Furuno 851 MARK-2 Radar Detector User Manual
Contents
1. 2 17 Noise rejection 2 15 0 OFF CENTER key 2 1 2 15 Omnipad eet 2 1 Index 1 P P L IR amp Radar menu 2 9 POWER key 2 1 Post Disp Mode 2 17 Pulselength read 2 15 R RANGE 2 1 2 3 RINGS key sse 2 1 2 6 Radar horizon 2 3 1 Radar Wave mesin 3 1 Range Measuring eiai 2 6 512112 41 aiei io tete tes 2 3 Range resolution 3 2 S ST BY TX key 2 3 _ _ __ 2 4 Self test i oett cet faded 4 3 Side lobe 3 3 Sub refraction 22 24420200 3 1 3 1 System configuration V T CC 2 3 2 1 2 3 VI 2 1 2 16 Troubleshooting 4 2 __ 2 6 V mts 2 2 2 7 ettet etes 2 1 2 7 Index 2 WPT UP 2 12 Watchman 2 19 Wide 2 11 Window Display 2 11 2 Zoom2. 2 11 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD LU LV Co 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Tel 81 798 65 2111 Fax 81 798 65 4200 Declaration of Conformity FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD Manufacturer 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Address declare under our sole responsibility that the product LCD radar Model 851 MARK 2 Serial No 4302 0001 Model name serial number is in conformity with the essential requirements as described in the Directive 1999 5 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment R amp TTE Directive and satisfies all the technical regulations applicable to the product within this Directive EN 60945 1997 01 IEC 945 Third edition 1996 11 KSR 142 Annex 1 October 1985 title and or number and date of issue ofthe standard s or other normative document s For assessment see Statement of Opinion N 00214046 AA 00 of 8 August 2000 issued by KTL Certification The Netherlands Testreport FLI 12 00 016 of 9 June 2000 and FLI 12 00 017 of 12 June 2000 prepared by Furuno Labotech International Co Ltd On behalf of Furuno Electric Co Ltd Nishinomiya City Japan Manager August 22 2000 International Rules and Regulations Place and date of issue
3. Wide display The entire picture on the next higher range IDE VRM EBL NM PR CURSOR NMR Figure 2 13 Example of wide display 2 11 2 15 Selecting the Presentation Mode This radar provides four presentation modes head up course up course up or waypoint up selectable on menu north up and true motion requires heading sensor Press the DISP MODE and HM OFF keys together to select a presentation mode Each time the keys are pressed if heading signal is input to the radar the presentation mode changes in the sequence of HU CU or WU NU TM If there is no heading signal input to the radar the presentation mode is always HU Note TM does not function on the 48 nm range CU course up HU NU gt Mecca rm true Selecting course up mode for CU or WPT UP You may select WPT UP instead of CU on the menu CU course up An azimuth stabilized display in which a line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship s intended course namely own ship s previous heading just before this mode has been selected Target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to the intended course which is maintained at the O degree position while the heading line moves in accordance with ship s yawing and course change This mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture during course change
4. 2 12 WPT UP waypoint up An azimuth stabilized display in which the line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates the bearing to the TO waypoint which is selected on the navigational equipment connected to the radar When navigating a route and own ship enters the arrival zone of a waypoint the radar displays the bearing to the next TO waypoint Procedure 1 Press the MENU key to open the menu 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select 2 P L IR NR amp Radar Mode 3 Press the ENT key 4 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Radar Mode 5 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select the option CU or WPT UP as desired 6 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key 2 16 Guard Alarm The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a guard zone When ships islands landmasses etc enter or exit depending on type of guard zone in use the guard zone an audible alarm sounds to call the operator s attention The alarm is very effective as an anticollision aid when using an autopilot or navigating in narrow channels CAUTION The guard alarm is a useful anti collision aid but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations The alarm should never be used as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations Selecting guard zone type
5. look directly into the antenna Use the proper fuse radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar Use of a wrong fuse can result in fire or is in operation permanent equipment damage Turn off the radar power A warning label is attatched to the switch before servicing the display unit Do not remove the label antenna unit Post a warn If the label is missing or damaged ing sign near the switch contact a FURUNO agent or dealer indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna A WARNING A unit is being serviced To avoid electrical shock do not remove cover No user serviceable parts Prevent the potential risk of 1088 someone begin struck by the Name Warning Label 2 rotating antenna and expo Type 03 129 1001 0 sure to RF radiation hazard Code No 100 236 740 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD irrita e E ap iv SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 1 1 What is 1 1 1 2 How Ships Determined Position Before 1 1 1 3 How Radar Determines Range 1 1 1 4 How Radar Determines 1 1 1 5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rotation Speed 1 2 1 6 The Radar Display 1 2 2 OPERATION 2 1 Control Description 2 1 2 2 Display Indications and 6
6. In most cases adjust so clutter has disappeared to leeward but a little is still visible windward If there is no clutter visible on the display turn off the circuit Sea clutter at display center STC adjusted sea clutter suppressed Figure 2 5 Effect of STC How to adjust A C RAIN and FTC suppressing rain clutter The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling However by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter rain snow hail etc in the same manner as normal targets Figure 2 6 shows the appearance of rain clutter on the display Adjusting A C RAIN When rain clutter masks echoes over a wide range raise the A C RAIN slightly to distinguish targets from the clutter Appearance of rain clutter A C RAIN adjusted rain clutter suppressed Figure 2 6 Effect of A C RAIN 2 5 Adjusting FTC To suppress rain clutter from heavy storms or scattered rain clutter adjust the FTC among 0 1 and 2 0 is off The FTC circuit splits up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern making recognition of solid targets easier FTC and selected level appear at the top right hand corner of the display when the circuit is turned on Note In addition to reducing clutter the FTC can be used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navigating in confined waters However with the circuit activated the receiver is less sensi
7. LV I 2I II XI OPERATOR S MANUAL MARINE RADAR MODEL 851 MARK 2 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN PRINTED IN JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC Co LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya Japan Telephone 0798 65 2111 Telefax 0798 65 4200 All rights reserved Printed in Japan PUB No OME 34900 YOSH MODEL 851 MARK 2 Your Local Agent Dealer FIRST EDITION JUN 2000 D JUL 9 2001 00080899500 A SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS A WARNING A WARNING Do not open the equipment Do not disassemble or modify the equipment Hazardous voltage which can cause electrical shock burn or Fire electrical shock or serious injury can serious injury exists inside the result ELECTRICAL equipment Only qualified SHOCK personnel should work inside Turn off the power immediately if water HAZARD the equipment leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire Wear a Safety belt and hard hat when working on the Fire or equipment damage can result if a antenna unit different cable is used Serious injury or death can Keep heater away from equipment result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord which can cause fire or Stay away from transmitting electrical shock antenna The radar antenna emits mi crowave radiation which can be harmful to the human body particularly the Rol Never A CAUTION
8. Note 1 The zoom display does not function on the 0 125 and 0 25 nm ranges Note 2 The wide display does not function on the 48 nm range Selecting the type of window display 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Window Display to Zoom or Wide as appropriate 4 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key Selecting the area for the zoom picture 1 Press the DISP MODE key to select the window display The area selector a solid circle appears 2 Use the omnipad to place the area selector on the area to zoom Note When you place the area selector behind the window display the window display shifts right or left so you may view the circle cursor 3 Press the ENT key to confirm the zoom area in the window display The area selector becomes a dashed circle and the cursor can be moved independently To reselect area to zoom press ENT or DISP MODE and follow steps 2 and 3 gt Area selector 1 4 or 1 3 of range Y s fs Window ep display area VRM EBL CURSOR VRM EBL CURSOR NM ER NM SUR NM OER eNO R 1 Press DISP MODE to select the window display 2 Use the omnipad to select area to zoom and press ENT Figure 2 12 How to select the area to zoom a
9. 5 2 2 2 3 Turning the Radar On and Off 2 2 2 4 qoas 2 3 2 5 Selecting the Range 2 3 2 6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and Display Tone 2 3 2 7 Adjusting Control Panel Illumination os oor iot eed 2 4 2 8 Adjusting GAIN STC A C RAIN RM TT NEN i 2 4 2 9 Tuning the Receiver 2 6 2 10 Measuring the Range 2 6 2 11 Measuring the Bearing 2 7 2 12 Menu Operation 2 8 2 13 Selecting the Display Mode 2 10 2 14 The Window Display 2 11 2 15 Selecting the Presentation MOE 2 12 2 16 Guard Alarm 2 12 2 17 Suppressing Radar Interference 2 14 2 18 Suppressing Noise Interference 2 15 2 19 Selecting Pulselength 2 15 2 20 Off Centering the Display 2 15 2 21 Echo Tfalls anh its 2 16 2 22 Navigation Data Display 2 17 2 23 Echo Stretch magnifying long range echoes 2 18 2 24 Selecting Unit of Measurement for Range 2 19 2 25 Selecting Bearing Reference 2 19 2 26 Watchman teens 2 19 2 27 Erasing the Heading Marker 2 20 2 28 Deselecting Ranges 2 20 2 29 Displaying Navigation Data During Stand by 2 20 2 30 Outputting Cursor Position t
10. path Heading marker True echo Bridge Indirect Figure 3 6 Indirect echoes Blind and shadow sectors Funnels stacks masts or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees a blind sector may be produced Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected See Figure 3 7 Vessel taller than whart Mast etc in path of radar beam Wharf Wharf Blind sector i no echo Size of blind sector depends on target size and range Figure 3 7 Blind and shadow sectors 3 6 SART Note The SART Search and Rescue Transponder information below is excerpted from IMO SN Circ 197 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection A Search and Rescue Transponder SART may be triggered by any X Band 3 cm radar within a range of approximately 8 nm Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band When interrogated it first sweeps rapidly 0 4 us through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep 7 5 us through the band back to the starting frequency This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles At some point in each sweep the SART frequency will match that of the interr
11. which once preset do not require regular adjustment To open or close the menu press the MENU key You can select items and options on the menu with the omnipad Basic menu operation 1 Press the MENU key to open the main menu MAIN MENU 6 Select item by keys and press ENT key 1 Backlight Brilliance 2 P L IR NR amp Radar Mode 3 Nav Data 4 Mode amp Function 5 Tuning MANUAL 6 Self Check 7 Installation Setup 1 Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu Press MENU key to escape Figure 2 10 Main menu 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock 12 o clock to select menu and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock 12 o clock to select a menu item 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select an option 5 Press the ENT key to register selection 6 Press the MENU key to close the menu Menu description Table 2 1 Menu description BACKLIGHT BRILLIANCE MENU 6 Selects control panel backlighting four is maximum backlighting M b im option Selects brilliance for echo trails and 1 Panel 123g markers two is maximum brilliance 2 Echo Trail E 2 Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu lt Press MENU for main menu gt P L IR NR amp Radar Mode 6 Selects pulselength for 1 5 and 3 mile ranges Select it d opt Avie o Selects radar interference rejector level 3 1 Pulselength LONG provides highest de
12. 2 Press the omnipad to bisect the target with the EBL 3 Check the EBL readout at the bottom left hand corner of the display to find the bearing to the target Note The EBL is automatically anchored the omnipad is not operated within about 10 seconds To erase the EBL press and hold down the EBL key for about two seconds 1 5MM 0 5 P ny A Yun 7 SUN T 5 2 2 4 md S AM EBL CURSOR 300 1 R 0 675 300 1 R f EBL bearing f Figure 2 9 Measuring bearing by the EBL 2 7 Tips for measuring the bearing e Bearing measurements of smaller targets are more accurate the center of larger target echoes is not as easily identified Bearings of stationary or slower moving targets are more accurate than bearings of faster moving targets To minimize bearing errors keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by changing the range scale angular difference becomes difficult to resolve as a target approaches the center of the display cosse o o TN Target on Collision course with your vessel You can determine if a target might be on a collision course with your vessel by placing the EBL on the target If it tracks along the EBL as it approaches the screen center it may be on a collision course with your vessel 2 8 2 12 Menu Operation The menu consisting of six sub menus mostly contains less often used functions
13. 6 months Display unit Check for tight connection and to 1 year connectors corrosion If corroded contact your dealer for replacement 4 1 4 2 Replacing the Fuse The fuse in the power cable protects the equipment against reverse polarity of ship s mains overcurrent and equipment fault If the fuse blows find the cause before replacing it Never use an incorrect fuse serious damage to equipment may result and void the warranty 4 3 Troubleshooting Table 4 2 contains simple troubleshooting procedures which you can follow to try to restore normal operation If you cannot restore normal operation do not attempt to check inside any unit of the radar system Any repair work is best left to a qualified technician 24 32 VDC 5 A fuse 12 VDC 10 A fuse Table 4 2 Troubleshooting table If But Then you pressed the POWER key to turn on the radar the control panel does not light e try adjusting the control panel backlighting on the Brilliance Backlighting menu e battery may have discharged e check fuse in power cable nothing appears on the display or display contrast is poor 9 try adjusting the tone Extreme ambient temperature may affect display tone characters are distorted e request service the radar has warmed up and you pressed the ST BYTX key to transmit the antenna does not rotate e the problem may be in antenna unit Reques
14. 60 MHz 5 Tuning Automatic 6 Magnetron MG5248 or E3571 E3571A 7 Receiver Front End MIC Microwave IC 8 Bandwidth 10 MHz 9 Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter 10 Time of Heat up 90 seconds approx SP 1 4 DISPLAY UNIT 1 Picture Tube 8 inch rectangular monochrome LCD 122 4 mm x 163 1 mm 2 Effective Area 481 H x 640 V dots Effective radar display area 481 x 481 dots 3 Range Range Interval Number of Rings Range NM 10125 025 os 0 75 1 5 2 3 4 6 12 16 24 36 as Ring Interval NM 0 0625 0 125 o 1251 0 25 0 25 5005 1 1 2 2 4 6 11212 4 Markers Heading Line Bearing Scale Range Rings Variable Range Marker VRM Electronic Bearing Line EBL Tuning Bar Alarm Zone Waypoint Mark navigation input required North Mark heading sensor input required 5 Alphanumeric Indications Range Range Ring Interval Display Mode HU Interference Rejection IR Variable Range Marker VRM Electronic Bearing Line EBL Stand by ST BY Guard Alarm G IN G OUT Echo Stretch ES Range and Bearing to Cursor Bearing or L L Position Echo Tailing TRAIL Trailing Time Trailing Elapsed Time Watchman WATCHMAN Zoomed Display ZOOM Ship s speed SPD Water temperature Water depth Navigation data required Echo sounder data required 6 Input Data IEC 61162 1 adopted Own ship s position GGA gt RMA gt RMC gt GLL Ship s speed RMA gt RMC gt VTG gt VBW
15. Bearing True HDT gt HDG gt HDM Bearing Magnetic HDM HDG HDT Course True RMA gt RMC gt VTG Course Magnetic VTG gt RMA Waypoint Range Bearing _ RMB gt BWC gt BWR Loran time difference RMA gt GLC gt GTD Water depth DPT gt DBK gt DBS gt DBT Water Temperature MTW 1 calculated by magnetic drift 7 Output Data Alarm signal 12 VDC 100 mA or less Radar signal For radar remote display SP 2 5 POWER SUPPLY 1 Rated Voltage Current 12 24 VDC 5 0 2 5 A 2 Rectifier option 100 110 115 200 220 230 VAC 1 phase 50 60 Hz 6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 1 Ambient Temperature Scanner Unit 25 C to 70 C IEC 60945 Display Unit 15 C to 55 C 2 Relative Humidity 93 96 2 at 40 C 3 Waterproofing Scanner Unit IPX6 IEC 60529 Display Unit IPX5 4 Bearing Vibration 60945 7 COATING COLOR 1 Display Unit Panel N3 0 Chassis 2 5GY5 1 5 2 Scanner Unit N9 5 upper 2 5PB3 5 10 lower 8 COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE 1 Display Unit Standard 0 70 m Steering 0 50 m 2 Scanner Unit Standard 1 00 m Steering 0 75 m SP 3 INDEX A AC RAIN 2 5 B 2 1 2 3 Backlight Brilliance menu 2 9 Backlightings 2 3 Bearing 2 7 Bearing 3 2 Blind and shadow sector
16. alarm mode IN alarm to targets entering the guard zone or OUT alarm to targets exiting the guard zone Selects VRM unit nm km or sm Selects EBL reference relative to the ship s heading or true Selects ranges to use At least two are selected Select range to enable disable and press ENT key Self Check Checks the radar system for proper operation Default settings shown in reverse video 2 9 2 13 Selecting the Display Each time the key is pressed the display Mode mode changes in one of the sequences shown below depending on equipment The display mode may be selected with the connected and menu settings DISP MODE key Four modes are available with navigation input Normal Normal Window Normal Nav Data and Normal Window Nav Data Window Display WIDE ZOOM Nav Display ON OFF Window display Zoom or Wide CURSOR NMR Normal Normal Window Window Display WIDE ZOOM Nav Display OFF Nav data CURSOR NM R Normal Nav Data Normal Window Nav Data Figure 2 11 Display modes 2 10 2 14 The Window Display The window display appears at the bottom left or right 1 4 of the display Two types of window displays are available zoom and wide Zoom doubles the size of the area selected by the operator and wide range up compresses and displays the entire radar picture from the next higher range
17. alarms to alert you to error Table 2 2 Visual alarm indications Error Visual alarm No heading pulse HD SIG MISSING No bearing pulse BRG SIG MISSING XXX Heading signal appears as turned off heading The heading signal visual alarm may be cleared by pressing the DISP MODE key 2 21 3 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY As an aid to navigation radar can be a very valuable tool No other electronic navigation aid can give you the ability to spot vessels coming at you in the fog or tell you the location of the inlet to the harbor in the pitch black of night To help you understand what your radar can and cannot do for you this chapter covers e the characteristics of the radar wave e target properties and radar wave reflection e range and bearing resolution and e false echoes 3 1 The Radar Wave and Radar Horizon How the radar wave travels The radar wave tends to travel in straight lines at the speed of light However it is subject to bending or refraction in the atmosphere the amount depending on region and density Super refraction Super refraction is a condition in which there is an upper layer of warm dry air over a surface layer of cold moist air Radar waves bend downward and thus increase the ranges at which targets may be detected Sub refraction Sub refraction is the reverse condition of super refraction a layer of cold air is above a layer of warm a
18. displayed or NAV navigational data is displayed as desired and press the ENT key 15 Press the MENU key to escape 2 23 Echo Stretch magnifying long range echoes Normally the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar s internal circuitry To stretch long range echoes in the range direction turn on the echo stretch function Distant echo Echo stretch OFF Echo stretch ON Figure 2 21 Echo stretch 2 18 Turning echo stretch on or off 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select P L IR NR amp Radar Mode and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Echo Stretch 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select ON or OFF as appropriate 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key ES appears at the top right side on the display when the echo stretch feature is on Note 1 This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar interference For this reason be sure the controls for adjustment of sea clutter and radar interference are properly adjusted before activating the echo stretch Note 2 Echo stretch is inoperative on ranges from 0 125 to 0 5 nautical miles Note 3 When the echo stretch function is selected the equipment automatically selects interference rejection level 3 and turns on the noise rejector T
19. may be emitted on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar in which case it is superimposed on the ship s radar display automatically The racon signal appears on the as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal see figure below displayed radially from just beyond the beacon Racon Figure 3 9 Appearance of racon signal on the display 3 7 4 MAINTENANCE 8 TROUBLESHOOTING This chapter tells you how to keep your 4 1 Preventative radar in good working order Before reviewing this chapter please read the Maintenance safety information which follows Regular maintenance is important for good performance Always keep the equipment A WARN NG as free as possible from dirt dust and Only qualified personnel should securing the components are properly Do not open the equipment water splashes Make sure all screws work inside the equipment A RF RADIATION HAZARD The radar antenna emits high frequency radio radiation which tightened A maintenance program should be can be harmful particularly to your eyes established and should at least include the Never look directly into the antenna from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is items listed in Table 4 1 in operation as you could injure the cornea of your eyes Always make sure the radar is set to stand by or is turned off before starting wo
20. AL 1 Window Display Zoom Wide 2 Watchman OFF 5 10 20 8 Alarm Mode IN OUT 4 VRM Unit NM KM SM r 5 EBL Ref REL TRUE L 6 Range 1 8 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 6 Self Check Checks equiment for proper operation 7 Installation Setup 1 For installation use Default settings shown in bold italic SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR MODEL 851 MARK 2 1 GENERAL 1 Indication System PPI Daylight display raster scan 4 tones in monochrome 2 Range Pulse Length PL amp Pulse Repetition Rate PRR Range nm Pulse Length us PRR Hz approx 0 125 to 1 5 0 08 2100 1 5103 0 3 1200 3 to 48 0 8 800 3 Range Resolution 32m 4 Bearing Resolution 2 7 5 Minimum Range 27m 6 Bearing Accuracy Within 1 7 Range Ring Accuracy 1 of range or 8 m whichever is the greater 2 SCANNER UNIT 1 Radiator Slotted wave guide array 2 Polarization Horizontal 3 Antenna Rotation Speed 24 rpm nominal 4 Radiator Length 100 cm 5 Horizontal Beamwidth 2 4 nominal 6 Vertical Beamwidth 25 nominal 7 Sidelobe Attenuation less than 24 dB 30 dB outside of main lobe 8 Bearing Wind 51 5 m s 100 knots relative 3 TRANSCEIVER MODULE 1 Frequency and Modulation 9410 MHz 30MHz X band PON 2 Peak Output Power 4 kW nominal 3 Modulator FET Switching Method 4 Intermediate Frequency
21. STC A C RAIN and FTC 1 Press the ECHO key The following display appears Select auto or manual by pressing the omnipad at 6 o clock or 12 o clock and pressing ENT key GAIN III o STC 828 RAIN 00 FTC 02 01 TO EXIT Item selected for adjustment Select auto or manual by pressing the omnipad at 6 o clock or 12 o clock and pressing ENT key Select item option by pressing appropriate omnipad arrow Current level Figure 2 4 Display for adjustment of GAIN STC A C RAIN and FTC 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock 12 o clock to select item to adjust Current selection is circumscribed by dashed rectangle 3 Press the ENT key 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to set level 5 Press the ECHO key to finish How to adjust the GAIN sensitivity The GAIN works in precisely the same manner as the volume control of a broadcast receiver amplifying the signals received You can adjust the GAIN automatically or manually If you select AUTO the GAIN automatically adjusted The range of the GAIN adjustment is from 1 to 3 3 is the highest For manual adjustment adjust the sensitivity on the highest range the background noise is clearer on that range The range of GAIN adjustment is from 01 to 41 The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen If you set up for too little GAIN weak ec
22. The guard alarm can be set to sound on targets entering guard in or exiting guard out the guard zone Select type of guard zone as follows 1 Press the MENU key to display the menu 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Alarm Mode 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select IN or OUT as appropriate 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key Dashed line no alarm zone IN ALARM OUT ALARM Figure 2 14 In and out alarms Setting the guard zone 1 Mentally create the guard zone you want to display See Figure 2 15 1 2 Operate the omnipad to set cursor on top bottom left edge of the guard zone Press the GUARD key G IN or G with asterisk blinking appears at the top right hand corner on the display The asterisk indicates the guard zone is partially set See Figure 2 15 2 3 Operate the omnipad to set cursor on bottom top right edge of the guard zone and press the GUARD key The asterisk disappears See Figure 2 15 3 4 Guard zone appears on the display See Figure 2 15 4 Silencing the audible alarm Any ships landmasses etc coming into or going out of the guard zone will trigger the audible alarm and display the guard zone in reverse video You can silence the alarm by pressing the GUARD key When this is done G ACKN replaces G IN o
23. ay Tips for selecting the range When navigating in or around crowded harbors select a short range to watch for possible collision situations If you select a lower range while on open water increase the range occasionally to watch for vessels that may be heading your way 2 6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and Display Tone The BRILL key adjusts the LCD backlighting in eight levels including off The TONE key adjusts the tone contrast of the display in 32 levels including off Procedure 1 Press the BRILL key or TONE key The display shown in Figure 2 3 appears BRILL UP TONE Item selected DOWN UP for adjustment BRILL DOWN Tone 3 19 LCD brilliance setting MENU TO EXIT setting Figure 2 3 Display for adjustment of brilliance and tone 2 Press the BRILL key or TONE key to set level For fine adjustment press omnipad at 12 o clock 6 o clock for brilliance and 3 o clock 9 o clock for tone 2 3 2 7 Adjusting Control Panel Illumination Procedure 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Backlight Brilliance and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Panel 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select illumination level 4 is the highest 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key 2 8 Adjusting GAIN STC A C RAIN and FTC General procedure The ECHO key enables adjustment of the GAIN
24. be alerted to radar targets in a specific area Ix Stby Tx Stby 1 min 5 or 1 min 5 10 or 20 20 Watchman starts Figure 2 22 How watchman works Turning on watchman 1 Create a guard zone usually 360 degrees with the guard alarm function Press the MENU key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 4 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Watchman 5 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select watchman rest interval amount of time until next rotation of antenna 5 minutes 10 minutes or 20 minutes as desired 6 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key Then WATCHMAN appears and the radar transmits for one minute and then goes into stand by 2 19 Canceling watchman 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Watchman 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select OFF 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key 2 27 Erasing the Heading Marker The heading marker continuously appears on the display and shows your vessel s heading When this mark obscures a target echo you can temporarily erase it by pressing and holding down the HM OFF key Release the key to redisplay the marker 2 28 Deselecting Ranges This radar has 16 ranges some which you may not
25. bearing to a waypoint ship s speed heading and course can be shown in the bottom text area Requires a navigation aid which can output such data in NMEA 0183 format e Zoom feature provided e Omnipad makes the selection of target and menu items easy SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Antenna unit Navigation Device lt gt _ gt Remote Display FMD 81 1 Echo Sounder Mg a Gyro 22 Gyro Converter compass AD 100 Integrated Heading External Alarm Sensor PG 1000 Buzzer OP03 169 Eee Option IIV 3423 Ship s Mains Ship s Mains 12 24 VDC 100 110 115 VAC 200 220 230 VAC 16 50 60 Hz MODEL 851 MARK 2 1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 1 1 What is Radar The term RADAR is an acronym meaning RAdio Detection And Ranging It is a device which measures the time it takes for a pulsed signal to be reflected back from an object 1 2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar The use of echoes to determine position did not begin with radar Ships would sound a short blast on their whistles fire a shot or strike a bell as an aid to navigation when running in fog near a rugged shoreline The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the
26. clock to select STBY Display 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select NAV and press the ENT key 5 Press the MENU key Note 1 The depth display scale changes automatically with depth and the maximum depth is 1 000 meters Note 2 The barometer display is updated hourly thus the data shown may not be the latest ST BY 5 MIN 4 0 _ ________ 1020 Mu E 1010 4 222255555 000 11500 990 J 12 9 6 3 11000 HOUR im BAROMETER DEPTH DATE TIME TEMP CRS n 08 22 15 19 30 0 c 0 0 M DEPTH XTE SPD 827 m 0 6NM R 30 0KT WAYPOINT POSLALE 12 0NM 114 8 R 165 43 96E XTE XTE L 1 0 5 0 MM 0 5 18 Figure 2 23 Navigation data display during stand by 2 30 Outputting Cursor Position to Navigator Cursor position 0183 data sentence TLL can be output to the navigator connected to this radar by pressing and holding down the HM OFF key 2 31 Displaying Cursor Position Range and Bearing to Cursor The cursor data indication at the bottom of the display can show cursor position in latitude and longitude or the range and bearing from own ship to the cursor You can select the indication desired by pressing the HM OFF key Navigation data is required to display latitude longitude position 2 32 Visual Alarm Indications This radar display various visual
27. display as separate targets the echoes received from two targets which are at the same range and are close together The principal factor which affects bearing resolution is horizontal beamwidth Two targets at the same range must be separated by more than one beamwidth to appear as separate pips Radar is able to display two Target distinct target echoes Horizontal beamwidth Direction of scanner rotation Target Horizontal beamwidth Direction of scanner rotation Radar cannot display targets as separate echoes because they are within the beamwidth Figure 3 3 Bearing resolution 3 5 False Echoes Occasionally false echoes appear on the screen at positions where there is no target In some cases the effects can be reduced or eliminated The operator should familiarize himself or herself with the appearance and effects of these false echoes so as not to confuse them with echoes from legitimate contacts Multiple echoes Multiple echoes occur when a short range strong echo is received from a ship bridge or breakwater A second a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown in Figure 3 4 Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the sensitivity or properly adjusting the STC True echo Target Own ship Multiple echo Figure 3 4 Mul
28. et to zero all trails are erased and then trailing is restarted Adjusting brilliance of afterglow The brilliance of the trails afterglow can be set on the Backlight Brilliance menu 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Backlight Brilliance and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Echo Trail 4 Select brilliance level 1 or 2 as desired 2 is the highest level 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key Canceling echo trails Press the TRAIL key to erase the TRAIL indication 2 22 Navigation Data Display Setting up the nav data display Navigation data can be displayed at the 1 Press the MENU key screen bottom if this radar receives 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to appropriate navigation input in NMEA 0183 select Nav Data and press the ENT format Navigation data includes key e Position in latitude and longitude or NAV DATA MENU Loran C time differences TDs Select item and option by keys Bearing and range to a waypoint 1 Navigator GPS LC selected on the navigator 2 Nav Data Disp ON 3 Pos Disp Mode TD Cross track error XTE the amount in 4 Depth Unit FA FT 5 Temp Unit F nautical miles and the direction the 6 STBY Display NAV vessel if off course Depth Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu Press MENU for main menu If the navigation data includes the destination data way
29. gree of rejection 2 ItReject OFF 1 2 Turns noise rejector on off 3 Noise Reject OFF ON Turns echo stretch on off 4 Echo Stretch 8 ON i 5 Radar Mode IV WPT UP eo mode for CU or Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu lt Press MENU for main menu gt Selects navigator among GPS Loran C and DATA MENU all e 9510 available In the ALL setting Select item and option the radar selects a navigator in order of S vic navigator 5 Loran and other A Noy Dota Disp aa LC Turns navigation data display on off 3 Pos Disp Mode mm TD Selects position display format latitude and 4 Depth Unit FA FT longitude or Loran C TDs 5 Temp Unit Selects unit of measurement for depth 6 STBY Display NAV meters feet or fathoms Selects unit of water temperature measurement or F Selects what to display during stand by navigation data requires navigation input and STBY Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu lt Press MENU for main menu gt MODE amp FUNCTION MENU Select item and option by AY keys 1 Window Display Wide 2 Watchman e id 5 10 20 3 Alarm Mode d ME 6 Range 95 RES 1 MI 4 816 36 Press HM OFF to temporarily hide menu Press MENU for main menu Selects window display format zoom or wide Selects watchman interval among 5 min 10 min and 20 min Selects
30. here desired Figure 2 17 Off centering the display 2 15 2 21 Echo Trails You can show the trails of targets in afterglow This function is useful for alerting you to possible collision situations Starting echo trail Press the TRAIL key to start the echo trail function Afterglow starts extending from targets and TRAIL and the echo trail time appear at the top right hand corner of the display Press the key again within 3 seconds to select a different trail time among 15 sec 30 sec 1 min 3 min 6 min 15 min 30 min and continuous In continuous plotting the time elapsed appears at the top right corner on the display Note If the range is changed trails are painted anew with the newly selected range Relative trails True trails Figure 2 18 Appearance of echo trails 2 16 Fixed time trails When the elapsed time clock counts up to the trail time selected the elapsed time display freezes The oldest portions of trails are erased so only the latest trail equal in length to the trail time selected is shown Then trails start extending again For example the one minute trail time is selected When the elapsed time display freezes at 60 seconds all but the latest one minute of trails are erased and then trailing continues Continuous trail The maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59 seconds When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time the elapsed time display is res
31. hese can be turned off via the menu if desired 2 24 Selecting Unit of Measurement for Range The unit of measurement for the VRM and cursor can be nautical miles kilometers or statute miles You may select unit desired as follows 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select VRM Unit 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select NM KM or SM as desired 5 Press ENT followed by MENU key 2 25 Selecting Bearing Reference Bearing can be displayed relative to ship s heading relative bearing or relative to true north true bearing as follows True bearing requires heading sensor input 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select EBL Ref 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select REL ATIVE or TRUE as appropriate 5 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key 2 26 Watchman How watchman works The watchman function periodically transmits the radar for about one minute to check for targets in a guard zone If it finds change in the zone from the previous transmission it sounds the aural alarm cancels the watchman function and transmits the radar continuously This feature is useful when you do not need the radar s function continuously but want to
32. hoes may be missed On the contrary excessive GAIN yields too much background noise strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display How to adjust STC suppressing sea clutter Echoes from waves can be troublesome covering the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter The higher the waves and the higher the antenna above the water the further the clutter will extend Sea clutter appears on the display as many small echoes which might affect radar performance See the left hand figure in Figure 2 5 The STC reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges where clutter is the greatest and progressively increases amplification as the range increases so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter The control is effective up to about 4 miles STC can be adjusted automatically or manually If you select AUTO the STC automatically adjusted The range of STC adjustment is from 1 to 3 3 is the highest For manual adjustment first adjust the gain and then transmit on short range The range of STC adjustment is from 00 to 50 Adjust the STC level such that the clutter is broken up into small dots and small targets become distinguishable If the setting is set too low targets will be hidden in the clutter while if it is set too high both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display
33. ir Radar waves bend upward and thus decrease the ranges at which targets may be detected Radar horizon Radar is essentially a line of sight phenomenon That means you have just about the same range to horizon with a radar as you do with your own eyes However under normal atmospheric conditions the radar horizon is 6 greater than the optical horizon Therefore if the target does not rise above the horizon the radar beam cannot be reflected from the target The distance to the horizon from the antenna under normal conditions is calculated by the following formula Rmax 2 2 x vhi vh2 Where Rmax Radar horizon mile h1 Antenna height meters h2 Target height meters Horizon Wave Figure 3 1 Radar horizon 3 1 3 2 Target Properties and Radar Wave Reflection Generally larger targets can be seen on the radar display at greater ranges provided line of sight exists between the scanner and target However a large target with poor reflecting properties may not be detected as easily as a smaller target with better reflecting properties For example you might expect a lighthouse to be a good radar target because of its size In actuality the return echo is weak since the conical shape diffuses most of the radiated energy A ship whose hull is made of conducting materials such as steel will return a relatively strong echo On the other hand hulls made from wood or fibe
34. n off Turns the range rings on off Off centers the display Sets radar in stand by transmits radar pulse Turns power on off 2 2 Display Indications and Markers Heading requires heading data Echo trail AUTO tuning R Echo trail elapsed time AUTO peo eae poc echo trail time tuning CIN indicator Range Range ring interval mm Presentation mode Off center Pulsewidth Heading marker Guard zone FTC rain clutter suppressor Echo stretch Interference rejector Guard zone I area Range rings Cursor EBL VRM Range and bearing to VRM EBL e noh cursor or cursor position in 0 675MM 232 5 0 681 MM 308 7 latitude and longitude may be displayed by pressing the HM OFF key L VRM EBL Cursor Cursor range bearing range bearing Figure 2 2 Display indications 2 3 Turning the Radar On and Note When the power is reapplied within a Off certain amount of time and circuits remain charged the warmup process Press the POWER key to turn the radar is skipped you can transmit without on or off The control panel lights and a one and a half minutes st by time timer displays the time remaining for warm up of the magnetron the device which VAN WAR N NG produces radar pulses counting down from 1 30 The radar antenna emits high frequency radio radiation which can be harmful particularly to your eyes Never look directly at the ante
35. ne can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for installation operation and maintenance While this unit can be installed by the purchaser any purchaser who has doubts about his or her technical abilities may wish to have the unit installed by a FURUNO representative or other qualified technician The importance of a thorough installation cannot be overemphasized We would appreciate hearing from you the end user about whether we are achieving our purposes Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment Features Your radar has a large variety of functions all contained in a remarkably small cabinet The main features of the MODEL 851 MARK 2 are e Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in a compact lightweight and low cost radar e Smartly styled light weight and compact antenna fits even on small yachts e Durable brushless antenna motor e High definition 8 LCD raster scan display e On screen alphanumeric readout of all operational information e Standard features include EBL Electronic Bearing Line VRM Variable Range Marker Guard Alarm Display Off Center and Echo Trail e Watchman feature periodically transmits the radar to check for radar targets which may be entering or exiting the alarm zone e Ship s position in latitude and longitude or Loran C Time Differences range and
36. nes extending from the center to the edge of the display Figure 2 16 illustrates interference in the form of curved spokes Interference effects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same place on successive rotations of the antenna Figure 2 16 Radar interference Four levels of interference are available including off 3 provides the highest level of rejection Procedure 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select P L IR NR amp Radar Mode and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Int Reject 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select level desired 3 provides the greatest degree of interference rejection 5 Press ENT and MENU keys IR appears at the top right corner on the display when the interference rejection circuit is turned on 2 18 Suppressing Noise Interference Noise interference appears on the screen as many bright dots These dots can be suppressed by turning on the noise rejector Note however that there are some forms of noise interference which this radar cannot suppress Procedure 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select P L IR NR amp Radar Mode and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Noise Reject 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select ON or OFF as appropriate 5 Press the ENT key followed b
37. nna from a distance of less than three feet when the radar is in operation Always make sure no one is near the antenna before turning on the radar Note When the heading signal is lost the HDG readout at the top of the screen shows This warning stays on when the heading signal is restored to warn the operator that the readout may be unreliable After confirming the heading readout if necessary adjust it the warning may be erased by pressing the DISP MODE key 2 4 Transmitting After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up ST BY Stand By appears at the screen center This means the radar is now fully operational In stand by the radar is available for use at anytime but no radar waves are being transmitted Press the ST BY TX key to transmit When transmitting any echoes reflected from targets appear on the display This radar displays echoes in four tones of gray according to echo strength When you won t be using the radar for an extended period but want to keep it in a state of readiness press the ST BY TX key to set the radar in stand by 2 5 Selecting the Range The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval the number of range rings pulselength and pulse repetition rate for optimal detection capability in short to long ranges Procedure Press the RANGE key The range range ring interval appear at the top left corner on the displ
38. ntenna the amount of antenna rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small Targets Own ship radar A Bird s eye view of situation 1 6 The Radar Display Targets are displayed on what is called a Plan Position Indicator This display is essentially a polar diagram with the transmitting ship s position at the center Images of target echoes are received and displayed at their relative bearings and at their distance from the PPI center With a continuous display of the images of targets the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed Heading marker Range and bearing of a target relative to own ship are readable on the Own ship in center B Radar picture of A Figure 1 1 How radar works 2 OPERATION 2 1 Control Description Registers selection MENU on menus HM Adjusts GAIN es STC A C RAIN Sigs and FTC RANGE Adjusts display BRILL tone Turns the EBL on off Plots targets trails TRAIL RINGS Sets guard GUARD CENTER zone area DISP ST BY MODE TX Selects display mode erases heading error indication Figure 2 1 Control panel Omnipad Shifts cursor VRM and EBL selects items and options on menu Opens closes menus Erases heading marker selects cursor data Lat Long R B outputs cursor position Selects radar range Adjusts display brilliance Turns the VRM o
39. o Navigator ress 2 21 2 31 Displaying Cursor Position Range and Bearing to Cursor 2 21 2 32 Visual Alarm Indications 2 21 3 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY 3 1 The Radar Wave and Radar 3 1 3 2 Target Properties and Radar Wave Reflection 3 2 3 3 Range Resolution 3 2 3 4 Bearing Resolution 3 2 3 5 False Echoes 3 3 3 5 3 7 Racon Radar Beacon 3 7 4 MAINTENANCE amp TROUBLESHOOTING 4 1 Preventative Maintenance 4 1 4 2 Replacing the Fuse 4 2 4 3 Troubleshooting 4 2 LANI OD PES 4 3 4 5 Replacing the magnetron 4 3 roi niri reve A 1 SPECIFICATIONS SP 1 Declaration of Conformity FOREWORD Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO Marine Radar MODEL 851 MARK 2 We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment However no machi
40. ogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver If the SART is within range the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0 64 nautical miles will be shown When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps These additional dot responses which also are equally spaced by 0 64 nm will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots Screen A When SART Screen B When SART is distant is close Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs Echo of SART Radar antenna beamwidth Echo of SART Position of SART Own ship s position Own ship s position Position of SART SART mark length Radar receiver 9500 MHz bandwidth 9200 MHz Low speed sweep signal Sweep start High speed sweep signal Figure 3 8 Appearance of SART signal on the radar display General procedure for detecting SART response 1 Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0 6 nm 1125 m to distinguish the SART 2 Turn off the automatic clutter suppression 3 Turn off the Interference Rejector General remarks on receiving SART SART range errors When responses from onl
41. point position is Figure 2 20 Nav data menu denoted on the radar display by a dashed ring 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Navigator Waypoint position 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 1 5 HDG 3268 AUTO o clock to select ALL GPS or LC as P E appropriate and press the ENT key PS Select ALL if several navigators are connected to the radar In this case position data is selected in order of GPS Loran C and other 0 5 5 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Nav Data Disp 6 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select ON or OFF as DEPTH We 5 appropriate and press the ENT key 350 0m 0 05NML 30 0KT POSI L L 7 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to 1 8 25 186 0 00N select Pos Disp Mode 0 675M 240 1 0 646 308 75 8 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select L L latitude and longitude or TD Loran C as 9 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Depth Unit 2 17 10 Press the omnipad at 3 0 CI0CM 9 o clock to select M meters FA fathoms or FT feet as desired and press the ENT key 11 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Temp Unit 12 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select C or F as desired and press the ENT key 13 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select STBY Display 14 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select NORM navigational data is not
42. r G OUT Press the GUARD key again to reactivate the alarm G IN or G OUT replaces G ACKN 2 13 Canceling the guard zone Press and hold down the GUARD key until the guard zone disappears Notes on the guard alarm e When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range the guard zone disappears from the display and G IN or G OUT is displayed in reverse video If this happens raise the range to redisplay the guard zone A target echo does not always mean landmass reef ships or surface objects but can imply returns from sea surface or precipitation As the level of these returns varies with environment the operator should properly adjust the STC GAIN sensitivity A C RAIN and FTC to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes Asterisk blinking Guard zone to set Drag cursor here 1 Mentally create the guard zone to set 2 Drag cursor to top left corner of zone and press GUARD 6 IN X gt 7 Drag cursor here Guard zone 4 Guard zone completed 3 Drag cursor to bottom right corner of zone and press GUARD Figure 2 15 How to set a guard zone 2 14 2 17 Suppressing Radar Interference Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band as your radar Its on screen appearance is many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted li
43. rating properly 4 To escape from the test press the MENU key The ROM and RAM are automatically checked If NG No Good appears to the right of ROM or RAM indication contact your dealer for advice NMEA data can be displayed on the test screen as follows 1 Press the key NMEA data appears on the upper half of the screen 2 Press the TONE key to select input source NAV HDG or E S 3 To display the NMEA data over the entire screen press the key three times 4 erase the NMEA data press the key 4 5 Replacing the Magnetron When the magnetron has expired distant targets cannot be seen on the display When you feel long range performance has decreased contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement of the magnetron Magnetron type MG5248 Code No 000 116 121 4 3 MENU TREE MENU key m 1 Backlight Brilliance 2 P L IR NR amp Radar Mode 3 Nav Data 1 Panel 1 2 3 4 2 Echo trail 7 2 1 Pulselength SHORT LONG r 2 Int Reject OFF 1 2 3 3 Noise Reject OFF ON 4 Echo Stretch OFF b Radar Mode CU WPT UP 1 Navigator ALL GPS LC 2 Nav Data Disp OFF ON 3 Pos Disp Mode L L TD 4 Depth Unit FA FT 5 Temp Unit F L 6 STBY Display NORM NAV 4 Mode amp Function 5 Tuning AUTO MANU
44. relative bearing of the shore 1 3 How Radar Determines Range Radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the reception of the reflected echo It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162 000 nautical miles per second Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the distance to the target Note that the echo makes a complete round trip but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one way distance to the target This radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation 1 4 How Radar Determines Bearing The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar antenna is pointing when it emits an electronic pulse and then receives a returning echo Each time the antenna rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one Therefore if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out one knows the direction from which the echo must return 1 1 1 5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rotation Speed The speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of rotation of the antenna By the time radar echoes have returned to the a
45. require You can deselect up to fourteen ranges as follows 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Mode amp Function and press the ENT key 3 Select Range and press the ENT key Active ranges appear in reverse video 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select range to disable or enable and press the ENT key Current selection is underlined 5 Press the ENT key 2 20 6 Repeat steps 4 and 5 to disable or enable other ranges 7 When finished press the MENU key 2 29 Displaying Navigation Data During Stand by Various navigation data can be displayed during stand by A barometer is built in this radar atmospheric pressure appears in graph form on the navigation data display during stand by If your navigation aid can output data in NMEA 0183 data format your vessel s position in latitude and longitude the range and bearing to waypoint speed course date time and cross track error may be input to this radar and be seen in the bottom text area during stand by Further with video sounder input depth may be displayed both digitally and in graph form N CAUTION The barometer and depth displays are intended as reference Any data displayed by them should be used with extreme caution Procedure 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select the Nav Data and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o
46. rglass return much weaker echoes Vertical surfaces such as a cliff are good targets provided they face the radar Conversely horizontal and smooth surfaces such as mudbanks sandy beaches and gently sloping hills make poor targets because they disperse rather than reflect most of the energy that strikes them The strongest radar echoes known come from built up areas docks etc because these targets are less subject to changes in aspect These types of targets have three flat smooth surfaces mutually at right angles Some radar buoys are arranged this way so as to deliberately increase their detection range 3 2 3 3 Range Resolution Range resolution is a measure of the capability of a radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and are close together The main factor which affects range resolution is pulselength Two targets on the same bearing close together cannot be seen as two distinct echoes on the display unless they are separated by a distance greater than one half the pulselength Radar is able to display two Transmitted distinct target echoes radar pulse X Target F9 Transmitted radar pulse Target E 85 5 Radar cannot display targets a separate echoes because they are within the pulselength Figure 3 2 Range resolution 3 4 Bearing Resolution Bearing resolution is a measure of the capability of a radar to
47. rk on the antenna unit Table 4 1 Recommended maintenance program antenna unit heavily corroded Period Item Check point Remarks 3 to 6 Exposed Check for corrorded or loosened nuts Sealing compound may be used months nuts and and bolts If necessary clean and instead of paint Apply a small bolts on repaint them thickly Replace them if amount of grease between nuts and bolts for easy removal in future Antenna Check for dirt and cracks on radiator radiator surface thick dirt should be wiped off with soft cloth dampened with fresh water If a crack is found apply a slight amount of sealing compound or adhesive as a temporary remedy then call for repair Do not use plastic solvent acetone for cleaning If you need to remove ice from antenna unit use a wooden hammer or plastic head hammer Crack on the unit may cause water ingress causing serious damages to internal circuits Terminal Open antenna cover to check terminal strips and strip and plug connections inside Also plugs in check the rubber gasket of antenna antenna unit covers for deterioration When closing antenna covers in position be careful not to catch loose wires between covers and unit LCD The LCD will in time accumulate a coating of dust which tends to dim the picture Wipe LCD lightly with a soft cloth Do not use chemical cleaners to clean any part of the display unit they can remove paint and markings
48. s 3 4 Illumination 2 4 C Curse up 2 12 Control panel 2 1 aii a ee eite e te dns 2 2 Cursor position 2 22 2 21 Cursor 2 2 2 D DISP MODE key 2 1 2 10 2 11 Display 2 10 E EE 2 2 2 7 EBL reference eene 2 19 2 1 2 7 ECHO K6yu iet medie 2 1 2 4 ENT K6y incon ne E RAD e reae 2 1 Echo stretch eese 2 18 Echo trails iiie lai p 2 16 F 2 4 2 6 3 6 cc S 4 2 G GUARD 2 1 2 13 2 4 3 6 Guard 2 12 2 14 H HM OFF 2 1 2 21 Heading marker 2 2 2 20 Head up 2 12 Indirect 3 4 M 2 1 4 1 2 8 2 9 A 1 Mode amp Function 2 9 Multiple 3 3 M Nav Data 2 9 Navigation
49. splay and the target Check the range ring interval at the top left corner and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring By cursor Operate the omnipad to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the target echo The range to the target as well as the bearing appears at the bottom of the display By VRM 1 Press the VRM key to display the VRM 2 Press the omnipad to place the VRM on the inside edge of the target 3 Check the VRM readout at the bottom left hand corner of the display to find the range to the target Note The VRM is automatically anchored if the omnipad is not operated within about 10 seconds To erase the VRM press and hold down the VRM key for about two seconds is 1 5MM emp ew t Target p 2 2 X E 4 a i 3 m d 1 27 y 3 2 N 4 RE VRM x ga 2 _ x WA VRM VRM CURSOR 0 675NM 0 675nm 308 7 8 range Figure 2 8 Measuring range by the VRM 2 11 Measuring the Bearing There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target by the cursor and by the EBL Electronic Bearing Line By cursor Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with the cursor intersection The bearing to the target appears at the bottom right hand corner of the display By EBL 1 Press the EBL key to display the EBL
50. t service characters and indications are abnormal e have a qualified technician check the set you have adjusted the gain with FTC and STC off neither noise nor targets appear indications and markers do e check signal cable for damage neither indications nor markers appear noise and targets do e check signal cable for damage the sweep radial line sweeping around the display is not synchronized with antenna rotation e the problem may be in the antenna unit Request service there is no change in sensitivity e request service a key is pressed nothing happens e key may be faulty Request service 4 2 4 4 Test The self test facility checks the keyboard ROM and RAM for proper operation You may run the test as follows 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select Self Check The following display appears MSS SELF TESTO KEY Board TEST Press each key and note that the cor responding key on the screen turns black Prog No 03591371 ROM OK RAM OK On Hours 000008 3H Tx Hours 000007 9H MENU MAIN MENU Program version no Figure 4 1 Test screen 3 To check the keyboard press each key except the MENU key Its corresponding location on the display lights in black if the key is ope
51. the minimum Care should be exercised as a wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable irrespective of the setting of the anti clutter sea control In this case the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9 5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards own ship Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual FTC control This should be used normally to break up areas of rain when trying to detect a SART response which being a series of dots is not affected by the action of the anti clutter rain circuitry Note that Racon responses which are often in the form of a long flash will be affected by the use of this control Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps These additional dot responses which also are equally spaced by 0 64 nm will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots 3 7 Racon Radar Beacon A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a ship s radar usually only the 3 centimeter band The signal
52. tiple echoes Side lobe echoes Every time the antenna rotates some radiation escapes on each side of the beam called side lobes If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe the side lobe echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range as shown in Figure 3 5 Side lobes show usually only at short ranges and from strong targets They can be reduced through careful reduction of the sensitivity or proper adjustment of the STC True echo Main lobe s Side lobe Spurious target Antenna Figure 3 5 Side lobe echoes 3 3 Indirect echoes Indirect echoes may be returned from either a passing ship or returned from a reflecting surface on your own ship for example a stack In both cases the echo will return from a legitimate contact to the antenna by the same indirect path The echo will appear on the same bearing of the reflected surface but at the same range as the direct echo Figure 3 6 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo Indirect echoes may be recognized as follows e they usually occur in a shadow sector e they appear on the bearing of the obstruction but at the range of the legitimate contact e when plotted their movements are usually abnormal and e their shapes may indicate they are not direct echoes Heading marker Indirect path Obstruction mast funnel etc True Indirect echo echo Indirect
53. tive Therefore turn off the circuit when its function is not required 2 9 Tuning the Receiver The receiver can be tuned automatically or manually For automatic tuning the receiver is tuned each time you switch from stand by to transmit For manual tuning the receiver is properly tuned when the longest tuning indicator appears However the length of the indicator changes with the number of radar echoes range and other factors Tuning indicator AUTO T 1 5MM pp ae Y GUN LY awn 2 Figure 2 7 Tuning indicator Note When you switch from manual to automatic wait 4 seconds before closing the MENU Otherwise automatic tuning may not work properly 2 6 Manual tuning The default tuning method is automatic To switch to manual tuning 1 Press the MENU key to open the menu 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Tuning 3 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock to select MANUAL 4 Press the ENT key followed by the MENU key How to tune manually While pressing and holding down the HM OFF key press the 9 o clock or 3 o clock position on the omnipad to tune Tune to show the longest tuning indicator 2 10 Measuring the Range You can measure the range to a target three ways by the range rings by the cursor and by the VRM Variable Range Marker By range rings Press the RINGS key to display the range rings Count the number of rings between the center of the di
54. y the MENU key 2 19 Selecting Pulselength Pulselength is the transmission time of a single radar pulse The longer the pulselength the greater the detection range capability however range accuracy and range resolution are reduced Pulselength can be selected to short or long on the 1 5 and 3 nautical mile ranges 1 Press the MENU key 2 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select P L IR NR amp Radar Mode and press the ENT key 3 Press the omnipad at 6 o clock to select Pulselength 4 Press the omnipad at 3 o clock 9 o clock to select SHORT or LONG as appropriate 5 Press ENT and MENU keys SP or MP for 1 5 NM range or MP or LP for 3 NM range appears at the upper left hand corner 2 20 Off Centering the Display Note This function is not available on the 48 nm range Your vessel s position can be shifted anywhere in the effective display area The primary advantage of the off centered display is that for any range setting the view ahead of your vessel can be extended without changing the range or size of targets Procedure 1 Locate the cursor where you want to the screen center to be 2 Press the OFF CENTER key OFF CENTER appears at the top left corner on the display when the display is off centered 3 To cancel the off center display press the OFF CENTER key again Cursor 2 Press OFF CENTER key cursor location becomes own ship s position 1 Place cursor w
55. y the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0 64 nm beyond the true position of the SART When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position 3 5 Radar bandwidth This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength Narrow bandwidths of 3 5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10 25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART Radar side lobes As the SART is approached sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings These can be removed by the use of the anti clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship GAIN For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used that is with background noise speckle visible 3 6 STC control For optimum range SART detection this control should be set to
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