mar 03 10 39 43 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL GEN fffffffffffnordff0080 5052 RO1mF Mar 03 10 41 29 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL GEN 00a0c5f502fnord010080 75052 RO1mF Mar 03 10 41 34 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL IP Src 192 168 2 33 Dst 202 132 155 93 ICMP S04 RO1mF Mar 03 11 59 20 202 132 155 97 ZyXEL GEN 00a0c5f502fn
271. tructure are called subsequent packets since they represent data that occurs later in the TCP stream If an initiation packet originates on the WAN this means that someone is trying to make a connection from the Internet into the LAN Except in a few special cases see Upper Layer Protocols shown next these packets are dropped and logged If an initiation packet originates on the LAN this means that someone is trying to make a connection from the LAN to the Internet Assuming that this is an acceptable part of the security policy as is the case with the default policy the connection will be allowed A cache entry is added which includes connection information such as IP addresses TCP ports sequence numbers etc When the ZyWALL receives any subsequent packet from the Internet or from the LAN its connection information is extracted and checked against the cache A packet is only allowed to pass through if it corresponds to a valid connection that is if it is a response to a connection which originated on the LAN 10 5 4 UDP ICMP Security UDP and ICMP do not themselves contain any connection information such as sequence numbers However at the very minimum they contain an IP address pair source and destination UDP also contains port pairs and ICMP has type and code information All of this data can be analyzed in order to build virtual connections in the cache For instance any UDP packet that originates on the LAN will
272. try Canada label identifies certified equipment This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements The Industry Canada label does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to a user s satisfaction Before installing this equipment users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection In some cases the company s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment For their own protection users should ensure that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electri
273. tup 26 15 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26 5 Menu 27 1 1 1 IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encryption ALgorithm When DES is used for data communications both sender and receiver must know the same secret key which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code ZyWALL DES encryption algorithm uses a 56 bit key Triple DES 3DES is a variation on DES that uses a 168 bit key As a result 3DES is more secure than DES It also requires more processing power resulting in slightly increased latency and decreased throughput Press SPACE BAR to choose from 3DES or DES and then press ENTER DES Authentication ALgorithm MD5 Message Digest 5 and SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm are hash algorithms used to authenticate packet data The SHAT algorithm is generally considered stronger than MD5 but is slightly slower Press SPACE BAR to choose from SHA1 or MD5 and then press ENTER SHA1 SA Life Time Seconds Define the length of time before an IKE Security Association automatically renegotiates in this field It may range from 60 to 3 000 000 seconds almost 35 days A short SA Life Time increases security by forcing the two VPN gateways to update the encryption and authentication keys However every time the VPN tunnel renegotiates all users accessing remote resources are temporarily disconnected 28800 default
274. ules may be defined to extend or override the default rules For example a rule may be created which will 1 Block all traffic ofa certain type such as IRC Internet Relay Chat from the LAN to the Internet ii Allow certain types of traffic from the Internet to specific hosts on the LAN ii Allow access to a Web server to everyone but competitors iv Restrict use of certain protocols such as Telnet to authorized users on the LAN These custom rules work by evaluating the network traffic s Source IP address Destination IP address IP protocol type and comparing these to rules set by the administrator Firewalls 10 9 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway The ability to define firewall rules is a very powerful tool Using custom rules it is possible to disable all firewall protection or block all access to the Internet Use extreme caution when creating or deleting firewall rules Test changes after creating them to make sure they work correctly Below is a brief technical description of how these connections are tracked Connections may either be defined by the upper protocols for instance TCP or by the ZyWALL itself as with the virtual connections created for UDP and ICMP 10 5 3 TCP Security The ZyWALL uses state information embedded in TCP packets The first packet of any new connection has its SYN flag set and its ACK flag cleared these are initiation packets All packets that do not have this flag s
275. w Password Retype to confirm Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL Figure 3 7 Menu 23 System Password Step 2 Type in your existing password and press ENTER Step 3 Type in your new system password and press ENTER Initial Setup 3 7 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4 Re type your new system password for confirmation and press ENTER Note that as you type a password the screen displays an X for each character you type 3 4 Resetting the ZyWALL If you forget your password or cannot access the ZyWALL you will need to reload the factory default configuration file Uploading this configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factory default configuration file This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit no parity one stop bit and flow control set to none The password will be reset to 1234 and the LAN IP address to 192 168 1 1also To obtain the default configuration file download it from the ZyXEL FTP site unzip it and save it in a folder Turn the ZyWALL off and then on to begin a session When you turn on the ZyWALL again you will see the initial screen When you see the message Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3 seconds press any key to enter debug mode To upload the configuration file do the following Step 1 Type atlcafterth
276. wall ADSL ZyWALL Modem Figure 1 2 Secure Internet Access via DSL You can also use your xDSL modem in the bridge mode for always on Internet access and high speed data transfer 1 4 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 1 3 2 VPN Application ZyWALL VPN is an ideal cost effective way to connect branch offices and business partners over the Internet without the need and expense for leased lines between sites Hin client VPN client for or secure remote access remote management Private LAN Broadband Broadband modem Remote Remote Private Figure 1 3 VPN Application Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 1 5 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 2 Hardware Installation This chapter explains the LEDs and ports as well as how to connect the hardware and perform the initial setup 2 1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports 2 1 1 Front Panel LEDs The LEDs on the front panel indicate the operational status of the ZyWALL ZyXEL TWW NE NENEENENENSNESNEIY 20A PWR SYS 10M oM 10M om NIERNET SECURITY GABAY Figure 2 1 Front Panel The following table describes LED functions Table 2 1 LED Descriptions LED FUNCTION COLOR STATUS MEANING PWR Power Green On The ZyWALL is turned on Off The ZyWALL is turned off SYS System Off The system is not ready or failed On The system is ready and running Flashing The system is reb
277. warded in the End Port No field Enter the inside IP address of the server in the IP Address field In the following figure you have a computer acting as an FTP Telnet and SMTP server ports 21 23 and 25 at 192 168 1 33 Press ENTER at the Press ENTER to confirm prompt to save your configuration after you define all the servers or press ESC at any time to cancel Menu 15 2 NAT Server Setup Rule Start Port No End Port No IP Address Default Default 21 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T 026 026 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 9 10 Menu 15 2 NAT Server Setup NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Private network IP addresses The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet FTP Telnet SMTP server 192 168 1 1 i IP address o 192 168 1 33 o Computer Q IP Address o 192 168 1 34 fem o c D Computer v IP Address 9 192 168 1 35 IP address assigned s by ISP Computer IP Address 192 168 1 36 Figure 9 11 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example 9 16 NAT ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway 9 5 General NAT Examples 9 5 1 Internet Access Only In the following Internet access example you only need one rule where all your ILAs Inside Local addresses map to one dynamic IGA Inside Global Address assigned by your ISP Inside Local One Dynamic PC 3 O ea Addresses ILA Inside
278. when you turn 22 4 System Maintenance amp Information ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway on your ZyWALL Menu 24 10 allows you to update the time and date settings of your ZyWALL The real time is then displayed in the ZyWALL error logs and firewall logs Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 System Maintenance as shown next Menu 24 System Maintenance System Status System Information and Console Port Speed Log and Trace Diagnostic Backup Configuration Restore Configuration Upload Firmware Command Interpreter Mode Call Control Time and Date Setting Remote Management Setup 1 2 35 4 5 6 as 8 9 1 1 Enter Menu Selection Number 2o Figure 22 6 Menu 24 System Maintenance Then enter 10 to go to Menu 24 10 System Maintenance Time and Date Setting to update the time and date settings of your ZyWALL as shown in the following screen Menu 24 10 System Maintenance Time and Date Setting Use Time Server when Bootup NTP RFC 1305 Time Server IP Address tick stdtime gov tw Current Time 00 00 New Time hh mm ss l1 223 4 Current Date 2000 01 New Date yyyy mm dd 2001 01 Time Zone GMT 0800 Daylight Saving No Start Date mm dd 01 00 End Date mm dd 01 00 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 22 7 Menu 24 10 System Maintenance Time and Date Setting System Maintenance amp Information 22 5 ZyW
279. y Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config display firewall This command shows all of the available firewall sub commands Edit E mail config edit firewall e mail mail This command sets the IP address to which the e server lt ip address of mail server gt mail messages are sent config edit firewall e mail return This command sets the source e mail address of addr e mail address the firewall e mails config edit firewall e mail email This command sets the e mail address to which the to e mail address firewall e mails are sent config edit firewall e mail policy This command sets how frequently the firewall log is full hourly daily weekly sent via e mail config edit firewall e mail day This command sets the day on which the current sunday monday tuesday firewall log is sent through e mail if the ZyWALL is wednesday thursday friday set to send it on a weekly basis saturday config edit firewall e mail hour This command sets the hour when the firewall log is 0 23 sent through e mail if the ZyWALL is set to send it on an hourly daily or weekly basis config edit firewall e mail minute This command sets the minute of the hour for the 0 59 firewall log to be sent via e mail if the ZyWALL is set to send it on a hourly daily or weekly basis Attack config edit firewall attack send This command enables or disables the immediate alert yes no sending of DOS attack notificati
280. y be used including spaces but trailing spaces are truncated N A When you have completed this menu press ENTER at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm to save your configuration or press ESC at any time to cancel VPN IPSec Setup 26 19 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 27 SA Monitor This chapter teaches you how to manage your SAs by using the SA Monitor in SMT menu 27 2 1 1 Introduction A Security Association SA is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel This menu shown next displays active VPN connections When there is outbound traffic but no inbound traffic the SA times out automatically after two minutes A tunnel with no outbound or inbound traffic is idle and does not timeout 27 1 Using SA Monitor 1 Use the Refresh function to display active VPN connections 2 Use the Disconnect function to cut off active connections Type 2 in Menu 27 VPN IPSec Setup and then press ENTER to go to Menu 27 2 SA Monitor Menu 27 2 SA Monitor Encap IPSec ALgorithm Taiwan B S Sek o 3 29 3 25 100 Tunnel ESP DES MD5 Select Command Refresh Select Connection N A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel Figure 27 1 Menu 27 2 SA Monitor SA Monitor 27 1 ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27 1 Menu 27 2 SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This is the security association index num
281. y n Figure 21 3 System Maintenance Backup Configuration 21 6 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ZyWALL 10 50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2 The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started You can enter ctrl x to terminate operation any time Starting XMODEM download Figure 21 4 System Maintenance Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3 Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer then Receive File as shown in the following screen Type a location for storing Receive File the configuration file or click Place received file in the following folder Browse to look for one C Product contig ron Use receiving protocol Choose the Xmodem protocol Then click Receive Figure 21 5 Backup Configuration Example Cancel Receive Step 4 After a successful backup you will see the following screen Press any key to return to the SMT menu Backup Configuration completed OK Hit any key to continue Figure 21 6 Successful Backup Confirmation Screen 21 3 Restore Configuration This section shows you how to restore a previously saved configuration Note that this function erases the current configuration before restoring a previous back up configuration please do not attempt to restore unless you have a backup configuration file stored on disk Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance 21 7 ZyWALL

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