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User`s Manual for PowerSight PS3000

1. it to PowerSight and perhaps save it to a file For instance check to see how many records can be recorded given the choice of variables and check the length of time that logging can proceed before the log will fill up If the time it takes to fill up the log is too small remove unneeded variables or change the logging period As you change the variables or logging period you will see the capacity of the log in number of records and in recording time change to reflect the change Make sure the logging period is short enough to have at least 10 records in the log before you end logging Less than 10 records will not look presentable when graphed Generally strive to have at least 100 records in a consumption log That would allow for 10 data points in each column of the graph When PowerSight is at the site where it will be used 1 2 3 4 Hook up the voltage leads and current probes to the circuit being monitored referring to the appropriate diagrams of the Connecting to PowerSight chapter Insert the power plug into the 12VDC jack at the end of the meter as described in the Connecting to Power section Power for the meter will come from a wall charger or from an LDC line to DC converter If you have an LDC3 accessory attach its leads as shown in the Connecting to Line To DC LDC Converter Accessory section If you are going to monitor just a few hours and the meter s internal battery is fully charged you ca
2. If the current phase sequence is correct it does not automatically mean that the current probes are connected correctly The phase angles between them and the phase lag between the voltage and current the next test must also be examined The numbers of the second line are the approximate number of degrees between each phase In a normal three phase system they should appear as 120 degrees 15 degrees If there is a large imbalance between the angles of the phases like 62 228 69 then one or more current probes are probably backwards If one of the numbers is 0 then the current probes on either side of it are connected to the same phase Also even if the phase sequence and degrees are correct the current probes may be connected to the wrong phases For instance if la is paired with Vb Ib is paired with Vc and Ic is paired with Va the current sequence and phase angles will appear correct but power readings for each phase will be incorrect Note that in a single phase system with two hot phases a two phase system the phase angle between them will be 180 degrees Also note that in a four wire delta system with most of the loads operating phase to neutral you may see normal operation of 90 90 and 180 degrees between the currents The sequence and phase angle numbers are updated each second When the readings appear to be correct press Yes Accept to move on to the phase lag angle test 41 Checking Phase Lag Angle
3. the time and date of the worst transient 80 atotal of how many transients occurred during the disturbance monitoring session 81 Measurement Modes Introducing Measurement Modes PowerSight performs so many measurements that it is quite a challenge to keep the instrument easy to use Often you make measurements on one general type of system There is no need to complicate your task by PowerSight asking you to make the same choices over and over Many of the basic choices define how you wish PowerSight to interpret its inputs and how you want it to calculate and record its results To accomplish these ends several measurement modes can be selected by the user The general categories are Voltage measurement modes Frequency measurement modes Power measurement modes Defining inputs All measurement modes will be explained in the next few sections The Measure Mode key allows you to make these basic choices only when needed As new measurement capabilities are added to PowerSight the Measure Mode key will keep the product easy to use Phase Neutral vs Phase Phase vs 2 Current Mode There are three voltage measurement modes Phase Phase Phase Neutral 2 Current Mode When measuring voltages you either need them recorded in phase neutral format or in phase phase format A phase neutral voltage reading is the difference in potential between one of the phase inputs Va Vb and Vc and the neutral
4. General It is important to us to allow you to work with and manipulate the various graphs and waveform presentations in PSM We try to make the features that accomplish this look and feel the same throughout the program so you can handle all waveforms and graphs in the same way as much as possible This is one of the areas in which we continually improve the product and our software updates will allow you to benefit from these improvements over time This section presents the general methods we have for analyzing manipulating and presenting the data The Viewing Waveforms section presents additional material that relates just to waveforms The types of analysis and manipulation features are Selection of signals to view Attaching labels and titles Changing the color scheme Setting the scale Printing and saving as Windows bitmap graphic Redo get new data Zooming and panning Viewing data In order to ease selecting the signal you wish to see and to avoid cluttering the presentation we use an approach of Select Signals to View r Primary Choice Secondary Choice primary choice and Pages go l oS C c secondary choice This is a C Curent fe EN Ext Voltage and Current simple two step process First you choose a primary choice That results in only being presented with the appropriate secondary choices Help Often the presentation of a graph can be enhanced by changing the title at the top f
5. and then Phasor Diagram sek hee Phasor diagrams present each E ao Crest Factor 15 15 1 5 voltage and current as a vector on a 500 0 graph A vector combines two 97 PowerSight Manager 5HpMotor wfm File Edit View Harmonics Help t S e wfo sjappa ele Q m eol el 3 5 Hp Motor 203V pp 60Hz Phasor Diagram Voltages oVab 2077 0 o be 206 120 oVea 206 120 Imbalance 0 201 Currents ola 46A 5 olb 45A 111 olc 47A 127 Imbalance 2 303 Vpp I Phase Lag oVab Ia 5 oVbc Ib 9 o cale 7 measurement properties into one object In this case the properties are magnitude and phase lag Normally phase A voltage is considered to be the phase reference signal so its angle is 0 degrees If the phase A current lags it it will be slightly above it In a three phase circuit normally the other two phases will be 120 degrees before and after the A phase and the phase lag of each current relative to its associated voltage will be similar The data graphs on the left of the phasor display show the actual degrees of all voltages and currents in relation to phase A voltage and show the phase angle between the voltage and current of each phase Another convenient analysis feature are the signal selection icons Clicking on these icons allow you to simply cycle through the individual voltages currents or phases The order of presentation as you Click on the icon is A
6. see the sections on Changing Input Ratios in PowerSight and in PSM You should also check your frequency mode and make sure that all metal contacts of clamp on current probes are clean and securely fastened 8 How long will it take for my memory to fill up during data logging This depends on your logging period the amount of data being stored and the amount of memory available As you change these values using our PowerSight Manager PSM software it will automatically display how log it will take to fill the log To see this just click on the Data Setup button at the main menu of PSM The Monitoring Activities section is where you can choose what data types and variable types you want PowerSight to record into memory You can also press the Time button 3 times to see the time to fill log displayed on the screen of PowerSight 9 What is a Logging Interval A logging interval is the length of time between PowerSight recording measurements into its internal data log Each second PowerSight summarizes measurements such as voltage and current for all phases and the end of the logging interval these one second summaries are condensed into an average a maximum and a minimum which are then recorded into the log For instance if you set a logging interval of 15 minutes PowerSight will keep track of the average maximum and minimum of all measurement types during each second of the 15 minute period and store these summary
7. 22 A variation of delta is four wire or center tapped delta see figure 1D In this configuration if the main interest is in measuring phase neutral voltage then connect the neutral voltage to the neutral input for more accurate voltage readings Connecting to Three Phase Four Wire Delta Power Figure 6 presents the recommended connections to a three phase delta system where a neutral is provided from the center of one of the phases Be sure to follow the safety warnings of the previous sections before making the connections This type of system allows delivery of both three phase and single phase power The three phase power is typically 240V for running motors The dual single phase power is typically 120V for running lights and small equipment from one power service It also provides 208V Depending on what you intend to monitor it may be appropriate to set PowerSight in phase phase voltage measurement mode to monitor three phase loads or to look at total power or in phase neutral voltage measurement mode to monitor single phase loads Although the selection of voltage measurement mode affects what voltage levels are displayed and recorded phase phase versus phase neutral it does not affect the power and power factor calculations Connecting to Three Phase Grounded Delta Power Figure 7 presents the recommended connections to a three phase system with one phase tied to ground No connection is made to the neutr
8. B C and then ABC together 98 PowerSight Manager 5HpMotor_wfm File Edit View Harmonics Help 8 elm Slaps ale sa meal 5 Hp Motor 208 pp 60Hz O ab O be O Vea RMS Vale 206 5 206 4 205 7 Crest Factor 1 5 500 0 99 Monitoring Power Consumption Introduction When PowerSight is first turned on it operates like a reporter describing what it sees New measurements are generated each second that replace old measurements Old measurements are discarded These are the present values that are displayed as you press various keys When PowerSight is instructed to begin monitoring consumption it not only reports what it sees the present values it also generates summary information about the entire monitoring session and about each logging period Summary information includes maximum values during the session and logging period minimum values during the session and logging period average values during the session and logging period These summary statistics are of great value to you as you ask questions such as What is the minimum voltage What is the maximum current How much does it cost to run this equipment What is the average load When is my peak demand period The PS3000 measures most basic measurement types Such as voltage current power and power factor once each second The present value that is presented on the screen is the most recent measurement during the p
9. Check of Voltage Levels compare size and level of all 3 voltages Check of Voltage Phase Sequence review the order in which the voltage appear Check of Current Levels compare size and level of all 3 phase currents and neutral Check of Current Phase Sequence review the order in which the 3 phase currents appear Check of Phase Lag Angles verify that the amount displacement phase angle between the voltage and current of each phase is a reasonable amount and that it is a similar amount for each phase Once you have used the View Waveform feature of PSM or the Checkout Connections feature of PowerSight to verify that connections are correct you can proceed with confidence knowing that the power wiring is correct and that PowerSight is connected to it properly Checking Voltage Levels Using Checkout Connections After pressing Yes Accept to the display Checkout Connections you are asked Checkout Voltage Levels If you 37 press Yes Accept then the voltages of all three phases are presented on the display and are updated each second First check that the voltage measurement mode is correct If Van 120 Volts the measurement mode is phase Vbn 120 cn 120 neutral all measurement labels take the form Vxn where n stands for neutral and x is a b or c depending on which phase is being presented If the measurement mode is phase phase labels take the form Vxy where xy is ab bc or ca Changing t
10. Monitoring Power Consumption s s ssssssssunnnnnnnnnnnnnn 100 Wiroduchomaea e E E E O AE 100 Basic Consumption Data Logging ccccccseeeeeeeseeeeeteteeeeneeteaes 101 Receiving Data Log from PowerSight ccccseeeseeeeeeesteeteeeees 104 Viewing CONSUMPTION LOGS ccccccessseseeeeseceeesseeeeeeesseeaeeessseaeess 105 Custom Consumption Data Logging 0eeeeeee 107 INTRODUCTION fe EE A eevee tents teen E A 107 Starting Data Logging etiseri neei tineau aena eiiean aeiaai ae a iaeia 107 Stopping Data LOGGING e iaa a etine aep aa arenito kea iinei aake aia aai 108 Setting the Consumption Logging Period 109 Setting Measurement Types cceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseceeeesaeeeeeeeees 110 Setting Measurement Modes 00 ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeeeeneeees 111 Saving and Retrieving Data Setups to File or PowerSight 112 Disturbance MOnitoring ccccccssssseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeneees 113 Introducti M n Aha naniii enaa n aaae eh eta aaa aaka aae he ates 113 Monitoring DisturbanceS ssssessseessrrresirnesrnnnnrnnnnnnnnrnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnn 114 Report Generator Software cccccssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 116 MAUCORO E 116 Generating a REPO ceeecceceeeeseeeeeeeeceeeeeeaeeeeaaeeseneeeeaeeeeaaesseneeees 116 Viewing a REDO eeraa a a A a E 118 Other Functions of PowerSight cccssssssseeeeeeeeeees 120 Calibrating PowerSight
11. Vn Va Vb or Vc and each jack is similarly labeled Vn Va Vb or Vc 12 A Note The Vn test lead is a different color from the other leads black Similarly the Vn jack on PowerSight is a different color from the other ones black Connecting anything other than neutral or ground to the Vn jack can jeopardize your safety the functioning of the unit and the accuracy of the unit Current probes plug into the sides of PowerSight Each current probe is labeled la lb Ic or In and each jack is similarly labeled la lb Ic or In The la and In probes plug into the left side of the unit The lb and Ic probes plug into the right side of the unit When plugging a current probe into PowerSight the flat side of the plug should be faced upwards so the label is readable This will align it properly for plugging into the PowerSight case Clamp on probes have a correct orientation in which to attach them On most probes head there will be an arrow pointing in the direction of the conductor being measured When clamped onto la Ib or Ic the arrow should point along the conductor from the power source towards the load If the current probe is connected backwards its waveform will appear upside down when you upload waveforms it may be slightly less accurate in its current readings and most importantly if you operate in positive negative power measurement mode power readings will be disastrously wrong 13 Introduction to Powe
12. common current waveforms that may be seen are shown in the Checking Phase Lag Using PSM section below 45 Checking Phase Sequence Using PSM While still viewing all current waveforms of a three phase system notice how they reach their peak value Each of the peaks should be the same distance from each other similar to as shown in the Checking Voltage Sequence Using PSM section This even spacing must continue across the screen In a three phase system there will be a constant 120 degrees apart 5 5 msec for 60 Hz 6 3 msec for 50 Hz If one or two of the current probes is backwards the peaks will not be evenly spaced If that is the case determine which probe can be turned around to get the spacing correct After turning it around and verifying that the spacing is now correct determine in what order the currents reach their peaks This sequence must be in the same order as was seen for the voltages If they are not swap two of the probes This will correct the phase sequence Verify once again that the spacing between them is still correct If not repeat the instructions of this section Checking Phase Lag Angle Using PSM When viewing the voltage and Select Signals to View 2 x current waveform of a given phase you will notice a timing 5 relationship between the two oN rine ee waveforms refer examples igs ip below The point at which the current reaches its peak may lead or lag the peak of
13. fala alej ei fl A very handy feature is the Redo icon Whenever it is 132 visible clicking on it give you fresh data to look at If you are viewing the waveforms of the attached signals and you click on this another set of waveforms will immediately be captured assigned a new file name and displayed Similarly if you have the high frequency spectrum analyzer option FAO and you click on the icon a new spectrum analysis will be conducted and displayed On the other hand if you are looking at a stored data file clicking on this icon will allow you to choose other data files of a similar type to view Reading Graphs and Waveforms Graphs and waveforms have similarities in the ways they are presented in order to quickly understand what is displayed Examples of the various graphs and what the various sections mean follow The name of the file that is being displayed appears in the top border If you want to determine what directory the file is in click on File and then Save As to see the directory location The name of the graph or waveform set appears at the top of the graphical portion of the screen The default name is the name of the file including the directory path You can enter a name of your choice by clicking View and then Labels The name and metric of the vertical axis tells what type of measurement is being displayed and what the unit of measurement is When the graph co
14. measurements available The display of power factor tells you if current is leading or lagging voltage For instance if current lags voltage in phase A the display will read Van la If current leads voltage the display reverses the order and reads la Van Determining whether current is leading or lagging is necessary when correcting power factor by using capacitance The phase lag angles of all phases can be viewed simultaneously using the checkout connections feature The final screen of that 6 step process displays these angles in degrees of lag 63 Power Factor and Phase Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record maximum minimum and average true power factor for each phase and for total power for each logging period The summary values at the top of the screen are the maximum minimum and average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing consumption waveforms the average true power factor of the waveform is shown at the top right If a harmonic analysis is displayed the true power factor is also listed If trending data is being recorded and PowerSight is operating in phase phase voltage measurement mode the average total true power factor for each second will be displayed and recorded each second Phase lag angle is most easily determined by viewing a waveform and then clicking on the phasor diagram icon The phase lags of each phase will be listed on the right as well as the phase angl
15. the system is operating correctly and the current probes are attached correctly To view all current levels at once press Yes Accept when asked Checkout Current Levels The following display is typical Generally the 3 active phases should be similar in size and the neutral current should be relatively small The readings are updated each second ITa 201 tIc 201 Ib 201 tIn 0 00 Note If one of the phases is 0 or extremely high the plug of the current probe may not be pushed all the way into PowerSight When the readings appear to be correct press Yes Accept to move on to the next test Checking Phase Sequence Using Checkout Connections In order to get correct power readings for each phase voltages and currents of the same phase must be combined The phase sequence for voltages was determined in an earlier test Next we need to verify that the currents have the same phase sequence 40 To determine the current phase sequence press Yes Accept when asked Check Phase Sequence The following display is typical The order in which the currents Ia Ib Ic are listed is the order in which the 120 120 120 peaks of the current arrive Looking at the phase letters the example above shows a phase sequence of A B C which is typical If the displayed sequence is C B A then one or more current probes are either connected to the wrong phase or are connected backwards unless the voltage phase sequence was also C B A
16. 48 When measuring DC volts the RMS value is the same as the DC value Voltage crest factor is the ratio of peak voltage of a cycle over the RMS voltage of the same cycle Vcf Vpk Vrms A perfect sine wave has a crest factor of 1 414 V2 Maximum minimum and average voltage in power measurements refers to the maximum minimum and average of RMS voltage measurements during a time of interest In the PS3000 the present voltage is the RMS voltage calculated for the most recent second Maximum minimum and average are based on these one second measurements Voltage Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired voltage measurements When in phase neutral measurement mode the RMS root mean square voltage between Vn and the Va Vb and Vc input jacks is displayed by simply pressing Volt repeatedly The sequence of the display as Volt is pressed is Van gt Vbn gt Vcn In the phase phase measurement mode Vab Vbc and Vca are displayed instead If energy consumption is being monitored the maximum minimum and average RMS voltage is displayed by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the appropriate present voltage In this way by combining the Volt and More keys there are 12 RMS voltage measurements available 49 Any Display Other Than Voltage User Interface for Voltage Measurements For instance if the average voltage between Vb and Vn is desired press Volt to displ
17. 50 inches wide and bus bars of 1 97 x 5 31 inches or 2 56 x 3 94 inches It offers linearity of 0 5 1 5 amps from 5 to 3000 amps The HA3000 offers added safety to users who clamp over bare bus bar since the user s hands do not pass close to the exposed bus bar It is available as a special order item The FX3000 and FX5000 are flex type probes They consist of a tube about 0 55 inch in diameter and 24 inches long The ends of this tube can snap together around a conductor to measure current Flex probes are very handy when space is tight when multiple cables must be clamped around or when connecting around an unusual bus bar that the HA3000 cannot fit over They are also lighter and less expensive The flexible tube creates a circle with an inside diameter of 7 inches This circle can be deformed into various shapes to accomplish your measurement goals The basic accuracy of the flex probes is good measuring from 10 to 3000 amps within 1 accuracy However readings can vary as much as 2 depending on the position of the flex probe while connected Position the flexible portion of the probe 11 around the conductor so that the cable from the probe drops straight down and the head rests against the conductor and is ata right angle with the conductor The frequency response of flex probes is very good but phase shift increases with frequency Unlike other manufacturers flex probes ours do not require batteries for them to run A Y
18. Details screen also has a checkbox to direct graphs to be included in the report If this box is checked each variable will have a graph only included The data of the graph will only be during the time period specified in the Datalog Information screen A word of caution here if your computer is under powered or has limited extended memory and you select all of the variable types and checkmark either of the graphics boxes the report program may slow down or even fail The solution would be to either select less variables or remove the checkmark from the graphics box The Log Details screen also has a box for entering a KWH cost rate This will be used in the report for all cost estimates When you are satisfied with the selections click on Next to obtain the report Viewing a Report The report appears on screen and is in a rich text format You can edit and format the report within any word processing application At the top is the title that you entered followed by information about the source of the data filename start time and end time The example shown is a comparison report so there is information about the source of the before data and separate information about the source of the after data After the source information is the main body of the report Each measurement type is listed in the first column The Before column is the one number summary for the measurement type for the before ti
19. File or PowerSight When you create a customized data setup it is usually a good idea to save the setup to a file To do this click on Save to File and give it a filename A good practice is to give the setup a name that will be displayed The example says CUSTOM but a typical one might be Motors The name can only be eight characters long Although this name that is embedded into the setup is limited to 8 characters the filename that the setup is stored under can be of any length that is acceptable to Windows To load the setup into PowerSight click on Save to PowerSight To retrieve a setup file Save Log Setup Get Log Setup click on From File and Save to PowerSight From PowerSight select the specific setup Save to File From File you wish to use To This Setup s name is This Setup is presently in a connected PowerSight click on From PowerSight When the Data Setup menu is first entered the setup that is shown is the setup from the connected PowerSight If no PowerSight is connected the initial setup is the Default setup The default setup can always be recovered by clicking on Defaults 112 Disturbance Monitoring Introduction Your PS3000 can monitor for high speed transients spikes on any one of its input signals When in this mode of operation it devotes all of its resources to detecting transients This means that you cannot monitor c
20. Hz 360 440 Hz fundamental frequency DC and 45 1650 Hz included in RMS 45 3300 Hz for harmonic measurements Accuracy 0 5 Power Energy Cost Power Factor Display Range 1 watt 60 megawatts using input ratios Accuracy 1 0 plus accuracy of current probe Measure Rate Once per second for each phase Harmonic Distortion Range Display of THD and individual harmonics through 25th 1800 Hz of all signals With PowerSight Manager software display of harmonics through 63rd 3900 Hz Accuracy To within 1 of fundamental Transient Detection Resolution of Duration 16 usec Measurable Range of Magnitude 2500 Vpk Captured Waveforms Quantity 56 waveforms organized into 8 time coincident wavesets of 7 each 3 voltages and 4 currents Special 1 waveset is always a recording of signals present when Monitoring began These specifications are subject to change without notice 147
21. Sequence Using PSM cceceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeee 46 Checking Phase Lag Angle Using PSM ccssceeseesesteeeeteeeees 46 Measurement Types cecceeeeeeseseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 48 Voltage Measurement sesir etk ere eka koian a AE ARSAN AAEN AKEE Ran naek 48 Voltage Measurements in PowerSight ccccceeseeeeeeeeesteeeeneeeeees 49 Voltage Measurements in PSM ccceccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeas 51 Current Measurements cccccccceesseceeeeneeceeecseeeeeeseeeeeessaeeeeeeeneeeeess 51 Current Measurements in PowerSight cccccescceeeeeessteeeeneeeeees 53 Current Measurements in PSM ccecccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeteas 54 Power Measurements 2 ccccceceeeeeeseneceeeeeeeseeeaeeeeeeeeeesesensieaeeeeess 55 Power Measurements in PowerSight 2 ccccccseeeeeeeeseteeeseeeeeeeees 56 Power Measurements in PSM ccssccccssessececseseeesesseeeesesnaeeeeeeaas 57 Power Factor Measurement 2 ccccecceeeeeeeeeeneeceeeeeeeseeeeesiaeeeeess 58 True Power Factor Measurements in PowerSight c eeeeee 60 Displacement P F and Phase Measurements in PowerSight 62 Power Factor and Phase Measurements in PSM 64 Energy Measurement 0 eceeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaas 65 Energy Measurements in PowerSight ccccceeeeeceeeeeeeeeteeeeeeees 66 Energy Measurements in P
22. Using Checkout Connections Current may lead or lag voltage by as much as 90 degrees Typically current lags voltage or may slightly lead it The Phase Lag Angle Test displays the approximate phase angle also known as displacement between voltage and current for each phase To determine the phase lag angle for each phase press Yes Accept when asked Check Phase Lag Angles The following display is typical The measurement is presented A 60 degrees as the number of degrees that R 60 C 60 current lags voltage for each phase If the current of a phase lags the voltage by 30 degrees the display will show 30 degrees If the current leads voltage by 7 degrees it will be displayed as 7 In a three phase connection if all previous tests had acceptable results but this test reveals that one and only one of the phases has a phase lag of 0 or 180 degrees then the current probes are matched with the wrong voltage phases If all previous tests had acceptable results and none of the phases is 0 or 180 degrees but this test reveals that one or more phases have lag angles of more than 90 degrees then one or more current probes are connected backwards Simply clamp the current probe on backwards for the phase that has a phase angle of greater than 90 degrees The phase lag angle numbers are updated each second When the readings appear to be correct or if you wish to perform all the tests over again press Yes Accept to move back to
23. a specific week For instance if the sum of the KWH of each cycle totals to 5 KWH after 10 minutes of monitoring then the energy consumed during the monitoring session is 5 KWH The PS3000 calculates KWH once a second The reactive energy consumed is determined the same as KWH except VAR measurements are used instead of watts The estimated energy consumed per hour is the total energy consumed divided by the hours of monitoring For instance if 5 KWH is consumed over a 10 minute period then the estimated energy consumed per hour is KWH 5x 2 30KWH est hr The estimated energy consumed per year is the total energy consumed divided by the fraction of a year that monitoring has proceeded For instance if 5 KWH is consumed over a 10 minute period then the estimated energy consumed per year is KWH 5x ee 262 800KWH 262 8 megawatt est yr hours 65 The estimated energy consumed per month is the estimated energy consumed during a year divided by 12 For instance if 5 KWH is consumed over a 10 minute period then the estimated energy consumed per month is KWH 60 x 24x 365 est mo T x a 10x12 hours 21 900KWH 21 9 megawatt Energy Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired energy measurements When monitoring consumption the actual energy consumed is displayed by pressing Energy Based on the history of consumption estimates of energy use per hour energy use per m
24. at that point is contained in record 90 which started at 18 24 00 on 9 23 04 and the value of the average C Phase power at that point is 5211 watts whereas the overall average of the average C phase power points that are displayed is 4030 1 watts Notice that the oveall measurement has changed from 3511 6 to 4030 1 because it only refers to the data that is shown When you print what is displayed the cursor and all values within parentheses wil not appear on the printout It is important to note that when a measurement type that is graphed is an average such as power Phase C Avg the summary value at the top is the average of all the averages displayed When it is a maximum such as Vab max the summary value at the top is the maximum of all the maximums of the data appearing on the screen When it is a minimum such as Ib min it is the mimimum of all the minimums shown Another helpful feature for graphical analysis is the ability to pan Notice on the zoomed in example above that there are scroll bars circled one at the bottom and one at the far right You can scan the data at a magnified level by either doing a left click and hold on one of the slides and then dragging it either direction in the scroll bar or by clicking on the arrowheads at either end of the scroll bar This can be very helpful for finding oddities or spotting small data patterns 136 Determining Log Capacity There
25. based on these one second measurements Current Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired measurements of current The RMS root mean square currents of the A B and C phases and of the neutral line are available by simply pressing Current repeatedly The sequence of the display is la gt lb gt Ic gt In If energy consumption is being monitored the maximum minimum and average RMS current is displayed by repeatedly Pe e nae HL enn e ico oe e nee Ey rin 08 ino User Interface for Current Measurements pressing More after displaying the appropriate present current In this way by combining the Current and More keys there are 16 RMS current measurements available For instance if the average current of the C Phase is desired press Current to display la Current to display Ib Current 53 to display Ic More to display maximum Ic More to display minimum Ic and then More to display average Ic Note that if PowerSight is not monitoring consumption the maximum minimum and average values are the results from the last monitoring session Note that when PowerSight is in 2 current mode Ib is not measured or displayed When measuring DC current the RMS value is the same as the DC value To set PowerSight for reading DC currents refer to the section on Setting Measurement Modes Remember that you need to have a DC curre
26. between two points Simply stated it is the force that generates current flow and to measure voltage two points of connection are required In AC circuits this force measured in volts usually varies continuously and always reverses direction In DC circuits it is usually steady and never reverses direction If the voltage changes in a repeating fashion then it is called a periodic function All AC power distribution is based on voltage changing at a periodic rate There are several key voltage measurements Instantaneous voltage Peak voltage RMS voltage Voltage crest factor Maximum voltage Minimum voltage Average voltage Present voltage The instantaneous voltage is simply the voltage present between two points at an instant of time When the voltage is graphed over time the graph is called the voltage waveform The peak voltage Vpk is the instantaneous voltage of the greatest magnitude either positive or negative over a period of time A measure that changes continuously is of limited use A far more useful measurement is RMS voltage wherein a single number is generated to describe a continuously varying voltage The beauty of RMS voltage is that in power calculations it makes a contribution to power roughly equivalent to a DC voltage of the same magnitude RMS voltage is defined as the square root of the mean of the square of the instantaneous voltage over one gt cycle of the fundamental frequency Vrms rae
27. box EN cit sone Uniteonnected must be displayed At the 3 Serial Number 41356 ew D Unit 65 Main Menu you can either Je Fimwate 32 B K Hardware 6 30 click on the Receive Data N Wararty Ends 05 25 05 button or on the Data Seriel Comm enabled dropdown button and then Receive Data In either case the Receive Data menu will open and all the different types of data files in the connected PowerSight will be displayed In the Data Types to ston Receive section make sure poe mema that there is a check in the m box before the line Consumption Data Next look in the tabular section for the line with the Log data type entry Consumption logs have a To File name ending with log Make sure that the box at the start of the line is checked and then click on Receive and View to transfer the data log to your computer The name of the file is based on the entry in the File Name box For instance if osm is entered in the File Name box the consumption log will be called psm log If you want a different root name change it before receiving the file When the desired file has a checkmark to its left click on the Receive and View button to transfer the data log from PowerSight to PSM and immediately start looking at the data Or click on the Receive Only button to simply receive the data log 104 Viewing Consumption Logs To select a con
28. cc cccsceeseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeesaeeteneeees 120 SEtUP FUNCIONS ie aa aa ec dete eee teen tat lt handy 120 Administrative Functions 000 ccccccceccececceeesceseeeeseeeeeeaeeeeeseeeeseuaeas 121 Automated Data Reporting Mode cc csccccsssseeeeseseeeeeessseeeeseaes 123 Other Functions within PSM cccssseeeeeeseeeeeeeeees 125 INMODUCHION PAra AA 125 Remote Control of PowerSight 0 ccccccscceeseeeeeseeceeeeeseeeeesaeeeeees 125 Setting up Administrative Features of PowerSight via PSM 126 Setting Operational Features of PSM cccccceessseeeesessteeeseeeaees 126 Putting it all Together Monitoring for the First Time 128 Working with Graphs and Waveforms cccceeseeee 131 Corera brisant n EE santacteeanesadtesuusestconeteieesuzer ese 131 Reading Graphs and WaveformS ssssseeeseeesiessrrssrrssrrnsrrsrrnsernees 133 ZOOMING and PANNING c ccceeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeeeeeesaeeesaeeeeneeeeaees 134 Determining Log Capacity ccccccesssseseseeeeeeeeees 137 Troubleshooting amp Frequently Asked Questions FAQ n E E ET 139 Overview of the Keypad Functions ccccssseseeeeeee 142 Compatibility Guide ccccicssisccsssnsscccsssiesnncentnasacsnissasasnsnaaces 144 Specifications isisisi tesnia taasn iania 146 Introducing PowerSight Congratulations on your decision to buy a PowerSight 3000 You have just purchased one o
29. demand observe the average total power in watts at the point of the peak demand period The more direct method of determining the peak demand and the peak demand period is to run the Report Generator program see Generating a Report and select Peak Demand in the list of variables to report on The report will list the peak demand period the peak average demand in Watts the peak VA demand period and the peak average VA Frequency Measurements Any periodic waveform has a basic rate at which it repeats itself This is the fundamental frequency of the waveform expressed in units of Hertz or cycles second The fundamental repeating waveform is called a cycle and is usually expressed in degrees 360 degrees to complete one cycle Some frequency measurements of interest are 70 Present frequency Maximum frequency Minimum frequency Average frequency The present frequency is the average frequency of all of the cycles of the most recent second The maximum frequency is the frequency of the shortest cycle fastest repeat time during the time of interest The minimum frequency is the frequency of the longest cycle slowest repeat time during the time of interest The average frequency is the average frequency of all the cycles during the time of interest When operating in the variable frequency modes the PS3000 determines the fundamental frequency once each second The bands of frequencies that it can measure are from 45 to
30. flow in a circuit without affecting the duty cycle measurement PowerSight comes from the factory with the on current set to 1 amp If power consumption is being monitored the number of times that current in the A phase goes on is displayed by pressing On Off Cycles once or twice Based on the history of monitoring consumption estimates of the rate of on off cycles are calculated 73 each second These estimates are available by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the total number of power cycles For instance if you are monitoring an air conditioning system and wish to know how many times per hour the unit turns on and off press On Off Cycles until the number of power cycles during monitoring is displayed and then More to display power cycles per hour Time and Capacity Measurements PowerSight performs the following time and capacity measurements present time and date time capacity of consumption log elapsed time of monitoring time remaining to fill consumption log record capacity of log number of records used in log time and date that monitoring started programmed start time and date of monitoring programmed stop time and date of monitoring The present time and date is the time and date of the clock inside PowerSight used for creating timestamps for the records of the log and for dating waveform sets that are saved It can be changed as one of the administrative functions see the Administrat
31. measurement types listed in the default data log the following measurement types can be included in each record of a custom data log average true power of all phases combined maximum true power of all phases combined minimum true power of all phases combined average apparent power of all phases combined maximum apparent power of all phases combined minimum apparent power of all phases combined average true power factor of all phases combined maximum true power factor of all phases combined minimum true power factor of all phases combined THD of voltage in phase A THD of voltage in phase B THD of voltage in phase C THD of current in phase A THD of current in phase B THD of current in phase C THD of current in neutral To inspect or change the measurement types look to the Storage section of k the Data Setup menu and click on the ome eal Detail button below the Log of C Detail Consumption line Monitoring Activities Selecting which measurement types to add or remove from the log setup is as simple as clicking on the box next to the measurement type In the illustration shown you can see that the average power factor of phase C is selected because there is a checkmark in the box that is highlighted in its row and column position 110 Log Details Log Capaci stend Time 30 902 days Records 14833 r Select Measurement Set All Clear All Measurements Measurements Set Clear B
32. metallic contact Regular test probes have conventional alligator jaw attachments that require your fingers to be within one inch of the metallic contact Also the method of attaching them can allow a gap in the insulation between the lead and where they join This is where your thumb and finger are pressing while you actuate it A For these reasons to avoid unnecessary risk of shock regular voltage test leads should not be connected to or disconnected from live circuits and should definitely not be connected to or disconnected from voltages above 120 Vrms A Another word of caution Whenever connecting to a live circuit remember that the jaws of a voltage test lead are much wider when they are open than when they are closed The potential to short two adjacent terminals or wires is a constant danger when connecting to a live circuit Depending on the current capacity of the circuit being shorted a deadly explosion of molten material can result Once they are securely connected the deluxe voltage leads are safe for steady voltages of the 600 Vrms rating of PowerSight The clamps of the deluxe voltage leads are rated for 1000V working voltage measurement category Il This is equivalent to measurement category class III for a working voltage of 600V the rating of PowerSight Summit Technology also sells a fused voltage lead set order DFV The safety advantage of fused leads is that if there is a short through the insulation of a lead
33. offer adequate accuracy v for your needs However IC Probe experience shows that although the current in each conductor of the same phase is similar in size they are typically NOT identical A Phase 4 Conductors B Phase 4 Conductors Overcoming the problem of unequal currents in parallel cables takes a few steps to do it accurately 31 Put a different probe on each conductor of a given phase and then viewing the currents of each probe simultaneously see the Checking Current Levels Using Checkout Connections section Start monitoring for 10 seconds or so and then stop monitoring see the Starting Data Logging and Stopping Data Logging sections Press the Current key and then the More key four times to view the average current for the A phase which is actually just one of the conductors of one of the phases Write it down Press the Current key and then the More key four times again to view the average current for the B phase Write it down Repeat these actions in order to get the average current of each of the conductors for the same time period Find the total of the average currents of each of the conductors of the same phase Divide the total of the average currents into the average current of conductor you wish to connect to during the actual monitoring session This yields the portion of the total current that flows through the conductor that will be measured Set the input ratio of the phase being me
34. on virtually any power system in the world When making measurements on a power source whose frequency is stable as are most power grids in industrial countries it is recommended that you operate in either Fixed 50 Hz or Fixed 60 Hz mode depending on the frequency present If you are making measurements on a military or avionics system whose 400 Hz is stable it is recommended that you operate in Fixed 400 Hz mode If you are making measurements on a DC system then you may choose either Fixed 50 Fixed 60 or Fixed 400 Hz mode When making measurements on a system whose frequency may vary such as a generator or variable frequency drive operate in either 45 66 Hz Variable Frequency or 360 440 Hz Variable Frequency mode When operating in variable frequency measurement mode PowerSight determines the fundamental frequency of the voltage or current that is attached to it every second The fundamental frequency is recorded and is used to determine the true RMS values of all voltages and currents This mode of measurement is only recommended if performing measurements on a system powered by or backed up by a generator or other system whose frequency may vary from standard measurements of the output of a variable frequency drive measurements of a system powered by a utility that does not provide power at a stable standard frequency The variable frequency measurement mode provides accurate true RMS readings of voltage cur
35. one important exception If you clamp onto the CTs rather than clamping onto each of the primary currents directly Fig 10 Recommended Connections to PowerSight 2 CT 2 PT Metering Circuit must be operating in the 2 Current Probe mode of operation see the Phase Neutral vs Phase Phase vs 2 Current Mode section 28 Connections To an Open Delta 3CT 2PT Metering Circuit In the open delta configuration two PTs and 3 CTs are available Follow the directions of the Connections to a 2CT 2PT Metering Circuit section paying attention to figure 10 You can connect Ib to the B phase CT but you must be operating in the 2 current probe mode to get the correct power results Connecting to Line To DC LDC Converter Accessory The Line To DC Converter accessory order number LDC3 for the PS3000 converts the voltage that is being monitored into DC voltage to run and charge PowerSight The applications of this option are Electrical room monitoring where a 120V outlet jack is not available for your charger Monitoring where an extension cord from a 120V outlet jack would be a safety hazard Monitoring on a rooftop power pole or power pad Reliable charging for PowerSight when there is concern that an available 120V outlet jack may be switched off by other personnel Simplified monitoring connections no need to think about powering PowerSight when installed inside a CASW weather resistant case Figure 1
36. signals It also allows accurate readings of AC and mixed AC DC signals such as AC ripple on a DC voltage Changing the Frequency Measurement Mode in PowerSight To determine which frequency measurement mode PowerSight is in simply press the Measure Mode key twice and read the display To change the frequency measurement mode from what is displayed press the No Reject key and then press Yes Accept when the desired measurement mode is displayed The frequency measurement mode that you choose will stay in effect until you change it It will not be changed by turning PowerSight off 86 Changing the Frequency Measurement Mode in PSM To determine the frequency measurement mode using PSM connect PowerSight to PSM and then either go to the Setup Data menu and read what appears in the Input Frequency box or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above To change the Input Frequency Variable 22 200Hz frequency Variable 22 200Hz measurement mode Fixed 50Hz amp DC Fixed 60Hz amp DC using PSM either go to Fixed 400Hz the Data Setup menu Variable 360 440Hz click on the Input Frequency drop down box select the mode that you wish to operate in and then send the new setup to the connected PowerSight meter or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above Always Positive Power versus Negative Power Allowed There are 3 power measurement mod
37. the first test 42 Checking out Connections using PSM The PowerSight Manager PSM software is included in the cost of your PowerSight meter You can use it to visually determine if the system connections and levels are correct Use PowerSight s Checkout Connections feature for a simple measurement based approach to checking out the connections Checking Voltage Levels Using PSM At the main menu click on Receive Waveform then Receive and View A waveset a set of 7 time coincident waveforms will __ Caneel be transferred ieee from PowerSight to PSM and then a dialogue box opens asking you to choose what signals to view Make your primary choice Voltage and your secondary choice Set All Next click on View PowerSight Manager 3ph pp wfm File Edit View Help C Voltage and Current Now that you are viewing the voltage waveforms there are several questions that need to be answered First of all is the voltage measurement mode correct If the measurement mode is phase neutral all measurement labels at the top will be Van Vbn and Vcn The first letter after the V is the phase that is connected to and the n stands for neutral If no neutral is connected to PowerSight this measurement is in reference to the neutral point between all the phases that are connected If the measurement mode is phase 43 phase as shown in the example the labels wil
38. the voltage by as much as 90 degrees 90 degrees at 50 Hz is 4 msec at 60 Hz it is 4 2 msec Typically current either lags the voltage or it may slightly lead it 46 By the time you have gotten to this test you have verified that the voltages and currents are reasonable sizes and that their sequences appear to be correct Now select a view of voltage and current and phase A only Check how much time passes between the peak of the voltage and the peak of the current It must be within 90 degrees Next select a view of phase B only and then phase C only In each case note the time delay between the peak voltage and the peak current It should be close to the same If one current leads voltage and the other two currents lag voltage by different amounts then two of the voltage or current probes are probably switched If the delays are the same for all Conventional Motor tPF 0 87 Vab la dPF 0 87 Electronic Load tPF 0 63 Van la dPF 0 99 Variable Speed Drive tPF 0 73 Vab _la dPF 0 94 Typical Phase Relationships Between Voltage and Current phases but they are more than 90 degrees then the current probes are probably not matched to the correct voltages probes and will need to be moved without changing the phase sequence 47 Measurement Types Voltage Measurements Voltage is the difference in electromotive potential
39. to ground the fuse in the handle should quickly blow out preventing the lead from vaporizing in an explosion of molten metal The safety disadvantage of fused leads occurs when the fuse is blown or is removed The user will measure 0 volts on a live circuit and may be tempted to lower his safety awareness possibly resulting in shock or damage The DFV probes are rated for 1000V measurement category Ill Current Probes Summit Technology provides a variety of probes for your use They offer different measurement ranges different sizes and physical characteristics and the ability to measure different types of current Probes such as the HA1000 are excellent choices to use with PowerSight because they support all the accuracy specifications of the product For instance the HA1000 has an accuracy of 0 5 whereas many probes on the market have an accuracy of 2 3 Also the HA1000 maintains its accuracy for frequencies up to 20 000 Hz This allows accurate current and power readings of distorted waveforms accurate readings of harmonics and the measurement of current transients that other probes would not even detect Phase shift is also an important probe characteristic The HA1000 has less than 1 2 degree of phase shift across the frequency range when measuring currents above 50 amps and just 1 5 degrees at5 amps This means that instantaneous measurements of power are highly accurate regardless of the waveform shape The phase shift
40. total and are compared to the previous worst transient If you wish to end monitoring after it has been suspended press Monitoring On Off whereupon it asks if you wish to resume monitoring Press No Reject whereupon it asks if you wish to stop monitoring of disturbances Press Yes Accept This causes the exclamation marks to disappear and allows a new disturbance summary to be created the next time you begin monitoring disturbances Please note Be careful with how you connect a Line to DC Converter LDC accessory while operating in disturbance monitoring mode The LDC absorbs transient voltage spikes so it can defeat the purpose of monitoring The solution is to connect the LDC to two voltage leads that are not being monitored This way it will have no affect on the lead being monitored 115 Report Generator Software Introduction PSM comes with a Report Generator Software program The Report Generator software provides concise reports to summarize and document findings Comparison reports are excellent for presenting before after comparisons of power usage and projected cost Separate logs can be compared or sections of the same log can be compared for this analysis Summary reports summarize the data of a log or a designated section of the log The reports can be data only or can combine data and graphs Generating a Report To generate a report either OLE mom permayeeyrare click File and then New New Repo w
41. 1 shows the correct method of connecting the LDC to PowerSight The LDC comes with two long red input leads that end with a stackable safety banana plugs These stackable plugs are to be inserted directly into two of the inputs of PowerSight If you are monitoring power without a neutral we recommend plugging them into the Va and Vb inputs If an external neutral is present we recommend plugging them into the Va and Vn inputs of PowerSight In any case there needs to be a potential between them of at least 100 Vrms and no more than 600 Vrms from 50 Hz or 60 Hz power 29 Vb or N Vb Va Vn 12V PowerSight Fig 11 LDC Connection Diagram The LDC also comes with in line fuse assemblies plugged into the stackable plugs These red assemblies contain 1000V fuses They provide protection if a short should occur in the LDC The two voltage leads that would normally be plugged into PowerSight are plugged into the loose ends of the in line fuses At this point PowerSight is ready to measure voltages as usual and the LDC is connected in parallel to two of the inputs of PowerSight You may wish to remove the in line fuse assemblies plug your voltage leads directly into the stackable plugs and plug the in line fuse assemblies between the loose ends of the voltage leads and the voltage clips This provides a connection that is electrically equivalent to the normal connection but the fuses are physically as close to the power source as
42. 10 times and allow accurate reading of small currents If you use this In Probe method set the input ratio for the current probe to 10 1 or however many turns there are in the coil 33 Turning PowerSight On Connecting to Power Although PowerSight comes with Ni Cad rechargeable batteries those batteries are intended to keep PowerSight functioning during limited power failures and to allow quick measurements without the bother of always having to find a 120 Vrms source When fully charged the batteries can power the unit for up to 10 hours For longer usage and to recharge the batteries your unit has been supplied with a wall mount power supply This power supply cannot be used with the model PS4000 and the PS4000 power supply cannot be used with the PS3000 To use this power supply simply plug it into any 120 Vrms source use the model CHG3 charger for 120Vrms and the model CHG2 for 220V and then plug its pin type plug into the 12 VDC input jack on the back end of PowerSight If charging voltage is available an LED indicating light will immediately shine through the small hole located to the left of the input jack Allow 12 hours to fully charge the unit though 8 hours is adequate for most usage If you wish to operate PowerSight without being tethered to a power outlet the Line to DC converter accessory order LDC3 offers the ability to power PowerSight directly off the line voltage being monitored It works with 50 Hz a
43. 59 Displacement power factor can be determined for each phase Terms for these measures are DPFa DPFb DPFc There is no such thing as total displacement power factor Typically the displacement power factors of each phase are similar in magnitude In addition the following can be measured for each phase Maximum true or displacement power factor Minimum true or displacement power factor Average true or displacement power factor Present true or displacement power factor Maximum minimum average and present total true power factor can also be measured Finally a measurement related to DPF is displacement phase angle The displacement phase angle is the number of degrees that the current at the fundamental frequency lags the voltage at the fundamental frequency In the absence of harmonics it is the inverse cosine of the true power factor It is always the inverse cosine of the displacement power factor 9 cos DPF True Power Factor Measurements in PowerSight The PS3000 performs all commonly desired true power factor measurements To view true power factor press Power Factor If the display says True P F then pressing Power Factor repeatedly will allow you to view the true power factors of the A B and C Phases and the total power factor of the three phases If the display says Displacement P F then press Power Factor three more times until it says True P F The sequence of th
44. 66 Hz and from 360 to 440 Hz Harmonics of these fundamental frequencies are measured to 3 300 Hz Frequency Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired frequency measurements when operating in the variable frequency measurement mode The fundamental frequency is displayed by pressing Freq If consumption is being monitored the maximum minimum and average frequency is displayed by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the frequency For instance if the minimum frequency since monitoring began is desired press Freq to display fundamental frequency More to display maximum frequency and then More to display minimum frequency PowerSight scans its inputs each second to look for an active power signal to measure If none is detected all voltage and current measurements are assumed to be zero for that second This scanning feature allows the user to connect and disconnect PowerSight to various signals without concerning himself with the source of the frequency measurement It is important to monitor frequency at installations where the frequency may vary If an instrument makes the wrong 71 assumption about the fundamental frequency all voltages currents powers etc will be inaccurate Frequency Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record maximum minimum and average frequency PowerSight determines which input channel is the source of this measured fundamenta
45. 900 17 520 KWH 4380 Chan Energy Total Elapsed Energy Estimated per month In this example even though the actual energy increased significantly the actual rate of energy use declined significantly because of the difference in time intervals between the before and after tests Cost Measurements The cost of energy consumed is defined as the product of the energy consumed times the user defined rate KWH x rate PowerSight presently uses a simple single rate price system Useful measurements and estimates of cost are Cost of energy consumed elapsed cost Estimated cost per hour Estimated cost per month Estimated cost per year The cost of energy consumed is the actual cost of energy consumed during a period of time such as since monitoring started or during a specific week For instance if 5 KWH was consumed after 10 minutes of monitoring and the rate is 0 10 KWH then the cost during the monitoring session is 0 50 The PS3000 calculates cost each second The estimated cost per hour is the elapsed cost divided by the hours of monitoring For instance if the cost is 0 50 for a 10 minute period then the estimated cost per hour is 60 Sest thr 0 50x 10 3 00 67 The estimated cost per year is the elapsed cost divided by the fraction of a year that monitoring has proceeded For instance if the cost is 0 50 for a 10 minute period then the estimated cost 60 x 24 x 365 pe
46. Box after the other connections have been made and verified Even without an appliance plugged in the adapter box offers a convenient means of checking for disturbances or analyzing the harmonic content of the incoming voltage Connecting to Multiple Single phase Loads Figure 4 presents a means to monitor 3 single phase loads simultaneously The loads must all share the same neutral voltage connection If the loads run off the same line voltage connect Va Vb and Vc to the same hot wire la Ib and Ic serve the 3 loads This approach can also be used to evaluate the current of a 4th load but the power used by that load will not be calculated Neutral Fig 4 Multiple Single Phase Connections 18 In this configuration the voltage current and power of each load can be displayed directly or graphed on your PC using our PSM software Connecting to Split Phase Two Phase Power Fig 5 shows the recommended connections to a split phase system as found in commercial and residential facilities They may be used to supply two single phase loads ora combined higher voltage load There are two Hot wires 180 degrees out of phase with each other and sharing the same neutral Appliances such as ovens that require 240V will span across both hot wires When evaluating the Neutral WHT PowerSight power for a Fig 5 Recommended Two Phase load spanning Connections the two phase
47. Power Factor APhase Ave 0 84 Power Factor B Phase Ave 0 84 Power Factor C Phase Ave 0 66 nergy Total Elapsed 121 691 i 7407 9 i gt 6 08 389 42 370 40 BF a af af af af af af af af af af af af beREG Soho to d Ken Douglas Miles Engineering Twin Falls 1676 140th Ave Twin Falls ID 925 944 1212 sales bjwi com volts At the far right is the Change column This presents what percent the before data has changed in going from before to after A negative number represents a decrease Therefore the example shows an estimated cost savings of 4 9 which represents a project savings of 19 02 per month for this one system Following the main body of the report is the information about how to contact the preparer of the report for follow up The pages after this have the graphs for the measurement types during the study period If it is a comparison report they are presented with the before graph followed by the after graph 119 Other Functions of PowerSight Calibrating PowerSight PowerSight is calibrated at the factory and automatically adjusts itself every second during normal use However in order to ensure that the meter continues to meet its specifications provision has been made for you to quickly recalibrate it yourself In order to calibrate the meter you need access to highly accurate 120 0V 200A and a highly accurate HA1000 current probe To ca
48. SM 0 cceccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeesaeeseeneees 66 Cost Measurements ccccccecstecceeessneeeeesseeecesseeeeessaeeeeeessaeeeessnaeeeeess 67 Cost Measurements in PowerSight cccccesseceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeneeeees 68 Cost Measurements in PSM cccsecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeesaaeeeeeeeteas 68 Demand Period Measurement cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaas 69 Demand Period Measurements in PowerSight ccceseeeeeees 69 Demand Period Measurements in PSM 70 Frequency Measurements cceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaas 70 Frequency Measurements in PowerSight ccccesceeseteeetteeeeneeee 71 Frequency Measurements in PSM cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 72 Duty Cycle Power Cycle MeaSurements ccccceesteceesesteeeeeenaes 72 Duty Cycle Power Cycle Measurements in PowerSight 55 73 Time and Capacity Measurement ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeseeeees 74 Time and Capacity Measurements in PowerSight 0 cceeeeee 75 Time and Capacity Measurements in PSM ccccseeeeeeeeeeeneeees 76 Harmonic Measurements ccccccceeeececeeceeeeeeeeeecaeaeeeeeeeseeeeesnnaeeeeees 77 Harmonic Measurements in PowerSight ccccscceceeeeeeseeeesseeeeeees 79 Harmonic Measurements in PSM cccccccecsseceeeeseeeeeesseeeeeenaeeeeeeeaas 79 Disturbance Transient Measurements in PowerSig
49. T Ethernet to Serial device server from Summit Technology Your installation CD contains some recommended models of USB to Serial adapters that you can buy 3 Why can t I receive any data from my PowerSight See the Data Troubleshooting guide on your installation CD or view the guide on our web site www powersight com for detailed help 4 Why doesn t my PowerSight read Voltage Current correctly There are many reasons why PowerSight may not be reading voltage or current First check that you have all the voltage and current leads connected correctly Then if that doesn t solve your problem check that the frequency mode of the PowerSight is in the correct mode for your situation 5 Why doesn t my PowerSight turn on This is most likely caused by a dead battery Plug in a power supply and see that the red LED at the end of the meter is turned on Make sure you use the correct rated power supply for the PowerSight that you are using 139 6 How long will the battery last A fully charged PS3000 will run 8 10 hours The PS3000 is fully charged in about 12 hours 8 hours is adequate The battery should not need replacement for at least 2 years Only authorized service personnel can open the meter or replace the battery 7 Why does my voltage current reading seem to be off This may be caused by an input ratio left inside the meter from a previous data setup Change the input ratio to 1 1 for all input signals and try again
50. Time and Capacity Measurements in PSM The Data Setup window allows you to review and change many of the time and capacity measurements The time capacity of the consumption log the record capacity of all the logs and the programmed start and stop time of monitoring if one exists can be reviewed and changed 76 The number of records used in any of the log types can be determined by attempting to receive the log data from an attached PowerSight The measurements of time and capacity presented on the PS3000 can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature Harmonic Measurements French mathematician Jean Baptiste Fourier determined 150 years ago that any periodic waveform can be mathematically defined to be the sum of a fundamental frequency equal to the periodic rate and additional frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency Thus any repeating waveform that does not appear to be a pure sine wave can be replicated by adding a collection of sine waves of varying frequencies phases and peak amplitudes Since the frequencies are exact multiples harmonics of the fundamental the waveform could be considered to be distorted from a pure sine wave by the addition of harmonic frequencies The total harmonic distortion provides an accurate measure of how distorted from a pure sine wave a waveform is There are several related measures of interest Fundamental frequency Harmonic frequency Harmonic numbe
51. User s Manual for PowerSight PS3000 Test Equipment 99 Washington Street Depot Melrose MA 02176 Phone 781 665 1400 1 800 517 8431 Toll Free 1 800 517 8431 va enan in nsec seesenee PowerSight is a registered trademark of Summit Technology Inc The PowerSight model PS3000 complies with part 15 subpart B of the FCC Rules for a Class A digital device Model PS3000 complies with the requirements of IEC61010 1 2001 for a 600V input rating measurement category II pollution degree II double insulated electronic device Model PS3000 is manufactured by Summit Technology Inc in the U S A The standard warranty period is 12 months from date of purchase We encourage you to advise us of any defects of design or manufacture of any of our products We are dedicated to your successful use of the product A There are no user serviceable parts in your PowerSight meter Opening the case voids your warranty and may result in present or future danger to users of the meter The rechargeable battery inside is a custom designed battery pack that is only to be replaced by authorized Summit Technology technical service personnel A Cleaning is to be done by use of a dry or damp piece of cloth Grease may be removed by light application of isopropyl rubbing alcohol Avoid the use of solvents since they may dissolve or weaken the plastic enclosure Do not use water or other conductive liquids since they may pose a safety risk A Use of t
52. Yes Accept The interval may be set from 1 second to 99 minutes The log interval is used in determining the demand period and in assembling and storing data log records PowerSight allows you to set the utility rate used in calculating the cost of energy consumed Presently one simple rate is used That rate can be displayed on the PS3000 by pressing Setup three times To change this rate press No Reject and follow the instructions to enter the new rate When the new interval is entered correctly press Yes Accept The rate may be set from 0 00001 to 999999 per KWH This wide range is helpful when setting the rate for certain international currencies The present on off current setting is displayed on the PS3000 by pressing Setup four times To change this setting press No Reject and follow the instructions to enter the new setting When the new setting is entered correctly press Yes Accept Note that this value is only used in relation to the current in the A phase Administrative Functions A collection of functions that are neither measurements nor calibrations are collected under the heading of administrative functions They include Identifying the unit Viewing the options that are loaded Reporting the warranty expiration date Changing the time and date Changing the initial displayed greeting Enabling Disabling 2 Current Mode All administrative functions are available by pressing Admin and following the
53. a PowerSight meter connected click on Setup Unit and the Setup Unit window will pop up The present personal greeting date and time and KWH cost rate will be displayed Simply make any changes that you wish and then click OK The changes will be made to the attached PowerSight A very important feature is the ability to synchronize the time of the connected PowerSight to the a time of the PC This is nice for eee quickly and accurately setting the pees time but it is also very important Framatome wa for synchronizing multiple c lt a aa PowerSight units in order to eee te correlate logs and events from j Date amp Time Mise several units located at different be Lime 19 0 13717 points at a site It also results in ie T nice presentations of logs from T Syncronize to PC fe site surveys when all units are a es programmed to start monitoring at the same moment and their graphs reflect this Setting Operational Features of PSM Several operational features of PSM are grouped together for easy access TO ACCESS Eo x them click on Software Serial Port Speed Language Lox Options at the main Gm 5760 american Ei menu The Software ee Options window will pop up You can select the _ tee _ serial port used for l communications by clicking on the Serial Port box You can adjust the speed of communications with an attached PowerSight Details 126 by clicking on the Sp
54. ach phase for each logging period In addition is can record the maximum minimum and average true or apparent total power When graphed the VAR can be displayed The summary values at the top of the screen are the maximum minimum and average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing consumption waveforms the average true power of the cycles of the waveforms are shown at the top right if both voltage and current were recorded If all phases are displayed only the total true power is displayed at the top right If a harmonic analysis of a phase is displayed the true power of that phase is also displayed 57 If trending data is being recorded and in phase phase voltage measurement mode the average true power and average apparent power of each phase will be displayed and recorded If in phase phase voltage measurement mode the total true power and total apparent power will be displayed and recorded The measurements of power presented on PowerSight can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature In addition our Report Generator software will present maximum minimum and average true power and apparent power of each phase and of all phases during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent change and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and Wiotal average is 480 W during the first inter
55. al input One of the phases originates from ground Be sure to follow the safety warnings of the previous sections before making the connections 23 Connections Using 2 Current Approach In the previous sections the approach used to measure power has been based on determining the power of each phase and then summing them to get the total power The 2 current approach figure 8 allows you to determine the total power from measuring only 2 of the 3 currents and combining them with the 3 voltages of the three phase circuit The disadvantage of this approach is that you cannot determine the power power factor or VA of each individual phase and of course you cannot record the current of one of the active phases One motivation for using this type of connection is to save time and money By only connecting to 2 of the 3 currents a small amount of time can be saved The frugal user appreciates this approach because he can save the cost of one current probe when buying a system in order Fig 8 Connections for to measure 2 Current Probe Approach total power Another motivation occurs in situations where one of the phases cannot be measured due to accessibility A necessary use for this type of connection is to measure utility power where only two metering CTs and three PTs are provided 24 After hooking up to the CTs and PTs you enter the input ratios into PowerSight see the Setting Input Ratios section in
56. ange and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and la average is 48 0 A during the first interval and 47 8 A during the second interval then the report would show iiare aftr units changel Change The total harmonic distortion THD and K factor of currents is displayed using the THD function discussed later in this chapter Change Power Measurements There are three basic interrelated measurements of power True power Apparent power Reactive power Apparent power is defined as the sum of the products of the RMS currents and their associated RMS voltages P VA Van X Tan Vbn ns X Ib pns VCR ng X LC png app rms rms rms rms rms In other words if you measure the RMS voltage measured in volts and the RMS current measured in amps and multiply them together you get the apparent power measured in VA True power is more complicated It is defined as the average of the sum of the products of the instantaneous currents and their associated instantaneous voltages over one or more cycles jae Watts 20m xt pa Xi Sa xi N N N True power equals apparent power when there is no phase lag in the load and no harmonics are present otherwise it is less than the apparent power This is why an ammeter cannot be used to accurately measure true power in most industrial circuits 55 Reactive power is the square root of the di
57. ase wiring follows the convention of neutral being the white wire hot being the black wire hot2 being the red wire and ground being the green wire If the wiring and your 16 connections to PowerSight are as shown in figure 2 Van will be some relatively large number like 120 volts and Vcn will be a small voltage like 3 volts If you then reverse the ground and neutral leads Van will now read slightly less like 117 volts If hot and neutral are reversed then Vcn will become a large number like 117 volts Connecting to 120 V Outlet Adapter Box The 120 V Outlet Adapter Box accessory order number 120ADPa offers a safe convenient and accurate way to monitor voltage in a commercial setting or to evaluate power usage of appliances Figure i 120 Volt Line Adapter Box presents tne connections to the Adapter Box Simply plug the adapter box into a wall socket and then attach the voltage and current leads into PowerSight Each lead is labeled to eliminate errors in connections Fig 3 Connects to the 120 V Line Adapter A Note PowerSight Make sure that the hot and neutral wiring being measured is not reversed If so PowerSight and its attachments will float at 120 V 17 A Note The 120ADPa is rated for continuous duty of up to 15 Arms Do not exceed this continuous load To evaluate the power usage of an appliance simply plug the appliance into the top of the 120 V Outlet Adapter
58. asured to the number determined in the previous step For instance if the total of the average currents was 1000 amps and the average current of the probe on the conductor you wish to use during the actual monitoring session had an average of 26 amps then enter an input ratio for that phase of 0 26 1 Perform steps 1 through 8 for each phase Now connect each probe to the chosen conductor of each phase and begin monitoring All the readings and logged values will be substantially correct Measuring Currents Below the Range of the Current Probe A problem with measuring smaller currents arises when the current to be measured is below the range of the current probe In such cases the current may not be read or the reading may be inaccurate In addition any waveforms that are captured will have excessive noise on them 32 If you are using a flexible current probe you can simply wrap it around the conductor twice in order to double the magnetic field strength This can get it in the measurement range and it boosts the signal to noise ratio If you use this method set the input ratio for the current probe to 2 1 see the Changing Input Ratios in PowerSight section If the current to be measured is small it may be acceptable to open the circuit and insert an extra length of wire thatis K i M wound up into a coil of 10 turns 6 Clamping your current probe around this ly extension coil will boost the signal strength
59. ata is recorded into a file in a plain text format that may be easily imported into spreadsheets databases and word processors In addition PSM has extensive graphing and printing capabilities Only one data log exists within PowerSight at any given time Thus while logging of consumption is proceeding the data log is growing by one record after each log interval When logging is stopped the data log no longer grows but it is still available The data is preserved even if the unit is turned on and off repeatedly While monitoring is in progress asterisks appear on both ends of the bottom line of the display They flash on and off each second to assure you that monitoring is in progress When monitoring stops you are assured that monitoring has ended by the absence of the flashing asterisks Please Note Before you start monitoring verify that PowerSight s wall charger is charging the internal batteries The internal batteries won t operate PowerSight for many hours without assistance Verify that the red charging indicator light is shining through its hole near the DC input jack Basic Consumption Data Logging The basic PowerSight unit logs aspects of energy consumption as described in the previous section There are many different modes of operation and data logging options available to ensure 101 that you can measure and record just about anything you need to To simplify things we provide a default data logging set
60. atively you can hook up to metering PTs and enter their ratios into PowerSight in order to record the primary voltage 141 Overview of the Keypad Functions One of the best features of PowerSight Monitoring Spikes is its user interface A I J surprising amount of Volt Current Power capability is quickly On Off Power available through the Freq f Cycles Factor Demand touch of a button We If ves 1f No Nf have attempted to Accept Reject or J Calibra make the interface ira f i i Admin Decre Print intuitive and flexible Mogg Many functions can be accomplished in several ways PS4000 Keypad Here is a quick overview of the functions of each key Monitoring On Off for starting or stopping of monitoring of consumption or absolute disturbances Spikes for reviewing the results of disturbance monitoring combine it with the More button for more information Harmon for measuring THD and individual harmonics combine it with the More button for more information More for getting more detailed information such as max min avg or estimates of per hour month year after pressing one of the other keys Volt read phase phase or phase neutral true RMS voltage combine it with the More button for more information Current read true RMS current of any phase or neutral combine it with the More button for more information Power read true pow
61. ay Van Volt to display Vbn More to display maximum Vbn More to display minimum Vin and then More to display average Vbn Note that if PowerSight is not monitoring consumption the maximum minimum and average values are the results from the last monitoring session Please note that when PowerSight is operating in 2 current mode Vca is not calculated or displayed and Vbc is presented as Vcb To set PowerSight for reading phase neutral phase phase or DC voltages refer to the Measurement Modes chapter If a connection is not made to the Vn input PowerSight will find the neutral point between all the phases in doing its phase neutral measurements The total harmonic distortion THD of voltages is displayed using the THD function discussed later in this chapter 50 Voltage Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record maximum minimum and average RMS voltage for each phase for each logging period The summary values at the top of the screen are the maximum minimum and average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing consumption waveforms the average RMS of the cycles of the waveform is shown at the top with the average crest factor listed below it The instantaneous value of each point of the waveform can be determined using the vertical scale If a harmonic analysis is displayed the RMS voltage is also listed If trending data is being recorded and PowerSight is operating i
62. characteristics of most other probes on the market are not this good This results in erroneous power and cost measurements and distorted waveforms Please Note To diminish phase shift when measuring small currents it is advisable to clamp onto multiple turns of the same conductor in order to increase the effective current being sensed 10 The HA5 offers two advantages over the HA1000 but these advantages come ata cost Its advantages are that the HA5 is a very small size 5 25 x 2 00 x 1 35 inches and second it offers much greater sensitivity since it reads currents from 20 milliamps to 5 amps as compared to the HA1000 measuring 1 1 000 amps The tradeoff is accuracy The probe has a basic accuracy of 2 and its phase shift varies by frequency and by amplitude All told you can expect to measure current to a nominal 3 accuracy and power and cost to a nominal 4 accuracy using the HA5 probe The HA100 probe is the same compact size as the HA5 The HA100 measures from 0 1 to 100 amps at 2 accuracy Itis a good choice over the HA1000 if you wish to lock PowerSight its leads and current probes inside a power panel that you are monitoring It is also a good choice when small size is important while measuring currents above 5 amps The HA100 is a popular choice for a second set of probes For very large currents and large bus bars we offer the HA3000 the FX3000 and FX5000 The HA3000 is capable of clamping onto cables of up to 2
63. creen specify what log is to be used for the summary report or for the before column of the comparison report If you do not want to use all the records of the log select a starting time and or an ending time in order to discard records outside of those times This can be especially important in comparison reports because you generally want to compare equal before and after timeframes When you are done entering the information click on Next If you are doing a comparison report another Datalog Information screen will appear In this screen specify what log is to be used for the after column of the comparison report Adjust the starting and ending records to use just as you did in the previous screen If you need to go back and amend your previous entries just click on the Back button and make your changes When you are done entering the information of this screen click on Next The next screen is the Log Details screen Each measurement type that can be included in the report has its own checkbox They are organized in a matrix that allows ease of locating a specific signal and ease in enabling or disabling entire columns or phases of them Any checkbox with a check in it will appear in the report i LELLiLitLere i uaan amp LEE iy ex CCCLLLLL f aaaf aaaf CEEECCCE ep aaaaaana aaaf aagaaaaaaF A Se Ow a a 4 t a mi EA 43 EE 117 The Log
64. directions Identifying the unit results in the following being displayed 121 Serial number of the unit its unique identity Ser 00012 Firmware revision level what FW 2 a4 HW 5 00 level of software is active within PowerSight Hardware revision level what level of hardware compatibility it is These identifiers are important in any communications with Summit Technology about your unit Viewing the options that are loaded results in a display such as This display indicates that the Extended Memory option M is Options HLS4M67 active This information may be Press Yes If OK important in communications with Summit Technology Checking the warranty expiration date results in a display such as The date 6 24 07 is the date that the warranty expires on the Warranty Expires product Contact Summit 6 24 07 00 3 0 Technology to extend the warranty prior to that date since re instating the warranty after that date will cost extra The next number is for the use of Summit Technology personnel The final number is the highest level of PowerSight Manager software that the unit is presently eligible to work with Changing the time and date is useful for identifying the demand period for identifying when monitoring began and is used to label each record of the data log To set the time and date press Yes Accept when asked if you wish to change it Then use lt or gt to position the cursor under a dig
65. down for 3 seconds to force a hardware shutdown If this is a recurring problem contact support powersight com 35 Checking out Connections Using PowerSight Importance of Checking Connections and Wiring After connecting to power it is wise to check that everything is connected correctly and that the wiring of the facility is correct There are two primary methods for doing this You may either send waveforms from PowerSight to your PC and visually check that all connections are correct Checking out Connections Using PSM or you can use the Checkout Connections feature within PowerSight to quickly and easily do this The importance of having all connections correct cannot be overstated If connections are not correct important decisions may be made based on erroneous data or monitoring sessions lasting several weeks may have to be repeated Common connection errors and their negative results are Current probe attached backwards Normally if current probes are attached backwards PowerSight senses this and turns them around in software so you still get the correct power readings This is one of the features that makes PowerSight easy to use However if you press the Wave key to save waveforms and a current probe is backwards that current will appear upside down 180 degrees out of phase More importantly if PowerSight is in the Positive Negative Power measurement mode a backwards current probe will have a disastrous ef
66. e Yes not compatible Yes with modification Yes Yes Yes 145 Specifications Size 3 97 10 1cm Wide x 7 75 19 6cm Long x 1 77 4 5cm Deep Weight 1 pound 0 5 kg Environmental Protection IP40 IP44 with CAS W option per IEC 529 Operating Range 0 50 degrees C 32 122 degrees F Relative humidity to 80 non condensing Power Requirement 12 VDC 50 ma wall mount power supply included Internal Ni Cad operates up to 10 hours after overnight charge Voltage Input Range 1 600 Vrms steady state direct input or 600 5 000 Vrms with 5KVP probes or 600 15 000 Vrms with 15KVP probes Display Range 1 6 megavolts using input ratios Accuracy 0 5 of reading 0 2 Vrms below 400V 2 Vrms above 400V Measure Rate Once per second for each input Frequency Response No de rating of accuracy for harmonics through 1500 Hz Current Input Range 0 01 5000 Amps AC or DC with the proper current probe attached With HAS 0 02 5 Amps With HA100 0 1 100 Amps With HA1000 1 1000 Amps With FX3000 10 3000 Amps With FX5000 100 5000 Amps With DC600 5 600 Amps DC 6 autoranges Display Range 1ma 6 megamps using input ratios Accuracy 0 5 of reading plus accuracy of probe Measure Rate Once per second for each input Frequency Response dependent on current probe 146 attached With HA1000 no de rating of accuracy for harmonics through 1500 Hz Frequency Range DC 45 66
67. e HA1000 or HA100 may be acceptable depending on the current level Once the current probes are attached it is best to set the input ratios for each of the current probes see the Setting Input Ratios section This will allow the displayed values and logged values to reflect the primary current level instead of the secondary current level This in turn allows accurate power and cost readings without having to multiply the results times some ratio Remember that these ratios are reset to 1 1 whenever PowerSight is turned off Similarly the PTs take a primary voltage and step it down to a secondary value If the primary voltage is below 600Vrms you will not need to hook up to the PTs in fact there will probably be none present The ratio of the stepping down of the voltage will be printed on the rating plate of the PT Typically this would be 2400 120 20 1 As with the CTs this ratio should be entered into PowerSight see the Setting Input Ratios section to simplify interpreting the results 27 Connections To a 2 CT 2 PT Metering Circuit Figure 10 shows recommended connections to a metering circuit with only 2 CTs or 2 PTs This type of metering circuit may be preferable when cost is an issue less instrument transformers are used or when metering a delta service with no reference to neutral The discussion of the previous section Connection sToa3CT 3 PT Metering Circuit applies to this circuit as well with
68. e between the A phase voltage and all other signals The measurements of true power factor displacement power factor and phase lag angle presented on the PS3000 can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature In addition our Report Generator software will present maximum minimum and average true power factor of each phase and of the total power factor during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent change and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and TPFa is 0 48 during the first interval and 0 48 during the second interval then the report would show Before Change Change 048 048 vots oio 0 0 64 Energy Measurements The energy consumed is defined as the sum of the true power over time E fe xt If measurements are taken every second in units of watts then the KWH consumed during that second is E W 1000 3600 The energy used over a longer time would be the sum of each of these energy measurements of each second rue Useful measurements and estimates of energy are Real energy consumed Reactive energy consumed Estimated energy consumed per hour Estimated energy consumed per month Estimated energy consumed per year The real energy consumed is the amount of energy actually consumed during a period of time such as since monitoring started or during
69. e display is tPFa gt tPFb gt tPFc gt tPFt 60 In any display other than Power Factor and True Power Factor is the norm or Chose to change norm from Displacement to True Power Factor rave tPFt tPFtotal tPF total tPFtotal max min avg Measure Displacement Power Factor User Interface for True Power Factor Measurements The maximum minimum and average power factors of the most recent monitoring session are displayed by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the appropriate power factor For instance if the average power factor of the C Phase is desired press Power Factor to display PFa Power Factor to display PFb Power Factor to display PFc More to display maximum PFc More to display minimum PFc and then More to display average PFc In this way by combining the Power Factor and More keys there are 16 true power factor measurements available The display of true power factor gives an indication if current may be leading or lagging voltage For instance if current lags voltage in phase A the display will read Van la If current leads voltage the display reverses the order and reads la Van If 61 voltage and current are roughly in phase the indication may switch back and forth regularly To get a definite indication of whether current is lagging you need to measure displacement power factor Displacement P F and Phase Measurements in PowerSig
70. e average on time is the average length of time that the unit stays on The average off time is the average length of time that the unit stays off These measurements can be helpful for spotting defective equipment or equipment that is not sized properly for the job A power cycle occurs each time an on to off to on sequence occurs The elapsed power cycles measure is how many power cycles have occurred since monitoring began Based on how many have occurred estimates can be prepared for how many cycles occur per hour per day or per week These measures can be helpful in determining problems with control of a system such as thermostat problems Duty Cycle Power Cycle Measurements in PowerSight If power consumption is being monitored the percent of the time that current is flowing in the A phase is displayed by pressing On Off Cycles The average on time and the average off time are displayed by repeatedly pressing More For instance if you are monitoring a refrigeration unit press On Off Cycles to display how much of the time the compressor is running and then press More to display how long the compressor runs on average The level of current considered to be on is easily set by the user It is a function accessed through the Setup key Using this feature a user could define 2 amps as on and hence anything less than 2 amps as off This would allow minor currents to
71. e enabled or disabled as one of the administrative functions see Administrative Functions When it is enabled pressing No Reject to the Phase Phase voltage mode will result in the choice to accept the 2 current approach Press Yes Accept to enter this mode While in this mode Vbc and Ib will no longer be measured or displayed and Vcb appears in place of Vbc The voltage measurement mode that you choose will stay in effect until you change it It will not be changed by turning PowerSight off Changing the Voltage Measurement Mode in PSM To determine the voltage measurement mode using PSM connect PowerSight to PSM and then either go to the Setup Data menu and read what appears in the Voltage Mode box or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above To change the voltage measurement mode using PSM either go to the Data Setup menu click on the Voltage Mode Voltage Mode Phase Neutral drop down box select the Pires Newel mode that you wish to Vab Veb Onk operate in and then send the new setup to the connected PowerSight meter or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above 84 50 60 400Hz vs DC vs Variable Frequency There are 5 frequency measurement modes in the PS3000 Fixed 50 Hz and DC Fixed 60 Hz and DC Fixed 400 Hz and DC Variable Frequency from 45 66 Hz Variable Frequency from 360 440 Hz These modes allow making measurements
72. ed 94 Make sure that there is a check in the box before the Ete Setinss vis Da line Consumption Data in the Data Types to Receive aa a ooa Poa Marae section Then look for the EJ date seup Waveset Data Type lines Fone These files are the stored Bae waveform sets stored in the annanestie A PowerSight Make sure that avea Da lt 85 the box at the start of the C a aa Hardware amp 30 Warranty Ends 05 25 05 View Ci ji For Use With PSM 3 1 ee sealed Serial Comm enabled line is checked and then click on Receive and View to transfer the waveform set Receive Data Data Types to Receive Data Destination C Receive t View J h to yo ur Fie Path Change File Path iv swells and Dips E S a comp uter I7 High Speed Transients Fie Name Cancel The default Hep Select All Select Ni name of the S aie ries Iai ene be eee e file is 07 06 04 11 07 34 Log psm log r is ea 07 06 04 11 07 34 Swel Dip Log pera ata Records ps m 0 1 wim 07 06 04 11 07 34 Swell Dip RMS Graph psmulg Record 0 Corrections 0 07 06 04 11 07 34_JyansisnhLoo psmtlg O7 16 04 04 3488 Waveset sm wim 07 08 04 13 AESP psm02 wim a oomo 3 Retain Log C Purge Log Remember that waveset1 is special It is an automatic recording of the waveforms at the time that monitoring last began Viewing Waveforms To select a waveform set to view at the main menu click on View Consumption Data or cl
73. ee Phase Wye Connections 20 In a wye system each phase is essentially independent of each other For this reason the power factor of each phase has direct meaning but the total power factor is less meaningful Most commercial wiring and newer industrial wiring is in this wye configuration 21 Connecting to Three Phase Three Wire Delta Power Figure 7 presents the recommended connections to a C Phasey three phase system with voltages referenced to each other instead of to Powersignt neutral This isa delta phase phase or three phase three wire configuration Be sure to follow the safety warnings of the previous sections before making the Fig 7 Recommended Three Phase Delta connections Connections Please Note Do not connect the Vn input to anything when measuring in phase phase measurement mode This may affect the accuracy of the measurements In a delta configuration current flowing in each phase is due to the interaction of 2 different voltages For instance la current is the resultant of Vab and Vca Normally there is no way to determine what portion of the current is due to which voltage For this reason only the total power and total power factor have definite meaning in a delta system However comparing the power factors of each phase can be valuable for spotting a connection problem or problem with the load Delta power is common in motors and older industrial sites
74. eed box As an assistance if you have the wrong speed set for the attached PowerSight PSM will automatically adjust the speed in order to make a successful connection However since this process can take awhile it is always best to have the speed set correctly in the first place You can click on the Language box to change the language of the user interface Clicking on British will result in a European representation of the date date month year and use of L1 L2 and L3 representation of the three line phases Clicking on American will result in a North American representation month date year and the use of A B and C representation of the three phases 127 Putting it all Together Monitoring for the First Time This section is intended to insure that you will be successful in your first and later monitoring attempts There are several ways to start monitoring If you wish to use the default values simply turn the unit on press Monitoring On Off then Yes Accept to indicate that you wish to start monitoring No Reject to indicate you do not want to combine the new log with the existing log inside the unit and then Yes Accept to affirm that you want to erase the old log in the unit Monitoring will then begin and continue until you stop it or turn the meter off The remainder of this chapter assumes that you wish to use the computer to customize or at least check your monitoring settings prior to starti
75. em Loc wem Loc pri x jveF on gt gt G Report at the main menu of sels w PSM or run the program EEIN oa Version 3 0K Jun 24 2003 Report exe located in the ee eom same directory of your ee computer that psm exe is Receive Conaumpion Data installed in The Report Information screen will now be displayed This screen allows you to enter general information that will be printed on the report such as the title of the report and contact information about the preparer of the report so the reader can contact him When you are done entering the information click on Next The Report Type Selection screen will now be displayed You must choose between doing a summary report or a comparison report A summary report provides a concise summary of data from one consumption log This is great for preparing a report of a load study A comparison report compares 116 data from one log to the data of another log Or it compares one section of data of a log to another section of data in the same log This type of report is great for preparing before and after reports fh issiriseainseiansiininaasan to verify energy savings or to prepare ramarna Sem longitudinal reports documenting Pleas how performance or load has changed over time When you are done entering the information click on Next The next screen is a Datalog Information screen In this s
76. er VA or VAR combine it with the More button for more information Energy read energy consumed obtain estimates with the More key Cost read cost of energy consumed obtain estimates with the More key Freq read fundamental frequency combine it with the More button for more information On Off Cycles duty cycle number of on off cycles on time combine it with the More button for more information 142 Power Factor true power factor and displacement power factor combine it with the More button for more information Demand amount of demand and time of peak demand period combine it with the More button for more information Time present time elapsed time time capacity of log combine it with the More button for more information Yes Accept for use in answering questions or accepting entries No Reject for use in answering questions or rejecting entries Incre for incrementing letters or numbers Calibra for setting input ratios and recalibrating the unit Setup for checking if the unit is connected correctly setting trigger thresholds for capturing events logging interval cost of energy on current Admin for identifying serial number hardware software versions installed options or warranty expiration date For changing the time date greeting or 2 current power mode Measure Mode set voltage measurement mode frequency measurement mode power measureme
77. erage Power A phase average Power B phase average Power C phase average Power Factor A phase average Power Factor B phase average 137 Power Factor C phase average Power Factor Total average The results of these tables are not intended for use with other custom log setups Log Interval Default Setup CustomSample Time Capacity Setup Time Capacity 1 second 75 7 minutes 4 3 hours 5 seconds 6 3 hours 21 3 hours 10 seconds 12 6 hours 42 6 hours 15 seconds 18 9 hours 2 7 days 30 seconds 37 8 hours 5 3 days 45 seconds 2 4 days 8 0 days 60 seconds 3 2 days 10 7 days 90 seconds 4 7 days 16 0 days 2 minutes 6 4 days 21 4 days 3 minutes 9 5 days 32 0 days 5 minutes 15 8 days 53 3 days 10 minutes 31 5 days 3 5 months 15 minutes 6 8 weeks 5 3 months 30 minutes 3 1 months 10 5 months 45 minutes 4 7 months 15 8 months 60 minutes 6 2 months 21 0 months 90 minutes 9 4 months 2 6 years 99 minutes 10 3 months 2 9 years Log Capacity 4 450 records 15 344 records 138 Troubleshooting amp Frequently Asked Questions FAQ 1 Why can t connect to the PowerSight Manager software See the PSM Troubleshooting guide on your installation CD or view the guide on our web site www powersight com for detailed help 2 How do I connect to my laptop if it does not have an RS232 serial port You can use buy a USB to Serial communications adapter or a 10 100Base
78. erval then the report would show Before Change Change 47 Disturbance Transient Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight can monitor for voltage or current transients The type of disturbance that is detected in this mode of operation is an absolute transient This is a level of voltage or current that exceeds an absolute threshold The absolute threshold is an instantaneous magnitude that makes no allowance for the underlying waveform For instance if you monitor a 120 Vrms phase neutral system during every cycle the instantaneous voltage will pass from 170V to 170V if it is a perfect sine wave If you set an absolute threshold of 200V if the voltage ever exceeds either 200V or 200V a trigger will occur This means a spike of 30V occurring at the normal peak voltage 170 30 200 would cause a trigger whereas a spike of 200V would be required to cause a trigger when at the zero crossing point of the sine wave 0 200 200 Similarly in a 120Vrms system if you set the trigger level for 160V a trigger will occur twice each cycle since the normal sine wave exceeds this level during each half cycle The PS3000 measures and records the following aspects about disturbances the peak magnitude the absolute value of the worst transient event relative to zero the length of time that the worst transient exceeded the threshold level in 16usec increments the rise time of the worst transient in 16usec increments
79. es in PowerSight Always positive power Negative power allowed 2 current probe approach Most users perform measurements on equipment that is either always consuming power or always generating power However there are cases in which you may wish to measure power use on equipment that is alternatively consuming and generating power like an oil well pump jack Always Positive Power measurement mode and Negative Power Allowed measurement modes are provided to allow ease and accuracy of measurement in both types of situations When PowerSight is shipped from the factory it is set for Always Positive Power measurement mode In a typical setup if you connect a current probe backwards the power for that phase will appear to be negative In Always Positive Power measurement mode PowerSight senses this and automatically turns the current probe backwards in software so that all phases measure positive 87 power This automatic correction is an assistance for our customers allowing them to concentrate on readings rather than connections under most circumstances Accuracy may be slightly better when the probe is oriented correctly but for most measurements this added accuracy is of no significance with PowerSight If current and power readings of the highest accuracy are necessary use the Checkout Connections feature that is discussed earlier in this manual or view the waveforms in order to ensure that current probes are connected correct
80. et Clear Set Clear Set Clear Set All Clear All ve Max Min Al All Ave Max Min All All 7 in Ave MaxMin All All InRow In Row Voltage VOT Current MOO H True Power O VA Power O Power Factor THD Voltage THD Current Frequency Time Date Total or Neutral Phase A Phase B Phase C Set All Clear All Aye ve 4 E E Set All Clear Al Ma ax aaa oag aggaq oooo Set All Clear All Min in 5 EE Bie m ia Ko im KaKa E Be Bee Set All Clear All mwm 250 0002 E BEBE mm O ma E As measurement types are added or removed the capacity of the log is affected If fewer variables are saved then each log record is smaller and thus more records can be stored in the log which means that it will take that much longer to fill the log In the example shown there is a capacity of 14 833 records in the log which combined with the logging period of 3 minutes will take 30 9 days to fill up To make quick changes to the measurement types you can use any of the many speed editing boxes that allow setting or clearing all in a column or in a row or of a type When done modifying the measurement types be sure to click OK and then save the new setup to file and or send it to the connected PowerSight Setting Measurement Modes The measurement modes and how to check and modify them have already been covered earlier in the manual Refer to the Measurement Modes chapter 111 Saving and Retrieving Data Setups to
81. etting the initial greeting of the connected PowerSight Setting the time of the connected PowerSight Setting the cost KWH of the connected PowerSight Selecting the communications port of your computer Selecting the speed of communications of your computer Selecting the language of PSM Enabling serial communications debug mode Remote Control of PowerSight Remote control operation allows operating a connected PowerSight unit from your computer Your mouse and keyboard actuate the keys of the attached PowerSight A picture of the PowerSight and its display are visible on your computer screen This is very handy for operating a unit remotely and for operating and displaying the readings of a unit to many people at one time To enter the remote control mode of pseu ae operation click on Z pono z Remote Control on the gt ae main menu An image Seial Number 41956 D Measurement t Overview of the connected unit will Finare appear At this point you s r S i Data ae eral Frequency Data can activate individual SEE Vow sve ams sued reuregeny Da keys by clicking on them EE Vew Ters with your mouse or by typing in the character that is underlined in the image for instance type in P to activate the Power key Setting up Administrative Features of PowerSight via PSM As aconvenience several of the administrative settings of PowerSight can be set within PSM At the main menu with
82. f the smallest and yet most powerful instruments for measuring and analyzing electric power that exists PowerSight is four instruments in one e adata logger a demand analyzer a harmonics analyzer a disturbance analyzer The philosophy of the product is to give you an instrument that answers just about all of your questions about electric power in a truly convenient size at an attractive price Combined with our PowerSight Manager PSM software the capabilities just multiply Whether your interest is in measuring true power actual cost harmonics power quality Automated report writing Wiring and system analysis or any of 100 basic and advanced measurements of three phase and single phase circuits you ve found your tool of first choice ee o PowerSight puts all the power in the palm of your hand In a Hurry The Basics of Operation If you re in a hurry are experienced and use good sense you can be up and running very quickly 1 Review the section Connections to PowerSight paying special attention to the safety warnings You or the unit can be hurt if you don t do things right Review the section on setting up your PS3000 Custom Data Logging There are many different operating modes and options You don t need to understand them all to get started immediately but it will increase your productivity to understand the options available to you The user interface of your meter is qui
83. fect on the power KWH and cost readings typically the display will present 1 3 of the correct value Voltages and currents of same phase not matched If the Va voltage probe is connected to Va but the la current probe is attached to Ib or Ic large errors will occur in measurement of power and power factor For instance in a perfectly balanced system with 92 power factor and no harmonics if the connections of the la and Ic probes are switched the true power will fall 33 and the power factor of each phase will become 0 12 0 92 and 0 80 36 Current probe not fully connected to PowerSight The current probe connector needs to be fully seated within its socket If it is not the reading may be 0 resulting in a loss of about 1 3 of the power the probe may be misidentified resulting in current readings of a fraction or a multiple of the correct value or the display may say la input too large and PowerSight will refuse respond to the keys of the keypad To visually checkout if all connections are accurate enter PSM the PowerSight Monitor program on your PC connect to PowerSight click on Receive Waveforms at the main menu then click on Snapshot and then Receive and View To use the Checkout Connections feature of PowerSight press the Setup key and then press Yes Accept to the question Checkout Connections Checking out the connections requires making six observations or tests These are
84. fference between the squares of the apparent power and the true power P VAR P 7 P app true When the fundamental voltages and currents are in phase and no harmonic currents are present reactive power is zero Peak demand of the demand period is an important measurement that is covered in the Demand Period Measurements section Power Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired power measurements Total true power watts or KW total reactive power VAR or KVAR and total apparent power VA or KVA measurements are available by simply pressing Power repeatedly The sequence of the display is KW gt KVAR gt KVA If energy consumption is being monitored the maximum minimum and average power is displayed by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the appropriate power type In this way by combining the Power and More keys there are 12 power measurements available 56 Any Display Other Than Power True More Max True More Min True More Avg True Power VA M Max VA More Min VA More Avg VA Power Total Max VAR Avg VAR Power User Interface for Power Measurements For instance if the maximum reactive power is desired press Power to display watts Power to display VAR and then More to display maximum reactive power Power Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record maximum minimum and average true power and apparent power for e
85. g button No matter what method is used to start logging you can always know if PowerSight is logging If logging is in progress there will be flashing asterisks appearing on both ends of the bottom line of the PowerSight display The other methods of starting logging can be set Log Start Mode Don t use zl within the Data Setup Dentu screen by clicking on the Start at time __ Log Start Mode dropdown 107 box First there is the choice of Start now If this is selected when the custom setup is sent to the attached PowerSight it will immediately start logging If you click on Start at time a box will open in which you can set the time and date at which to start logging Once the custom setup is sent to PowerSight that date and time will be stored in the unit until a new date and time are written over it This is a great way to synchronize several PowerSights to start logging at the same time so there data logs can be synchronized It is also a great way to log for a specific number if minutes or hours or days or whatever when combined with the mode of stopping data logging at a specific date and time Finally it is the best way to insure that logging begins and continues in the same timeframe that the utility calculates demand period The final option is Don t Use If this is selected logging can only be started by the user manually directly it to start Stopping Data Logging T
86. ge phases plus three current phases plus neutral current are also not defaults To change the selected variables from the default the Data Setup feature of PSM must be used see Setting Measurement Types The log setup does not change when the unit is turned off The default setup can be recovered at any time refer to the Custom Consumption Data Logging chapter With the default setup the log will contain 4540 records Coupled with the default 3 minute log interval the default data log will hold summary data for the last 9 5 days of energy consumption 3 minutes x 4540 If 15 minute log intervals are used the data log will hold the summary data for the last 47 3 days of logging If logging continues long enough to fill the data log the default is for each new record to be written over the oldest record of the log In this way you could leave a unit logging unattended for months and always have the most recent data available for analysis To have logging stop when the log is full or to set a programmed start or stop time refer to the Custom Consumption Data Logging chapter 103 Receiving Data Log from PowerSight To receive a consumption PomesSight Mase data log from PowerSight Fle Setings ien Data Ylosis Hep the PowerSight unit must be connected to a computer Setup PowerSight Manager Version 3 1T Jun 5 2004 running PSM At the main Ef date seup P4000 menu of PSM the green A Setup Unit Unit Connected Status
87. he 2 current mode by accident it is normally disabled in all new PowerSight units The user is required to enable the feature as an administrative function before the opportunity to operate in that mode is even offered in the user interface Automated Data Reporting Mode Every PowerSight meter has an Automated Data Reporting mode of operation built into it Following power up a single command from a host system can put PowerSight in this mode While in the mode PowerSight reports the relevant RMS voltages PMS currents true power and apparent power information to the host once per second Once started this mode continues until 123 either PowerSight is turned off or a command to exit the mode is received This allows PowerSight to serve as a power data collection monitoring system The summary data is provided in a rigidly defined binary floating point format It is provided without being prompted once per second Refer to our Automatic Data Reporting Mode application note in order to design the host software and interpret the results 124 Other Functions within PSM Introduction In addition to the many power analysis functions of PSM that have been presented in previous chapters there are several other functions available These are functions of convenience functions for setting up attached PowerSight meters and functions for setting up the PSM program They include Operate PowerSight via remote control S
88. he default mode of operation is for PowerSight to not stop logging until it is turned off There are several other modes of operation that can be selected in the Data Setup screen Stop when full instructs PowerSight to stop logging when the log fills up This is helpful if you don t want to lose the data from the beginning of the data logging session and may not be back to get the data before the log fills up Another mode is to select Stop at time If this is selected then a box opens that you can enter a Log Stop Mode Don t stop v Don t stop Stop at time date and time for the logging to end This is helpful if you want logging to end at a specific time or if you want it to end after a specific number of minutes hours days or whatever The option of Don t Stop allows logging to continue even after the log is completely full New data will be written over the oldest data This allows you to leave a unit logging continually and always have the most recent data available for analysis 108 Setting the Consumption Logging Period One of the most important settings is the choice of logging period This is the length of time between the creation of data records This has no effect on the measurement rate or the sampling rate Unlike inexpensive data loggers that only take measurements when a record is created PowerSight measures all its variables every second regardless of the recording rate This
89. he measurement mode has a large effect on the size of the voltage readings For instance in a three phase 120 volt phase neutral wye system the voltage measurements in phase phase mode will be 208 volts 120 x 3 Similarly a three phase 480 volt phase phase delta system will display 277 volts 480 43 if it is measured in phase neutral mode How to change the measurement mode is described in the Measurement Modes chapter At this point examine the voltage measurements to see if their size seems correct In single phase measurements as described in the Connecting to Single phase Power section typically the measurement mode is phase neutral Hot neutral is generally 120V in North America 100V in Japan and 230V everywhere else Ground neutral should be no more than a few volts Larger ground neutral readings probably mean that the neutral is under heavy load there is a faulty neutral ground bond there is a high resistance neutral connection or the ground wire is floating If two hot s are connected as in figure 3 you may wish to be in phase phase measurement mode so that Vab reads 240V as is typically used for heavier residential loads in North America In this case Voc and Vca should each read 120V In a three phase phase neutral system all three voltages should be roughly the same Typical values in North America are 69 120V 208 277 and 346V When using 5KVP probes on a 4160V circuit the typical value is 2400V When usi
90. he mode to one of the fixed frequency modes Voltage mode Phase Phase Power mode Always positive Unless you are dealing with the unusual presence of regenerative power this is the recommended mode to operate in Inputs configured for input ratios of 1 1 Measurement types standard set of 52 variables The default set of measurement types are the maximum the minimum and the average of the following variables voltage from A phase to neutral phase neutral mode voltage from B phase to neutral phase neutral mode voltage from C phase to neutral phase neutral mode voltage from A phase to B phase phase phase mode 102 voltage from B phase to C phase phase phase mode voltage from C phase to A phase phase phase mode current in A phase current in B phase current in C phase current in neutral true power in A phase true power in B phase true power in C phase VA power in A phase VA power in B phase VA power in C phase true power factor of A phase true power factor of B phase true power factor of C phase fundamental frequency In addition the time date of each data record is recorded There are more measurement types than the default set of 52 The maximum minimum and average of total true power of total VA power and of total true power factor are not defaults but the averages are derived by PSM from the individual phases when the log is displayed The seven THD measurements three volta
91. hen press Yes Accept when the desired measurement mode is displayed 88 The power measurement mode that you choose will stay in effect until you change it It will not be changed by turning PowerSight off Changing the Power Measurement Mode in PSM To determine the power measurement mode using PSM connect PowerSight to PSM and then either go to the Setup Data menu and read what appears in the Power Mode box or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above To change the power measurement mode using in PSM either go to the Data Setup menu click on the Power Mode drop down box select the mode that you wish to operate in Power Mode Always Ponve and then send the new setup to the connected PowerSight meter or operate in Remote Control mode and press the key combinations described above Always Positive Negative Allowed Defining Inputs All current probes used by PowerSight are self identifying so they are automatically calibrated to the unit when they are plugged in This is a convenience a time saver and a protection against making errors in measurements There are occasions where the input does not represent what it actually is In these cases the user needs to define the inputs for PowerSight or for PSM The chief need for defining inputs is to enter in input ratios for voltage or current There are several occasions when this is necessary The most common occurs when monito
92. here this is the case are 25 PowerSight Fig 9 Recommended Connections to 3 CT 3 PT Metering Circuit the CTs current transformers and PTs potential transformers of the metering circuit are readily accessible for connecting to whereas the actual load carrying cables are not the conductors carrying the load are physically too large for your current probes to fit around them 26 the load current is too large to be read by the current probes you have the voltage delivered to the load exceeds the 600V insulation limit of the current probes the voltage delivered to the load exceeds the 600Vrms rating of PowerSight and you do not have other high voltage probes A typical metering circuit showing PowerSight connected is shown in figure 9 This circuit has three CTs and if higher voltage is present may have three PTs It is typical for metering a three phase four wire wye type service The currents flowing to the load are considered the primary currents Those currents are stepped down by each CT to a secondary current according to the ratio of the CT printed on its rating plate A typical value would be 600 5 120 1 The output of each CT must have some burden across it for the secondary current to flow The current probes of PowerSight are clamped around the secondary of each CT Make sure to use current probes that are suited for accurate measurement in the 0 5 amp range The HA5 is best for this Th
93. his equipment in a manner not specified by Summit Technology can result in injury and voiding of warranty Table of Contents Introducing POWerSight ssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 7 In a Hurry The Basics of Operation 0 000 8 Connecting to PowerSight ssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 9 Voltage Test Leads etcnctcscahiecvecenactecuntetecteahsecettemaedeidisetevtendicesmuecs Heed 9 Curent Probes sasra aaO lites date AEAEE EEEa EE arate deste 10 Connections to PowerSight cccccceeeceeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeeaeeteaes 12 Introduction to Power Delivery Configurations cccccseeeeeee 14 Connecting to Single phase POWer cccssccecesseeeeessteeeeessneeeeeeees 16 Connecting to 120 V Outlet Adapter Box cccceeeceteeeeeeseeeeeneeeeees 17 Connecting to Multiple Single phase Loads ccccceeeeeeseeeeees 18 Connecting to Split Phase Two Phase POWET csccccsssseeeeeees 19 Connecting to Three Phase Four Wire Wye Power nsss 20 Connecting to Three Phase Three Wire Delta Power 08 22 Connecting to Three Phase Four Wire Delta Powet c0cceee 23 Connecting to Three Phase Grounded Delta Powel c0cccee8 23 Connections Using 2 Current Approach 0 cccccceeseeeeseeeeeseeeeeneeeeeees 24 Connections To a3 CT 3 PT Metering Circuit eects 25 Connections To a2 CT 2 PT Metering Circui
94. ht 06 80 Measurement Modes ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 82 Introducing Measurement Modes c ccceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeenaeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaas 82 Phase Neutral vs Phase Phase vs 2 Current Mode 0 0cceseee 82 Changing the Voltage Measurement Mode in PowerSight 84 Changing the Voltage Measurement Mode in PSM cccceceeeees 84 4 50 60 400Hz vs DC vs Variable Frequency cc ceeeeeeeeeteeeeseeeeees 85 Changing the Frequency Measurement Mode in PowerSight 86 Changing the Frequency Measurement Mode in PSM 000 87 Always Positive Power versus Negative Power Allowed 05 87 Changing the Power Measurement Mode in PowerSight 05 88 Changing the Power Measurement Mode in PSM ccccssseeeeeeees 89 Defining MPS ier das seBeeude T REA RAE 89 Changing Input Ratios in PowerSight essseeseeeseeesseessressrnssrnssrnsssnene 91 Changing Input Ratios in PSM ou ccccccceessseeeeesseeeeeessteeeeeeesneeeenees 91 Voltage amp Current Waveforms s ccccceeesseeseeeeeeeteeees 93 Inroddu a Feds ch epac tet aaa taa aa A Taa aa E a EELA AAE ee ees eed 93 Saving Consumption Waveforms ccccceccceeesteeeeseeceeeeesseeeteeeeeaes 93 Receiving Stored Consumption Waveforms eesseeseeesseeeeere ee 94 Viewing WaveformS eessesssseessesssesssesssntssntsnerrntnrnntrnnsrnnsrnnernnnnnnet 95
95. ht PowerSight performs all commonly desired displacement power factor measurements The displacement power factors of the A B and C Phases can be displayed To view displacement power factor press Power Factor If the display says Displacement P F then pressing Power Factor repeatedly will allow you to view the displacement power factors of the A B and C Phases If the display says True P F then press Power Factor four more times until it says Displacement P F Calculation Press Yes Accept Now as before pressing Power Factor repeatedly will allow you to view the displacement power factor of each phase The sequence of the display is dPFa gt dPFb gt dPFc If you wish to know the actual phase lag of current in degrees press More For instance if you wanted to see how much the C phase current lags behind the C phase voltage press Power Factor to display dPFa Power Factor to display dPFb Power Factor to display dPFc and then More to display the phase lag of phase C 62 In any display other than Power Factor and Displacement Power Factor is the norm or Chose to change norm from True to Displacement Power Factor Phase Angle A dPFb Phase Angle B dPFb Phase Angle C Measure True Power Factor User Interface for Displacement Power Factor Measurements In this way by combining the Power Factor and More keys there are 6 displacement power factor and phase angle
96. iate monitoring The benefit of doing this is you can always retrieve a look at what the waveforms were like when monitoring began To use PSM to capture a waveform set and have it Dae an area stored in the connected psano E PowerSight meter click on eee 5 ee View Attached Signals Remote Conrol at the main eee Bi vernon menu and then click on the ma Unt 8 le bca Wave key of the representation of the PowerSight keyboard on the screen When PSM is connected to Eeoa PowerSight you can also capture a waveform set at any given moment by Hoots snno Hamono clicking on the View Attached Signals T button on the Main Menu A waveset captured this way is immediately stored in the PC and shown on the screen It does not affect waveform sets stored on the PowerSight meter that is Se ee attached It is a Version 317 Jun 5 2004 roe PS4000 7 ee convenient way of viewing Le E the signals that are attached repeatedly Serial Number 41356 Unit 65 Firmware 3 2F Hardware 6 30 Receiving Stored Consumption Waveforms Waveform sets that are stored inside of a connected PowerSight can be received by PSM in either of two ways At the Main Menu you can either click on the Receive Data button or on the Data dropdown button and then Receive Data In either case the Receive Data menu will open and all the different types of data files in the connected PowerSight will be display
97. ick on View and then View Consumption Data or click on File PESZE and then View Consumption Data Any of these approaches will result in voor thar ne the View Consumption Data screen go mas being shown In the Types to View ERT k i freee section click on Stored Waveforms eee Smii Number 41355 if necessary to select that choice A heme ccd list will appear of all wavesets located tafe ead in the directory shown in the Look In mone Earn box If you wish to look in a different CEET 95 directory use the standard _ Windows methods for Pe ee changing the directory that is shown Next select a specific waveset by double clicking on it When you select a waveset to view the Select Signals to View window pops open You make a primary Select Signals to View choice of voltage Primary Choice r Secondary Choice current or voltage IE ea saar coca and current and goo 2Vbn Ceara then youm akea C Voltage and Current 3 en secondary choice of which phase or phases to view then click on Ok There is a wealth of features related to viewing and analyzing waveforms Voltage and current can be viewed together and De i See ow aj i sisi J Sj 8 sji ma saeg m Eas e ry OPE multiple phases of signals can be viewed together Portions of waveforms can be zoomed into a
98. ick on the line you wish to change and make the change Be sure to click OK when you are done and save the data setup to a file and or to PowerSight As an example suppose you wish to record the primary of a permanently installed CT while clamped onto the secondary with your la current probe Get to the Input Configuration screen and double click on the la row If the J ratio of the CT is Change any parameter 600 5 simply Cancel enter 600 in the Type current first column and 5 primary secondary in the second column of Input Ratio If the ratio also applies to other inputs enter them at this time too Click on OK when done Description Note Once it is entered an input ratio is kept for the specified inputs until you change the ratio again The default ratios for PowerSight are set to 1 1 92 Voltage amp Current Waveforms Introduction Waveforms are very different from logs and other graphs A waveform is the most basic direct measurement It displays the instantaneous levels of voltage and current as they continually vary as you see on an oscilloscope All other measurements are derived from them Even the RMS measurements of voltage and current are derived from these basic samples Logs on the other hand plot measurements that are derived from the basic sampling They generally have no relation to what is occurring at a specific instant of time So although bo
99. ing in phase phase mode The power factor and power reading for each phase are not necessarily accurate This is not due to any accuracy problem with PowerSight Instead it is the result of each phase s current being the result of two different phase phase voltages whereas a phase s power and power factor calculations rely on only one of the phase phase voltages Therefore although the power factor and power readings have diagnostic value they are not true representations of the actual power factor or power being used for a given phase Nevertheless the measurements that count most the total power factor and total power are correct in phase phase mode This result may seem surprising given that the individual phase measurements are not exact but the mathematics of combining three equations with three unknowns results in correct total power factor and total true power measurements 83 Changing the Voltage Measurement Mode in PowerSight To determine which voltage measurement mode PowerSight is in simply press the Measure Mode key of PowerSight and read the display To change the voltage measurement mode from what is displayed press the No Reject key and then press Yes Accept when the desired measurement mode is displayed Normally the 2 current approach is disabled when PowerSight is shipped to customers When disabled the choice for operating in this mode will not even be given when pressing the Measure Mode key It can b
100. input Vn They are presented as Van Von and Vcn A phase phase voltage reading is the difference in potential between two phase inputs They are presented as Vab Vbc and Vca 82 Wye systems are usually measured using phase neutral voltages Delta systems are usually measured using phase phase voltages On occasion you may wish to measure phase phase voltages in a wye system if the equipment that you are monitoring bridges two hot voltages like a single phase air conditioner running at 240 V In a perfectly balanced three phase system the phase neutral voltage is equal to the phase phase voltage divided by the square root of 3 Vpn Vpp 1 732 In practice systems are usually not balanced but this gives an idea of what voltage to expect as you change the voltage mode from phase phase to phase neutral There is a third voltage measurement mode that may be active in your unit It is the 2 current mode or the Vab Vcb only mode In this mode only two phase phase voltages are used and displayed The 2 current mode actually involves a different method of measuring power and therefore is actually a different power measurement mode but since it is independent of the other power measurement modes and yet is an alternative to the other two voltage measurement modes it is treated as a voltage measurement mode When in this mode only Vab and Vcb not Vbc or Vca are measured and displayed It is important to note a limitation of operat
101. is no simple formula for estimating the capacity of a data log but there is a simple way of determining the capacity by entering their PowerSight Manager PSM software and clicking on the Data Setup button on the main menu At the upper lt lt O Log Capacity Extended A left of the Data Setup window esta AION will be the number of records Recai aoin that can fit in the log and the O amount of time it will take to fill a ee the log If any of the logging Log Stat Mode Start mancaliy z parameters are changed on the Fi see MoE DANT ato al screen the effect on capacity Mma Po S a will be immediately updated Power Mode Always positive When the capacity is pi acceptable it can be sent to the connected PowerSight unit or stored to file for later use This is an easy and general purpose way of determining log capacity The following tables provide log capacities for a variety of logging intervals if you use either the Default setup for PowerSight or a custom setup created just for comparison purposes This illustrative setup is typical of one intended for general logging of power It is called CustomSample The CustomSample setup has only the following variables selected using the data setup feature Time Date Voltage A phase average Voltage B phase average Voltage C phase average Current A phase average Current B phase average Current C phase average Current Neutral av
102. is reported as a percent and is updated each second Harmonic magnitude of odd harmonics through the 25th can be displayed on the unit by repeatedly pressing the More key Combining the Harmon key with the More key 119 harmonic measurements are available on the PowerSight display Harmonic Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record the average THD F of each phase of voltage and each phase of current for each logging period The summary values at the top of the screen are the average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing a consumption waveform transforming it into a harmonic graph presents a bar chart showing the relative magnitude of each of the first 50 harmonics The THD F is listed at the lower right Transforming a consumption waveform into harmonic data presents a chart of the magnitudes and phase angles of each harmonic The THD F and K factor are also listed 79 The measurements of voltage presented on the PS3000 can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature In addition our Report Generator software will present average THD F for voltage and current of each phase during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If the use of two time intervals is chosen it will report the percent change and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and THD F of Van is 4 8 during the first interval and 4 7 during the second int
103. is very important when logging power since loads typically vary greatly and quickly The default setting for logging period is 3 minutes This means that after 180 measurements 180 seconds are in 3 minutes a record is made containing all the measurement types specified by the setup If maximum power is one of the measurement types then the maximum power of all of the cycles during the preceding 180 seconds will be recorded into the log Since the data log fills up one record at a time if the logging period is set for a large number it will take quite a long time to fill the log whereas if it is set fora small number it can be filled ns much faster The log capacity iee seo Y is displayed in the upper left of na an the Data Setup menu just scion Soe above the selection area for Dri logging period In the example og Stop Mode Don t stop shown the logging period is Input Frequency Variable 45 66Hz set for 3 minutes and the time Voltage Mode Phase Neutral E to completely fill the log is dig E 9 458 days Choose Measurement Types To change the logging period from minutes to seconds or from seconds to minutes click on the Units button To change the number of minutes or seconds simply change the number to what you want When you are satisfied you can save the custom setup to a file or send it to the attached PowerSight 109 Setting Measurement Types In addition to the
104. it that you wish to change Repeatedly press Incre or Decre until the digit is what you wish it to be Do this for each digit you wish to change and then press the Yes Accept key to save the new time or date 122 Pen ee Changing the initial display Power sight z or greeting is Help accomplished by using lt or gt and Incre and Decre to modify individual characters This approach although tedious is effective in eS Spikes Harmonies customizing the instrument e se Voltage Current Power Energy for your use If the PC i _ o Control Analysis Option is onor Power Demand Freq gt available the greeting may a i Gillie aa be quickly typed directly into m No ai ia the PC and then sent to a ai a PowerSight via the Admin Measg communications cable When repeatedly pressing Incre the sequence that a character goes through is A gt B gt C gt gt X gt Y gt Z gt gt a gt b gt c gt gt x gt y gt z gt 0 gt 1 gt 2 gt gt 7 gt 8 gt 9 gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt amp Pressing Decre modifies the character in the opposite direction Enabling Disabling the 2 current approach also known as the 2 wattmeter power method is left at the end of the choices since it is unlikely to ever by used The advantages and disadvantages of the 2 current mode were presented in the Measurement Modes section To avoid the confusion that results from operating in t
105. it was OK to suspend monitoring If you press Yes Accept then monitoring stays suspended You are reminded of this fact by the exclamation marks remaining on continuously on the bottom display line You can now obtain any measurement and perform most functions without limitation If you had pressed No Reject PowerSight would have immediately returned to disturbance monitoring and the exclamation marks would have resumed blinking While monitoring is suspended pressing Spike causes the summary display to appear This states how many transients exceeded the threshold that you set when monitoring began Pressing More repeatedly displays information about the worst transient that was detected The worst transient is defined to be the one with the largest magnitude Pressing More the first time displays the peak magnitude of the worst transient Pressing More again displays the duration of the transient in microseconds usecs Pressing More again displays the rise time of the transient in microseconds Pressing More one 114 more time displays the time of day that the transient occurred The date that it occurred flashes on the screen every few seconds When you wish to resume monitoring press Monitoring On Off PowerSight will ask if you wish to resume monitoring Press Yes Accept and the disturbance summary is displayed and the exclamation marks resume flashing Any new transients are added to the old
106. ive Functions section The time capacity of the log is how much time it will take to fill the consumption log This is under your control by changing the variables selected to be recorded using the Data Setup feature of PSM see the Setting Measurement Types section The elapsed time of monitoring is how long the unit has been monitoring Generally this is how much time is recorded in the log If the log fills up and logging continues writing over the oldest data the elapsed time keeps increasing even though the logged time quits increasing This means that the maximums minimums and averages displayed on PowerSight may be different from 74 those in the log since the monitoring session is for a longer period of time than the logging session The time remaining to fill the consumption log is how much longer the logging session can continue before the log is filled and logging either stops or begins writing over the oldest data The record capacity of the log is how many records can be recorded before the log fills The default number for consumption logging is 4540 records This number can be changed by changing the variables selected to be recorded in the log using the Data Setup feature of PSM see the Setting Measurement Types section or by allocating more or less memory to consumption logging The number of records used in the log is a display of how many records have been saved since logging began When displayed it wi
107. l be Vab Voc and Vca Vab is the voltage potential between the A and B phases Changing the measurement mode has a large effect on the size of the voltage readings For instance in a three phase 120 volt phase neutral wye system the voltage measurements in phase phase mode will be 208 volts 120x V3 Similarly a three phase 480 volt phase phase delta system will display 277 volts 480 13 if it is measured in phase neutral mode How to change the voltage measurement mode is described in the Phase Neutral vs Phase Phase vs 2 Current Mode section Next are the sizes of all three phases about the same except when connected to a 4 wire delta while in phase neutral measurement mode Are they the expected size The RMS value of each waveform is listed in the heading of the graph such as Vab in the example with 469 2 beneath it indicating that Vab 469 2 volts Check Voltage Phase Sequence Using PSM PowerSight Manager 3ph pp wm While still Beso He viewing all v 8 malej 2 2 2 A File C xx 3ph pp wim voltage waveforms of a three A B C Sequence phase system notice in what order they reach their peak value Normally the order i seis 150 me 250 a sa o a a0 should be A B C In other words the hanes level of the Van or Vab waveform will be followed next by the highest level of the Vbn or Voc waveform which will be followed by the highest level of the Vcn or Vca wa
108. l frequency When graphed the summary values at the top of the screen are the maximum minimum and average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing consumption waveforms if a harmonic analysis is presented the fundamental frequency is presented The measurements of frequency presented on the PS3000 can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature In addition our Report Generator software will present maximum minimum and average frequency during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent change and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and the average frequency is 48 0 Hz during the first interval and 47 8 Hz during the second interval then the report would show Botore ater linnsCnange craras Hz Frequency Avg 48 0 47 8 Duty Cycle Power Cycle Measurements Some electric loads such as air conditioning units typically turn on and off routinely It can be helpful to know how often the equipment is running and how often it turns on and off Relevant measurements of this type are Duty cycle Average On time Average Off time Elapsed power Cycles Estimated power cycles per hour 72 Estimated power cycles per day Estimated power cycles per week Duty cycle measured in percent is what portion of the time a unit is turned on Th
109. librate voltage for the PS3000 press Calibra then press No Reject twice to get to the display Calibrate Voltage Then press Yes Accept and it asks which input the voltage will appear on Press Yes Accept or No Reject until you accept the correct input Attach the highly accurate 120 0Vrms and enter that number in using the keypad then press Yes Acceptl To calibrate current for the PS3000 press Calibra then press Yes Accept to the display Calibrate Current Have one current probe attached Press Yes Accept and it asks which input the current will appear on Press Yes Accept or No Reject until you accept the correct input Measure the highly accurate 200 0 Arms and enter that number in using the keypad then press Yes Acceptl Setup Functions Several functions used in setting up measurements are available using the Setup key They include checkout of connections and wiring setting the log interval setting the utility rate setting the on off current level The Checkout Connections feature is discussed in two separate chapters in this manual Checking out Connections using PowerSight and Checking out Connections using PSM 120 To review the log interval of the PS3000 press Setup two times The present setting will be displayed To change this setting press No Reject and then follow the instructions to enter the new log interval When the new interval is entered correctly press
110. ll always be accompanied by the record capacity of the log The time and date that monitoring began is the internal clock reading of when monitoring began If the unit is enabled to do logging the first record will be recorded one logging period after this start time The programmed start time of monitoring is a time and date that is programmed in the Data Setup feature of the PSM software see the Starting Data Logging section When the clock inside PowerSight reaches that time and date monitoring begins and the old log is erased The programmed stop time of monitoring is a time and date that is programmed by the Data Setup feature of the PSM software see the Stopping Data Logging section When the clock inside PowerSight reaches that time and date monitoring is stopped Time and Capacity Measurements in PowerSight These various time and capacity measurements are displayed by pushing the Time and or More key repeatedly as shown below 75 In any display except Time once each 6 seconds __ Present Date ie or tors Elapsed Time _ once each 6 seconds y Elapsed Date ime or org Time to Fill Log once each 6 seconds Records Used Total ine or a Monitoring Start Time eae Monitoring Start Date ine or te Programmed Start Time once each 6 seconds programmed Start Date or More Programmed Stop Time _0nce each 6 seconds programmed Stop Date User Interface for Time and Capacity Measurements
111. ly If you need to monitor equipment that alternately consumes and generates power you need to select the Negative Power Allowed measurement mode In this mode positive and negative power readings for each phase are accepted and are combined to find the net power usage Depending on the result positive or negative power energy and cost results may be displayed When negative power measurements are allowed it is necessary to have all current probes connected properly Use the Checkout Connections feature or view all the waveforms before taking measurements Failure to do so will typically result in power readings 1 3 of the correct value The 2 Current Probe mode also known as 2 wattmeter mode is a method of calculating total power using only 2 current probes and 2 phase to phase voltages This power measurement mode is discussed in the Voltage Measurement Mode section since it has direct effects on the measurement and display of voltages Changing the Power Measurement Mode in PowerSight To determine which power measurement mode PowerSight is in simply press the Measure Mode key three times and read the display If PowerSight is in Always Positive Power measurement mode the display will read Power Readings Always Positive If PowerSight is in Negative Power Allowed measurement mode the display will read Negative Power Readings Allowed To change the power measurement mode from what is displayed press the No Reject key and t
112. mbines different types of measurements such as when displaying voltage and current there will be a vertical name and metric on the left side and a different one on the right side of the graph The horizontal axis is usually time Logs have time and date stamps to help determine when events occurred and how long they lasted Other graphs and waveforms have metrics of seconds or milliseconds 133 All graphs and waveforms have a time and date stamp In the case of consumption logs the left most timestamp is when the displayed data began All graphs and waveforms have data that is displayed The heading tells which signal ae z or measurement is si sik associated with which data The color of the heading is the same as the color of the data presentation 1 Summary data is displayed on all graphs and waveforms a For a consumption log the summary data for a specific heading depends on the measurement If it is an average the summary is the average of all the values shown If it is a minimum it is the minimum of all the values shown If it is a maximum it is the maximum of all the values shown If it is an energy kWh it is the final point shown the energy consumed during the time displayed b For a consumption waveform the summary for a specific signal is the RMS value and crest factor of the signal The power and power factor of the phase or phases is also shown at the right 2 Information specific to the positi
113. me period If itis an average like Voltage A Phase Avg the value is the average over the before timeframe If it is a maximum like Voltage A phase Max it is the maximum over the before timeframe If it is an estimate like Cost estimated per month it is an estimate of what the value would be for one month if the before data continued for the entire month After the Before column is the After column This provides the summaries for the measurement types during the timeframe of the after data The next column is a statement of the units 118 associated with the before and After columns For instance the Units for voltage measurement types is volts The next column is the Change in the value of the After column from the data in the Before column The values of this column use the same units as the Before and After columns such as 20 Ton An Handler Before Upgrade After Upgrade ile C xxtSAMPLE 1 LOG File C xxtSAMPLE1 LOG est began at 9 23 02 10 17 00 Test began at 9 24 02 13 55 00 est ended at 9 23 02 22 15 00 Test ended at 9 25 02 1 55 00 ore After Units oltage A Phase Ave 269 0 volts oltage B Phase Ave 272 2 volts oltage C Phase Ave 269 5 volts urrent A Phase Ave 149 amps urrent B Phase Ave 14 4 amps urrent C Phase Ave F 149 amps otal True Power J 101412 Watts otal VA Power s 11957 5 VA
114. n phase neutral voltage measurement mode the average Van Vbn and Vcn voltages for each second will be displayed and recorded each second If in phase phase voltage measurement mode the average Vab Vbc and Vca voltages for each second will be displayed and recorded each second The measurements of voltage presented on PowerSight can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature In addition our Report Generator software will present maximum minimum and average voltage of each phase during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent change and the actual change between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and Vab average is 480 V during the first interval and 478 V during the second interval then the report would show Botore atter Uns Voltage A phase Avg The total harmonic distortion THD of voltages is displayed using the THD function discussed later in this chapter Current Measurements Current is the flow of charged particles usually electrons through a point Current is measured in units of amps which is short for 51 amperes and its symbol is commonly I In AC circuits current often varies continuously and always reverses direction In DC circuits it is usually steady and never reverses direction If the current changes in a repeating fashion then it is called a periodic function The
115. n skip this step Turn PowerSight on Enter PSM and note that PSM has successfully connected to PowerSight This will be clear by the box on the main menu with the words Unit Connected appearing within a large green banner Note that the box also says Serial Comm enabled and Datalogging enabled We recommend that you either run through the checkout connections feature explained in the Checking out Connections using PowerSight section or take a snapshot of 129 the waveforms and look at them for errors if you have a computer handy as described in the Checking out Connections using PSM section If you intend to have PowerSight start monitoring by direct command via the keypad or via PSM this is the time to do it Otherwise it will start when the programmed start time occurs When satisfied that all is correct download waveset1 from PowerSight see the Receiving Stored Consumption Waveforms section giving it a unique filename so you have a record of the signals just prior to starting logging Wavesett1 is stored inside PowerSight automatically when you start monitoring When you are done logging capture another set of waveforms giving it a unique name Combining this waveset with the one that was captured when logging began gives a before and after picture of the power for use in later presentations or as a troubleshooting aid if the data log appears to contain bad data 130 Working with Graphs and Waveforms
116. nd 60 Hz power operating off 100 to 600 Vrms input single phase or three phase All this versatility is obtained without setting switches or changing connections The LDC is especially convenient when monitoring in areas where 120 V outlets are not readily available The internal batteries are automatically charged when the wall mount supply is connected to the unit or when PowerSight is connected to the LDC accessory The internal batteries are not to be replaced by the user Only batteries provided by Summit Technology are to be used in PowerSight 34 Turning PowerSight On Simply press the red push button switch on the front panel and PowerSight will be operating pressing the button again turns the unit off The message that the meter is performing a system test will appear for a few seconds and then the greeting will appear You can change this greeting at any time by following the directions in the administrative functions that are accessed by pressing the Admin key Please note that turning PowerSight on does not automatically start monitoring and logging Refer to the Putting it all Together Monitoring for the First Time section for how to start monitoring and logging Turning PowerSight Off To turn PowerSight off simply press the red push button switch on the front panel This provides a graceful software firmware shutdown If pressing the button briefly does not turn the meter off press and hold the push button
117. nd panned left right or up down Refer to the Working with Graphs and Wavefoms section to learn more about available presentation and 96 analysis features You can easily transform any waveform into either a graph of harmonic data or a view the raw data for each harmonic and K factor To convert a waveform PowerSiaht Manager SHpMotor wim time domain representation into a harmonic graph frequency domain representation click on the RMS Vale 206 5 Harmonic Graph icon or click on Penne Ser View then Harmonic Graph 500 0 To transform a waveform into harmonic data either click on the Harmonic Data icon or click on View then Harmonic Data You have the choice of viewing the amplitudes of individual harmonics as either RMS amplitudes Vrms or Arms or as a percentage of the magnitude of the fundamental harmonic the fundamental is always 100 as large as itself To change to magnitude or to percentage click on the little box to the right of the harmonics icons PowerSicht Manager 5HpMotor_wfm To transform back from one of the harmonic presentations into a waveform presentation either click on the Waveform icon or click on nines GS eet es View then Waveform Crest Factor LS 15 You can easily display a phasor PowerSiaht Manager 5HpMotor_wfm diagram of the signals by either clicking on the phasor icon or clicking on View
118. ne of the angle of phase lag of the current No amount of harmonic filtering will raise this power factor because it has no relationship to harmonics True power factor is 1 00 fora purely DC system Displacement power factor is actually not a power factor measurement It is the cosine of the number of degrees that the current of the fundamental frequency lags the voltage of the fundamental frequency DPF cos where is the phase lag of current To do this measurement properly PowerSight uses Fast Fourier Transform FFT analysis to separate the harmonic currents and voltages from the fundamental current and voltage and to do a precise measurement of the angle between those fundamentals The resulting phase angle is then transformed using its inverse cosine to obtain the displacement power factor This value is useful for deciding how much capacitance to add to a circuit to bring current into phase with voltage thereby raising the displacement power factor Displacement power factor is 1 00 for a purely resistive load or a DC system and drops down as the reactive power increases True power factor can be determined for each phase and for the total power Terms for these measures are TPFa TPFb TPFc TPFt The total power factor is not the total of these individual power factors it is the ratio of the total true power over the total apparent power Typically all four power factor measurements are similar in magnitude
119. nerally if you chose two or more phases the averages of each of the phases 105 will be graphed If you chose one phase to view the maximum minimum and average of the phase measurement will be graphed To learn ways to manipulate interpret and present the data for better data analysis or improved presentation refer to the chapter on Working with Graphs and Wavefoms 106 Custom Consumption Data Logging Introduction PowerSight has many optional ways of operating that allow you to accomplish almost any type of power logging task you may wish to do It does this by allowing you to make choices in the areas of when or how to start logging when or how to stop logging how often to create records what data measurement types to include in the log what voltage measurement mode to operate in what frequency measurement mode to operate in what power measurement mode to operate in how to define the inputs Each of these general areas will be covered in the following sections The collection of choices that are made on how to operate is called a setup file You can use the default setup file supplied by Summit Technology or you can create store and retrieve your own Starting Data Logging There are several methods to initiate data logging One method if PowerSight is connected to a PC is to click on the Data Setup button on the main menu of PSM and then clicking on the Start Loggin
120. ng 15KVP probes on a 12 500V circuit the typical value is 7200V In a three phase phase phase connection all three voltages should be roughly the same Typical values in North America are 120 240 480 600 4160 using 5KVP probes or connected to PT 38 secondaries while using input ratios and 12 500V using 15KVP probes or connected to PT secondaries while using input ratios If one of the phases has a center tap midway through it and the center tap is connected to neutral this is a four wire or center tap delta service Depending on the load being monitored it may be best to measure a center tap delta system in phase neutral measurement mode Typical readings on a 240V center tapped delta service in phase neutral measurement mode would be 120V on two of the phases and 208V on the third phase The voltage readings of this test are updated each second When the readings appear to be correct press Yes Accept to move on to the next test Check Voltage Phase Sequence Using Checkout Connections In a three phase system each of the three voltage phases is 120 degrees out of phase with the other two phases This means that if one phase reaches its peak at one instant the next phase will reach its peak 120 degrees later and the third phase will reach its peak 240 degrees after the first the first will again reach its peak 360 degrees after its last peak This provides for the smooth supply of three phase power Certain l
121. ng monitoring The computer must be running the PowerSight Manager PSM software that comes with the meter and the computer must be connected to the PowerSight using the communications cable that comes with the meter There are three ways to start logging PowerSight can start immediately by command of PSM can start at a time and date set by PSM or can start when turned on and connected to power If you wish PSM to command PowerSight to start logging then you must have the computer with you when you connect PowerSight up for logging The other methods can be set up at another time and location and then PowerSight can be transported to the site of logging The first step is to set up or check the parameters for logging 1 Hookup PowerSight to the computer using the communications cable supplied with PowerSight 2 Enter PSM and note that PSM has successfully connected to PowerSight This will be clear by the box on the main menu with the words Unit Connected appearing within a large green banner Note that the box also says Serial Comm enabled and Datalogging enabled 128 3 Click on Data Setup and PowerSight Manager Settings View Data Tools Help review the setup that is in PowerSight Manager PowerSight Review the chapter on Custom Version 31T Jun 5 2004 Consumption Data _ Em Logging and make any A o changes that are needed Conmurctions in the data setup and store
122. nt mode Decre for decrementing letters or numbers for moving cursor to the left gt for moving cursor to the right Print this function is not implemented at this time Wave for capturing waveform sets 143 Compatibility Guide Although we attempt to make all products and accessories compatible there are limitations to what devices and versions can work well together The PS3000 must be used with PSM software of at least the 2 1 series Compatibility of the PS3000 with Summit Technology accessories is as follows Accessories 120ADP a 120ADP discontinued 15KVP 5KVP 5KVP version with ext box CAS3 CASW CHG1 CHG2 CHG3 CHG4 COMM COMM vers with ext box DC600 DC ISO discontinued DFV DXV MEM FAO FX3000a FX3000 discontinued FX5000 HA10 discontinued HA100 HA150 discontinued HA1000 HA3000 HA5 HA500 discontinued Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes not compatible Yes for Euro 220V standard Yes for US 120V standard not compatible Yes compatible for HW2 version Yes not compatible Yes Yes Yes not compatible Yes upgrade if under warranty Yes Yes Yes Yes all units Yes Yes not compatible 144 Accessories cont d PS3000 HA GFD LDC discontinued LDC2 LDC3 LDC4 SafeConnect SCAS2 soft operating case SCAS3 soft accessory case SCAS4 soft all in one Yes Yes not compatibl
123. nt probe in order to read DC current The total harmonic distortion THD of currents is displayed using the THD function discussed later in this chapter Current Measurements in PSM The consumption data log can record maximum minimum and average RMS current for each phase for each logging period The summary values at the top of the screen are the maximum minimum and average of all the values shown on the screen When viewing consumption waveforms the average RMS of the cycles of the waveform is shown at the top with the average crest factor listed below it The instantaneous value of each point of the waveform can be determined using the vertical scale If a harmonic analysis is displayed the RMS current is also listed If trending data is being recorded and PowerSight is operating in phase neutral voltage measurement mode the average RMS current of each phase and neutral for each second will be displayed and recorded each second If in phase phase voltage measurement mode the average RMS current of each phase for each second will be displayed and recorded each second The measurements of current presented on PowerSight can also be displayed in PSM by using the remote control feature 54 In addition our Report Generator software will present maximum minimum and average current of each phase and neutral during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent ch
124. oads such as motors must have the voltages connected so that the peak voltages arrive in a certain sequence If this sequence is reversed the load will not work and damage may occur Determining the voltage phase sequence is necessary before connecting such loads Also if voltage leads of PowerSight are not connected to the correct phases the voltage readings will be mislabeled and the power readings will be incorrect For these reasons it is a good idea to check the phase sequence of the voltages before connecting loads or beginning monitoring To determine the phase sequence press Yes Accept when asked Check V Phase Sequence The following display is typical The order in which the voltages are listed is the order in which the Van Vbn Vcn 120 T20 120 39 peaks of the voltage arrive Looking at the first phase letters the example above shows a phase sequence of A B C which is typical If the displayed sequence is C B A then it s likely that the voltage leads are connected incorrectly or that the phases are mislabeled The numbers of the second line are the number of degrees between each phase These numbers are updated each second They are quick approximate measurements that may vary by 15 degrees from second to second When the readings appear to be correct press Yes Accept to move on to the next test Checking Current Levels Using Checkout Connections Checking the current levels provides an instant view of whether
125. on of the cursor is displayed For instance when the cursor is positioned over a consumption log the data values at that time are presented within parentheses under the signal names in the heading and the time and date stamp at that point and the record number are presented at the upper right within parentheses Information within parentheses will not be printed out Zooming and Panning Perhaps the most powerful tool of graphical analysis is zooming This feature allows you to expand an area of interest of a graph or waveform so that it fills the screen It also allows you to trim off areas that you don t want displayed for instance you may only want one week of a 30 day log displayed for printing 134 There are multiple ways to zoom in on an area of interest The easiest is to position your cursor at the upper left corner of the area you wish to expand and then left click and hold down and drag the cursor to the lower right As you drag the cursor a box will appear on the screen and it will grow as you move the curson down and to the right When you release the mouse s left button the area that was within the screen will expand to fill the screen Other ways to zoom in are to click on the zoom in icon a magnifier with a on it or to click on View and then Zoom In or to type on the keyboard and then do the same click hold and drag operation that was previously described To zoom out y
126. onsumption while you are monitoring for disturbances The type of disturbance that is detected in this mode of operation is an absolute transient This is a level of voltage or current that exceeds an absolute threshold The absolute threshold is an instantaneous magnitude that makes no allowance for the underlying waveform For instance if you monitor a 120 Vrms phase neutral system every cycle the instantaneous voltage will pass from 170V to 170V if it is a perfect sine wave If you set an absolute threshold of 200V if the voltage ever exceeds either 200V or 200V a trigger will occur This means a spike of 30V at the normal peak voltage would cause a trigger whereas a spike of 200V would be required to cause a trigger when at the zero crossing point of the sine wave Similarly in a 120Vrms system if you set the trigger level for 160V a trigger will occur twice each cycle since the normal sine wave exceeds this level during each half cycle Once triggering has occurred the waveform is measured in 16usec increments You can monitor any of the 3 input voltages or on any of the 4 current inputs Only one signal can be monitored at a time Whenever a transient trigger occurs the event is noted and if it is the worst transient since monitoring began its statistics are noted Transients are accumulated not logged during disturbance monitoring This means that they are counted as they occur up to 999 Only the per
127. onth and energy use per year are calculated each second These estimates are available by repeatedly pressing More In this way by combining the Energy and More keys there are 4 energy measurements available For instance if the estimated energy use per year is desired press Energy to display total energy consumed More to display KWH hour More to display KWH month and then More to display KWH year Energy Measurements in PSM PSM presents all commonly desired energy measurements When displaying a data log containing power information PSM will graph the energy consumed over any interval The user can choose to graph real energy use KWH or reactive energy use KVARH Normally a graph of energy usage will be a line that climbs up as it moves to the right This is because as more and more power is used the cumulative energy used increases In addition our Report Generator software will calculate actual energy used and the estimated energy used pr month during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percent change and the actual 66 change in energy use between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and 5 KWH is consumed during the first interval of 10 minutes and 8 KWH is consumed during the second interval of 20 minutes then the report would show Botore ater Unts Change 5 8 3 KWH 21
128. order to record the correct values the values on the primary side of the transformers This approach is also called the 2 wattmeter approach because it mimics how two single phase wattmeters can be used to measure total three phase power The equation that it depends on is W otal gt Vis xI gt W xI This equation is true regardless of the harmonic content of the voltages and currents present A few words of caution are required however First a volt ohmmeter cannot be used for this calculation That is because the equation depends on the instantaneous products of voltage and current That is normally quite different from the product of the RMS voltage and RMS current Second a single phase wattmeter should not be used for this calculation since conditions normally change second by second and hence adding the watts of two different setups will at best give a feel for the correct true power Lastly this approach requires that you make the correct connections more than other approaches since an error will not be obvious and there is no way of recovering to an educated guess of the correct power reading Refer to the Phase Neutral vs Phase Phase vs 2 Current Mode section for how to operate the unit in 2 current probe mode Connections To a 3 CT 3 PT Metering Circuit Sometimes it is helpful to monitor a load indirectly by connecting PowerSight to a metering circuit in front of the load A few circumstances w
129. oring a 60 Hz current that has high distortion H1 the magnitude of the 60 Hz fundamental might be 120 amps H3 the magnitude of the third harmonic 180 Hz might be 60 amps H5 might be 30 amps H7 might be 15 amps and all the other harmonics might have magnitudes of 0 In this case the magnitude of the THD F would be 2 2 2 rp t30 415 _ sag 120 K factor is a derivative of calculating THD where the frequency is given extra weight Each harmonic current amplitude is divided by the total RMS current multiplied by the harmonic number then squared and then summed over the first 50 harmonics 2 I xh K _ factor 5 5 rms This is a valuable measurement to observe when the heating effect of harmonics is a concern Using the numbers from the 78 example above for calculating THD the total current of the waveform is Irms V 120 60 30 152 138 3A 120x1 60x3 30x5 15x7 K _ factor 138 3 138 3 138 3 138 3 0 75 1 69 1 18 0 58 4 20 Harmonic Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired measurements of harmonic distortion The total harmonic distortion THD of any voltage or current can be calculated and displayed upon demand by simply pressing Harmon and then Yes Accept or No Reject in response to the displayed questions The sequence of the questions is calculate THD of la gt lb gt Ic gt In gt Van gt Vbn gt Vcn The result
130. orld service is usually supplied as 381V 5 716V or 11 431V Summit Technology has voltage 14 probes for direct connect to all of these services Refer to figure 7 for how to connect to a delta power service When there is no access to measuring one of the currents figure 8 presents the 2 current approach for measuring power This approach is also useful for measurement of an open delta circuit as described in Connections to an Open Delta Circuit 2PT 3CT figure 10 Although phase to phase is the normal voltage measurement mode for this service PowerSight can be set to phase to neutral even though the neutral is not connected In this case the measured voltages will be phase to metering neutral such as Van 277V for a 480V service and all other measurements will also be correct Figure 1D presents three phase four wire delta service In this configuration a neutral is supplied from a point midway between two phases This is handy when 240V delta is supplied Von and Vcn supply conventional 120V single phase power and Van provides 208V if needed In this configuration depending on what you are measuring you may choose to measure in phase to phase mode or in phase to neutral mode Figure 1E presents grounded delta service This configuration is actually not very common It can be attractive to use if an electrically isolated three wire delta service is available and there is a need to provide the power a long distance away at a pri
131. ou can click on the ZoomOut icon the magnifier with a on it or you can right click and click on Zoom Out or you can click on View and then Zoom Out The examples below are of a log of true power of an air conditioning unit and of a zoomed in portion of the same log The Zoom In and Zoom Out icons are circled The example on the left does a good job of communicating the overall operation of the air handling unit that was being monitored There is a circled area of special interest in this graph where the power has several repetitive peaks The example on the right does a good job of focusing in on this area of particular interest The example on the left above showing the full log has several features of interest highlighted Notice that the cursor is positioned near the center of the display The data associated with that point appears in the heading in parentheses Specifically the cursor is positioned on Record 224 of the log The timestamp of that point is 6 41 00 on 9 24 04 The value of the average C phase power for that record is 3450 watts whereas 135 the average of all the average C phase power points that are displayed is 3511 6 watts The example on the right above showing the zoomed in portion of the sample log has the cursor positioned above a special point of interest a point where one of the peaks in the power occurs Looking at the circled information you can quickly identify that the data
132. ou must use added caution when connecting an FX series current probe around exposed conductors and bus bars since you must pull the tube around the conductor and thus get your hands and arms closer to it than when using HA series clamp on type current probes Wise practice dictates that you use high insulation protection on hands and forearms in these circumstances or deactivate the circuit The DC600 probe is used for AC current measurements from 5 to 400 amps and DC measurements from 5 to 600 amps It offers accuracy of 2 1 amp from 5 400 amps and 3 accuracy for DC from 400 600 amps This probe relies on Hall effect technology and its output varies slightly over time Therefore a zero level adjustment is provided on the probe s handle for initial zeroing before each measurement session The probe accepts one cable up to 1 18 inch diameter or two cables of up to 0 95 diameter Unlike other manufacturers DC probes ours do not require batteries for them to run New probes and adapters are being introduced regularly so if you have a special need give us a call Please Note Always inspect the metal surfaces of clamp on probes before use Clean them with a rag or sand them with fine sand paper and then slightly oil the surface Any dirt or rust will affect the accuracy of the measurements Connections to PowerSight Voltage test leads plug into the back end of PowerSight Each test lead of the Deluxe Voltage Test Lead set is labeled
133. ow alternately states Enter Ratio and Source Input Using the number pad of PowerSight enter the first number of the ratio Basically enter a number that represents how many times larger the source that is being measured indirectly is than the input to PowerSight Press Yes Accept then enter 1 and press Yes Accept For instance if entering a ratio for a CT with an output ratio of 600 5 this could be entered as 120 and then 1 or as 600 and then 5 The ratio is the same in both cases Following this PowerSight will ask if the input ratio applies to a specific signal such as la Press Yes Accept or No Reject as appropriate for each signal it asks about until it displays Entry Accepted Changing Input Ratios in PSM To determine or r Operation Setup change the input ratios Logging Period B minutes Units using PSM go to the Log Start Mode Start Manually Data Setup menu and Log Stop Mode Don t stop 7 click on Define input Input Frequency Variable 20 7042 7 ratios and names Voltage Mode Phase Neutral z This leads to the Power Mode presentation of the Define input ratios and names i Input Configuration z summary display For each input to PowerSight there is a line listing the name of the signal the input ratio of the signal and a brief description of the signal If you wish to change any of these parameters double cl
134. possible The advantage of this approach is that if one of the voltage leads gets shorted to ground 30 perhaps from being cut by a panel door a fuse quickly blows providing added protection Note Do not use the LDC without the in line fuses being connected between it and the power source The fuses are the only circuit protection for the LDC When the input side of the LDC is fully connected properly plug the long DC output plug into the DC input jack of PowerSight The red charging indicator near the jack will light up if everything is operating and connected properly Note If a fuse is burned out or missing it will appear that there is no voltage at the source Verify that the fuses are working properly before assuming that the source is dead Injury may occur if you wrongly assume that the source is deactivated Measuring Multiple Parallel Conductors A common problem with measuring large currents arises when the current of each phase is carried by several parallel conductors For instance the A phase current may be carried in 4 parallel conductors as are the B and C phases resulting in 12 conductors to measure In this la Probe case the work around is to clamp onto just one of the conductors of each phase and enter an input ratio to record the correct total S current of each phase A fast way IB Probe of doing this is to enter an input ratio ay 4 for each phase n the e e example of 4 parallel conductors This may
135. r Harmonic amplitude Harmonic phase angle THD total harmonic distortion K factor The fundamental frequency is the first harmonic It is discussed in the Frequency Measurements section The harmonic frequencies are the frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency For instance the 7 harmonic of 60 Hz is 7x60 420Az In this case 7 is the harmonic number of 420 Hz in a 60 Hz system The RMS value of a harmonic frequency is its harmonic amplitude They can be expressed as relative to the amplitude of 77 the fundamental frequency or as an actual RMS amp value For instance if the fundamental frequency has a current of 120 amps and the 5 harmonic has an amplitude of 30 amps then the 5 harmonic has a magnitude of 30 amps or a relative magnitude of 50 The harmonic phase angle is the number of degrees that it leads the fundamental frequency Comparing the difference in the phase angle between voltage and current of a given harmonic allows you to determine the direction of the harmonic There are two basic types of THD calculations used in power Normally THD normally refers to finding the THD of the harmonics relative to the fundamental frequency THD F THD F is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of the magnitude of each harmonic of the fundamental frequency divided by the square of the magnitude of the fundamental frequency ane je thet For instance if you are monit
136. r Delivery Configurations Figure 1 presents most common power delivery configurations A Single Phase PowerSight is able to Two Phase measure voltage A current power power factor and more for all of these B Three Phase r C B Four Wire Wye systems Figure 1A C Three Phase presents the normal Thre wire Delta r single phase and A two phase service as found in a residential z service In North GC N B America Van and D Three Phase E Three Phase Vbn are 120V and Four Wire Delta Grounded Delta are 180 degrees out l of phase with each Fig 1 Common Power Delivery other When heavier Configurations loads are encountered Vab 240V is used by delivering both hot voltages to the load Neutral provides the current return path If the load is balanced there will be relatively little neutral current Refer to figures 2 3 4 and 5 for various ways to connect to single phase and two phase power service Figure 1B presents normal three phase wye power service Voltages are usually measured from phase to neutral Neutral provides the current return path If the load is balanced there will be relatively little neutral current Refer to figure 6 for how to connect to a three phase wye power service Figure 1C presents normal three phase delta service Voltages are usually measured from phase to phase In North America service is usually supplied as 120V 240V 480V 600V 4160V or 12 470V In most of the w
137. r year is 0 50x Ge 26 280 est yr The estimated cost per month is the estimated cost for a year divided by 12 For instance if the cost is 0 50 for a 10 minute period then the estimated cost per year is Sos mo S gag ee 1 299 190 S 10x12 Cost Measurements in PowerSight PowerSight performs all commonly desired true cost of energy measurements When monitoring consumption the actual cost of energy consumed is displayed by pressing Cost Based on the history of consumption estimates of the cost per hour the cost per month and the cost per year are calculated each second These estimates are available by repeatedly pressing More after displaying the cost measure For instance if the estimated cost per year is desired press Cost to display total cost incurred during monitoring More to display hour More to display month and then More to display year In this way by combining the Cost and More keys there are 4 cost measurements available The rate used by PowerSight to estimate cost can be displayed or changed by the user at any time Itis one of the setup functions that can be accessed through the Setup key Cost Measurements in PSM Our Report Generator software will calculate the elapsed cost and estimated cost per month of energy consumed during any one or two intervals of time set by the user If two time intervals are chosen it will report the percen
138. re are several key current measurements Instantaneous current Peak current RMS current Current crest factor Maximum current Minimum current Average current Present current The instantaneous current is simply the current passing through a point at an instant of time When the current is graphed over time the graph is called the current waveform The peak current Ipk is the highest instantaneous current over a period of time A measure that changes continuously is of limited use A far more useful measurement is RMS current wherein a single number is generated to describe a continuously varying current The beauty of RMS current is that in power calculations it makes a contribution to power roughly equivalent to a DC current of the same magnitude RMS current is defined as the square root of the mean of the square of the instantaneous current over one ye cycle of the fundamental frequency Irms re When measuring DC amps the RMS value is the same as the DC value Current crest factor is the ratio of peak current of a cycle over the RMS current of the same cycle Icf Ipk Irms A perfect sine wave has a crest factor of 1 414 V2 Maximum minimum and average current in power measurements refers to the maximum minimum and average of RMS current measurements during a time of interest 52 In the PS3000 the present current is the RMS current calculated for the most recent second Maximum minimum and average are
139. rent and power for input frequencies varying from 45 to 66 Hz or from 360 to 440 Hz If even one voltage or current input is in this frequency range 85 PowerSight can also measure the true RMS of DC and rectified signals that are also connected while in this measurement mode It is generally recommended that you operate in one of the fixed frequency modes whenever you can One reason is that there is the potential of slight errors in measuring the frequency of certain waveforms A slight error in frequency will add a slight error in the measurement of all other variables Another reason is if you are measuring small voltages or currents they may not be large enough for an accurate frequency measurement even though they might be large enough for an accurate RMS measurement Although these situations are unusual they can happen For that reason we recommend one of the fixed frequency modes when practical The fixed frequency measurement mode is necessary when measuring DC voltage or DC power In a DC system the frequency is 0 Hz which is clearly outside of the variable frequency measurement range By setting PowerSight in one of the fixed frequency measurement modes PowerSight no longer measures the input frequency each second it simply assumes the frequency This assumption of the time required to measure the inputs allows for accurate readings in DC systems and systems in which only higher harmonics are present as with rectified
140. revious second The maximum value that is displayed on PowerSight is the maximum of the once per second measurements since monitoring began The maximum value that is recorded into each record of the consumption log is the maximum of the once per second measurements during that logging period The minimum value that is displayed on PowerSight is the minimum of the once per second measurements since monitoring began The minimum value that is recorded into each record of the consumption log is the minimum of the once per second measurements during that logging period To learn how to display the maximums minimums and averages since the beginning of monitoring on your PowerSight refer to the 100 various sections on measurement types The maximums minimums and averages of each logging period are logged This is the act of recording summarizing information once every logging period With PowerSight the logging period is set by the user whereas the measurement updating period is always once per second This insures that you don t miss valuable information related to the actual power used and the maximums and minimums present After you direct PowerSight to stop monitoring all the information remains available to you in the data log that is in PowerSight The contents of the data log are not displayed on PowerSight s display To obtain the information it must be uploaded from PowerSight to your computer using the PSM software The d
141. ring a large main circuit to a facility The current may be too large to measure with the current probes you own or you may not be able to physically clamp around the cables or bus bar or the voltage of the bar may exceed the insulation rating of the current probe In these instances a permanently installed CT and or PT may be wired in for a metering system By clamping onto the secondary of such a CT typically with an HA5 probe or attaching directly to 89 the PT with voltage probes you obtain readings proportional to the primary side of the CT or PT Entering the ratios of the CT and or the PT into PowerSight allows all recorded values to be scaled appropriately PowerSight then records primary values although it is connected to the secondary There are other instances where input ratios are valuable If a large current is carried by 2 or more parallel conductors you can clamp onto 1 conductor enter in the ratio for instance 4 total conductors to 1 measured conductor and thereby record the total power without clamping around all the conductors However before you use this approach verify that each conductor is carrying the same amount of current It s not uncommon for parallel conductors to carry different loads when high currents are involved If the loads are different in each conductor you may enter the appropriate input ratio For instance if the measured total of 4 cables is 2005 amps and the one cable you will monitor carrie
142. rom the filename to something more descriptive This does not change the filename but it may improve the look of the graph Also points of interest can be 131 brought out in a presentation by adding labels to the chart The label consists of some text and an arrow To create labels or titles click on View and then Labels or click on the Modify or Add Label icon Normally the scale of a display is set automatically by PSM to give the best size presentation of the data However when doing before and after comparisons it is best to have identical vertical scales otherwise a small after number may appear to be larger than the before number You can control the vertical and horizontal scales by clicking on View and then Set Scale Normally the color of the signals is sie gia ean set automatically by PSM to give good color contrast on a color Harmonic Graph monitor However that contrast may Eome ie not stand out on your monitor or on your color printer or especially with your black and white printer You can control the colors used to display signals by clicking on View and then Change Color Scheme Whatever is displayed can be printed by clicking on File and then Print It can also be saved as a Windows bitmap file by clikcing on File and then Save as PowerSight Manager 3phVpp wim BM P File Edit View Help a
143. s remove the VN voltage lead since it may affect the power factor readings of each phase Fig 5 shows the recommended connections to a split phase system as found in commercial and residential facilities There are two Hot wires 180 degrees out of phase with each other and sharing the same neutral Appliances such as ovens that require 240V will span across both hot wires 19 In this configuration a reading of Van is of hot neutral and Vbn is hot2 neutral In does not need to be connected The power associated with one hot is measured as phase A the power of the other hot is measured as phase B In phase neutral measurement mode the voltage readings will be from hot to neutral If you change the measurement mode to phase phase Vab will be the hot to hot voltage that serves the high power appliance Connecting to Three Phase Four Wire Wye Power Figure 6 presents the recommended Neutral connections to a three phase system with C Phase voltages referenced to neutral a phase neutral or three phase four wire wye configuration Be sure to follow the safety warnings of the previous sections before making the connections Although the current of each phase is carried by neutral neutral current is generally relatively small since the currents of the 3 phases largely cancel each other in the neutral leg In a perfectly balanced system the current in neutral would be zero Fig 6 Recommended Thr
144. s 492 of the amps you can enter the ratio 2005 492 and all readings will be correct There are cases where you may wish to measure very small currents with a large probe In order to improve the accuracy of the readings you may wish to clamp onto several turns of the wire This essentially amplifies the signal and boosts the signal to noise ratio For instance if you were reading 1 amp with an HA1000 probe you might clamp onto 10 turns of the wire to boost the signal to 10 amps If you then entered a ratio of 1 10 the readings will be scaled correctly and be more accurate Finally in measuring high voltages if you use a high voltage probe enter the ratio of the probe for instance 100 1 and record the actual voltage being measured Using these techniques you can measure anything with PowerSight The measurement range extends from 1 milliamp to more than 4 million amps 1 volt to more than 4 000 kilovolts 1 watt to more than 40 megawatts Note When PowerSight is turned off its input ratio settings are not returned to 1 1 You must take care that they are what you wish 90 Changing Input Ratios in PowerSight If you wish to set or change the input ratios in PowerSight press the Calibra key once The display will say Set Input Ratio Press Yes Accept If you are setting a current input ratio press Yes Accept If you are setting a voltage input ratio press No Reject and then Yes Accept The display n
145. sumption log to PowerSight Manager view at the main menu click on Rite Satins iew Daa Took Hop View Consumption Data or click PETET on View and then View Eff Dae sew mo Consumption Data or click on a Setup Un File and then View Consumption can Data Any of these approaches ae will result in the View Consumption Bese Smii Data screen being shown Inthe GGEN EFeT gt own bale Types to View section click on EXE View SweW 0ip Data arn Coad Data Log if necessary to select aa that choice A list will appear of all consumption logs located in the directory shown in the Look In box If you wish to look in a different directory use the standard Windows methods for changing the directory that is shown Next select a specific consumption log by double clicking on it When you select a consumption log to view the Select Signals to View window pops open You must make a primary choice of what type of measurement you wish to view such as Voltage can er 2 g 1Van SAA Cancel Current or True Power u G 2Vben Clea Al and then make a ee e i 2 ower secondary choice of ae te which phase or phases to fos tees 1 wp nergy KWH view then click on View Ereg VARH Choices of measurement ae types that are not available in the log will be grayed out At this point a view of the log will be displayed Ge
146. surements in PowerSight During monitoring of energy consumption the peak demand period is constantly updated The logging interval is used as the demand period so if the logging period is set to 15 minutes the demand periods will also be 15 minute periods Thus if a meter whose logging interval is set for 15 minutes starts monitoring at 69 7 00 A M it will update the demand period at 7 15 7 30 7 45 8 00 and so on If the most power was consumed between 7 45 and 8 00 then the demand period will be displayed as 7 45 Note that even if the power peaked briefly at 7 29 the demand period would still be reported as 7 45 since more energy was consumed over that 15 minute period To see what the demand was during the peak demand period press Demand to see the time and date of the peak demand period and then More to see the amount of energy consumed during that period Demand Period Measurements in PSM There are two methods for obtaining Demand period measurements in PSM The first is to monitor using 15 minute logging intervals and making sure that total power is being logged in the consumption log When logging is completed graph the consumption log and choose to present total power Observe at what point the average total power is at its peak This point is the peak demand period Put your cursor over it and observe the timestamp of the beginning of the peak demand period at the upper right of the graph To find the peak
147. t eee 28 Connections To an Open Delta 8CT 2PT Metering Circuit 29 Connecting to Line To DC LDC Converter Accessory 0006 29 Measuring Multiple Parallel CONGUCTOIS ccscceceeseeeeeesteeeeeeeaes 31 Measuring Currents Below the Range of the Current Probe 32 Turning PowerSight On cccccccssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 34 Connecting to PoWer eien ianiai tiv ai eel ieee 34 Turning PowerSight On cccceeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecaeeeeaaeseeeeesseaeeeeaeeeeaes 35 Turning PowerSight Off ccccceeccceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaaeeneeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaes 35 Checking out Connections Using PowerSight 36 Importance of Checking Connections and Wiring cc ceeeeerees 36 Checking Voltage Levels Using Checkout Connections 37 Check Voltage Phase Sequence Using Checkout Connections 39 Checking Current Levels Using Checkout Connections 40 Checking Phase Sequence Using Checkout Connections 40 Checking Phase Lag Angle Using Checkout Connections 42 Checking out Connections using PSM 0csssee 43 Checking Voltage Levels Using PSM cccccccccseceecessseeeeessteeeeeeees 43 Check Voltage Phase Sequence Using PSM ccccccessteeeeeees 44 Checking Current Levels Using PSM cssceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees 45 Checking Phase
148. t change and the actual change in 68 cost between the two intervals For instance if a comparison report is chosen and 0 50 of energy is consumed during the first interval of 10 minutes and 0 80 of energy is consumed during the second interval of 20 minutes then the report would show Change Change 0 50 0 80 0 30 60 0 2 190 1 752 438 00 20 0 Cost Estimated per month In this example even though the elapsed cost increased significantly the actual rate of cost declined significantly because of the difference in time intervals between the before and after tests You may view or change the rate used by Report Generator to calculate cost It is one of the fields you can change when you set up a report Demand Period Measurements Utilities typically evaluate energy usage over fixed increments of time such as 15 minute intervals These time intervals are called demand periods The average power consumed during each demand period is called the demand of that period Typically the utility will look for the demand period with the greatest demand over a period of time such as a month and call this the peak demand period The demand of that period is the peak demand The utility may then present a surcharge on the user s bill based on the peak demand For this reason power users have an incentive to determine Peak demand Peak demand period Demand Period Mea
149. te simple Just repeatedly press the key that is closest in meaning to the measurement you want until what you want is displayed If the measurement that is displayed is close to what you want but not quite what you re after press the More key repeatedly For instance if you want to know the average apparent power press Power twice until apparent power is displayed then More until average apparent power appears To analyze data send saved waveforms and data logs to your computer using the supplied PSM software You can review the If you want to create a data log review the section Putting it all Together Logging for the First Time This will enhance your understanding of logging and increase the likelihood that you will have good results on your first attempt Note Throughout this manual whenever we refer to an individual key of the keypad we print the name on the key enclosed by square brackets For example the Volt key is referred to as Volt Connecting to PowerSight Voltage Test Leads A Deluxe Voltage Probe set consisting of four leads is included with each PowerSight Each of the voltage test leads is 6 feet 2 meters long with safety banana jacks at one end and safety plunger clamps at the other end Each is labeled at both ends as the Va Vb Vc or Vn test lead The safety plunger clamps have telescoping jaws that you can actuate while keeping your fingers three inches away from the actual
150. th waveforms and logs are presented graphically they are not the same and are not treated the same in analysis If you could zoom into a data log of Vrms you might be able to zoom in further and further until you arrive at the measurement of Vrms representing 1 second of voltage You would not eventually see a waveform of voltage Saving Consumption Waveforms PowerSight allows you to store sets of waveforms whenever you wish to These waveforms may be uploaded and displayed on your PC at any time Whenever a set of consumption waveforms is manually recorded by PowerSight all 3 voltages and all four 4 currents are recorded for 50 milliseconds This time coincident snapshot of 7 waveforms is called a waveform set You can capture a waveform set at anytime either using the keypad of PowerSight or PSM if PowerSight is connected To save a waveform set in PowerSight without using PSM press the Wave key at the lower right of the keypad The number that is assigned to the waveform set is then shown on the display The waveform data storage space within PowerSight is separate from the space reserved for other types of data Therefore it does not limit the size of your logs or write over any other type of data Whenever you store a waveform set in PowerSight it writes over the oldest waveform set that is stored in the meter 93 One of the wavesets waveset1 is a special waveset It is automatically captured by PowerSight when you init
151. tinent information about the largest transient is kept all others are simply counted None of the transient measurement information can be transferred to your PC using PSM It must be copied off the display 113 Monitoring Disturbances To begin monitoring disturbances press the Monitoring On Off key and follow the directions that are displayed For instance to start monitoring transients on Van first press Monitoring On Off and it asks if you wish to begin monitoring of consumption Press No Reject and it asks if you wish to begin monitoring of disturbances Press Yes Accept and it asks if you wish to monitor Van Press Yes Accept and it asks if you wish to set the transient threshold at a suggested value if monitoring a voltage the value is at least 20 volts above the peak value that PowerSight presently sees for that signal Press Yes Accept and disturbance monitoring begins You are flagged that disturbance monitoring is in progress by the flashing exclamation marks that appear on both ends of the bottom line of the display and by the summary display of how many transients spikes above the threshold have been encountered since monitoring began Since disturbance monitoring takes all of PowerSight s attention any request you make causes it to suspend monitoring For instance if you press Volt to check the present voltage level PowerSight immediately suspends monitoring to service that request and asks if
152. up and have that installed when you receive your unit so you are ready to begin logging under general circumstances The default data log ging setup is Logging period 3 minutes This means that every 3 minutes a new record is created that includes all the variables that are requested by the setup For instance if maximum la current was one of the requested variables each record would include the maximum la current of the previous 180 seconds 3 minutes After one hour there would be 20 records 60 2 20 in the log Three minute logging period was chosen because it allows you to log for a reasonably long period of time with a reasonably short period between records Of course your needs may vary from this in which case you can easily customize the setup This is discussed in the Setting the Logging Period section Log start mode Start manually Other modes are available and are discussed in the Starting Data Logging section Log stop mode Don t stop This means that if the log fills up it will continue receiving new data which will be written over the oldest data This is discussed further in the Stopping Data Logging section Frequency mode Variable 45 66Hz This allows PowerSight to measure the frequency every second and perform measurements whenever the fundamental frequency is in that range If you do not need to measure varying frequency it is recommended that you change t
153. val and 478 W during the second interval then the report would show Before Change Change Power Factor Measurements Power factor is often misunderstood The definition of power factor is the ratio of true power in watts to apparent power in VA But it is often used as an indication of how much current lags voltage in a circuit When no harmonics are present power factor does this well When harmonics are present there is no necessary relationship between power factor and current phase lag To help differentiate what is meant by power factor we talk of two different power factor measurement types true power factor and displacement power factor PowerSight measures both of these True power factor as its name implies is the true measurement of power factor It is the ratio of true power over apparent power P TPF or TPF D When this ratio is less than 1 00 app 58 then reactive power is present Reactive power may be the result of current lagging voltage due to the inductance of the circuit It may also be the result of delayed harmonic currents that result form small driving harmonic voltages A typical electronic load may have a power factor of 0 70 and yet the current may be perfectly in phase with the voltage No amount of capacitance can raise this power factor in fact it will lower it However when harmonics are not present the true power factor turns out to be equal to the cosi
154. values into the data log The logging interval can be set from 1 second to 99 minutes The 140 logging interval has a direct effect on the time it takes to fill the log For example if PowerSight has its consumption log capacity set to 1000 records and its logging interval set to 1 minute it will take 1000 minutes for PowerSight to fill the data log Each record of the log will contain the maximum minimum and average of 60 seconds of measurements 10 How do I use the Data Setup feature of PSM Refer to the chapter on Custom Consumption Data Logging 11 How often should have my PowerSight calibrated We recommend that you have the PowerSight calibrated once every year We also recommend that all voltage and current probes be sent in with the unit for calibration 12 Can I use other manufacturers current probes with PowerSight Unfortunately no Only current probes made by Summit Technology can be used with the PowerSight Products This is because all of our probes are self identifying This means the user does not have to use an input ratio to use the probes If there is a special need to use a certain probe let us know at support SummitTechnology com 13 How do I measure voltages above 600 volts AC You must use our High Voltage probes to directly measure above 600 Volts You can use either the 5kVP or the 15kVP Also see How to Measure 4160V Service on the installation CD for more information Altern
155. vate facility such as a saw mill By grounding one of the phases at the source the cost of supplying one of the phases to the remote site is saved A motor at that site would be connected to phase A phase B and earth ground There is increased danger in this configuration over normal isolated delta service since the reference to ground is intentionally an excellent conductive path Nevertheless PowerSight will provide the desired measurements in this configuration 15 Connecting to Single phase Power Figure 2 presents the basic connections to a single phase system Be sure to follow the safety warnings of the previous sections PowerSight before making the connections Clamp your A phase current probe onto the Hot wire Make a metallic connection to neutral with the Vn voltage lead Similarly connect the Va lead Fig 2 Basic Single Phase Connection to Hot Since voltage now comes into PowerSight on Va and current is sensed by la the power and power factor for this single phase system will be available as phase A power and phase A power factor A Caution Until you are certain that your voltage connections to PowerSight are correct disconnect any current probes This is because PowerSight and all of its connections float at the potential of Vn If Vn is hot there may be a breakdown through the insulation of any attached probes Helpful Hint How to Identify the Neutral lead Normal single ph
156. veform see the example 44 An order of B C A or C Eee t a alaj ale 2 A B is the same as an A B C sequence the reference point just starts at a different place for instance B C A is just a portion of the continuing sequence of A B C A B C Sometimes an order of C B A is correct Some m e os oe me utilities deliver power in that sequence and sometimes a imoti will be connected in that manner to make it spin backwards An order of B A C or A C B is the same as C B A the reference point just starts in a different place for instance B A C is a portion of the continuing sequence of C B A C B A 3 pause 40 CBA Checking Current Levels Using PSM Next click on the blue Back Arrow icon and PowecSight Managers aaa select Current Set All and View Now that you are viewing the current waveforms there are several questions that need to be answered Select Signals to View Primary Choice First are the sizes of each of the three phases reasonable depending on the type of load currents of each phase may be very similar or fairly different The RMS value of each waveform is listed in the heading of the graph such as la with 136 5 beneath it indicating that la 136 5 amps similar to how they are presented for voltage as seen in the Checking Voltage Levels section Also check the shapes of the current waveforms Some of the more

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