ScanEx IMAGE Processor version 1.0 TERRAIN Module
Contents
1. Layers adding raster thematic layers to a 3D scene Terrain Layers Add Thematic Layer the Add Thematic Layers dialog appears where new raster thematic layer can be added Terrain Layers Delete Last Thematic Layer deletes the last loaded raster thematic layer Terrain Layers gt Tune Water the Water Properties dialog appears where the properties of the water thematic layer can be set Terrain Options control of the 3D terrain display parameters Terrain Options gt Wire Landscape switching on off the coordinate grid when displaying the 3D terrain Terrain Options Wire Meshes switching on off the coordinate grid when displaying 3D models Terrain Options Motion Blur enables disables motion blur mode Terrain Options Sky Sphere enables disables the sky display mode Terrain Options Detail Mapping enables disables the detail texture display mode Terrain Options gt Thematic Mapping enables disables the raster thematic layer display mode Terrain Options Meshes enables disables the display mode for all the 3D objects and models added Terrain Options Haze enables disables the haze display mode Terrain Options Navigator enables disables the navigation mode Terrain Options Transparent Sprites enables disables the mode of transparency for the 2D textures of vertical disposition Terrain Options Switch Layers enables disables the mode of displaying the basic layer and the detail layer for th2. right to Grow changes the particles spread area for the parameter Grow Slider Intensity changes the transparency of the 2D texture Button Palette press the button to load a color gradient palette which can be used for coloring the smoke object Button Load press the button to load 3D object parameters from the relevant file Button Save press the button to save the set parameters to a file Button Default press the button to set the default parameters Button Close press the button to close the dialog Creation of Trees In order to create a 3D object tree use the command Terrain Objects Create Tree The New Procedure Tree dialog appears New Procedure Tree eS x Hame bee ss lt sSOSSSSCi sS Leaf terain maps leat toa ey Bark terrainmaps bark bmp X SIZE 30 ccd Field Name defines a name for the 3D object this name will be shown in the list Meshes in the Toolbar Field Leaf defines the texture to be used as leaves The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel Field Bark defines the texture to be used as trunks The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel Field Size defines the size of the 3D object in meters Button Create press the button to initialize the pro
3. BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel The texture size is a degree of 2 Button Create press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog You may change the object size and location with the standard methods using relevant tools from the Toolbar Editing and Manipulating the 3D Objects and Models Placed Adding a copy of a 3D object or model There are two ways to add copies of objects and models e Manually e Automatically within the vector contour Adding a Copy Manually For adding a copy of a 3D object or model manually select the required type of the object in the list Meshes of the Toolbar and press the hot button Add Instance aR Press the left button of the mouth to place the model s copy on the landscape Then press the Ese key on the keyboard Adding a Copy Automatically Since an automated adding of the copies of 3D objects is based on vector contours at first it is necessary to load a vector map with the contours presented as polygons In order to add copies of objects in the automated mode select the required type of the object in the list Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Instances Generate Instances of the Main menu The Generate Instances dialog appears Generate Instances ee x TeAtmp water mif 7 Mumber fi O00 Cancel Select the required vector layer in the above given list
4. Field Number defines the number of the object s copies Button OK press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog It 1s necessary to keep in mind that setting a large number of copies for the 3D objects can significantly reduce the total operating efficiency Selecting the 3D Objects There are three ways to select 3D objects e Manually e To select all the copies of the objects of the chosen type e To select all objects To select objects manually use the Select Instance NI instrument in the Toolbar point the cursor to the required object and press the left button of the mouse A cube with white sides surrounding objects indicates the selected object To select all the copies of the 3D object choose the required type in the list Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Instances Select Mesh of the Main menu To select all the 3D objects placed use the command Terrain Instances Select All Deletion of the 3D Objects Placed To remove the 3D objects select the required object and use the command Terrain Instances Delete of the Main menu Changing the Location of the 3D Objects You may move objects in both the vertical and horizontal planes In addition you may rotate an object in three planes In order to move an object in either vertical or horizontal plane select the required object use the Move Instance instrument in the Toolbar and move to the requi
5. defines the value from 0 to 4 the value controls the degree of the relief modification under the vector layer For the zero value the relief under the vector layer becomes simpler 32 times relative to the initial state for the case of 1 16 times and for the case of 4 two times respectively Button OK press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog It is impossible to change the shape the used texture and the size of the vector layer after its loading In order to make any change it 1s necessary to delete the vector layer and then load it again with the modified properties Usage of the Raster Thematic Layers It is possible to place additional raster thematic layers water surfaces roads forests etc onto the finished 3D landscape The raster thematic layer should have the same spatial resolution and the same cartographic projection as the basic layer The raster thematic layer is to be presented as a bit mask In order to load the bitmap thematic layer use the Terrain Thematic Layers Add Thematic Layer command of the Main menu The Add Thematic Layer dialog appears 4dd Thematic Layer a chi ur Texture terrain maps tematic bmp i Water E Ok Cancel Select the layer to be loaded from the ist given above Field Texture defines the texture file While creating the water layer it 1s not necessary to indicate the texture type as in this case
6. 30 Cancel Field Name defines the name of the object this name is to be shown in the ist Meshes in the Toolbar Field Image specifies a path to the texture file The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel The texture size is a degree of 2 Field Size defines the object s size in meters Button Create press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog You may change the size and the texture used for the created object For this select the relevant 3D object in the ist Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Objects Properties The Sprites dialog appears You may change the size value and select another file name for the texture in the corresponding fields of the dialog Creation of the 2D Textures with the Horizontal Disposition Sticker You may use 2D textures to add inscriptions photos and other information to the 3D terrain In order to set the 2D texture select the command Terrain Objects Create Sticker in the Main menu The New Sticker dialog appears New Sticker Hame Image terrainimaps airport taa y Create Cancel Field Name defines the name of the object this name is to be shown in the list Meshes in the Toolbar Field Image specifies the path to the texture file The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats
7. DODIES ae E tieh chad ietetemotensadactoce tate treksbabioeed 2I Deletion of the SD Objects Placed eenaa a ten awe 27 Changing the Location of the 3 D ODJECIS seriesas i i 2 Chanca The 917600 oD ODE S un E ON 28 Disabling or the 3D Object SeleCh On neiacsicissra aceite E a 28 Creation of the 3D Model Animation ccccccccccccccccccceecceaeeeeeeeseeeccccceeeeeseeeaeaaaeeeeseeeeees 28 Usace of the Vector and Raster Thematic Layers sieeiniictnitir astina a E 30 PROGINS Vector Layos meneen oe T eben tun vaeab N E TR 30 Wsace or the Raster Thematic Layer Serina a a to esaddiwoees 31 Setting the Thematic Layer Water Propere Sesser i a n A e E TETE 31 The TERRAIN Module is a powerful tool providing for the 3D terrain modeling and display An Elevation map and the RGB texture are the main elements of the 3D terrain model Raster digital elevation models DEM and digital elevation models in the GRID format are used as the Elevation maps The elevation values can be stored in the both integer and real format This application is intended for the following types of digital elevation models Digital elevation models in the SURFER GRID format Digital elevation models in the ArcInfo ASCH GRID format Digital elevation models in the ArcInfo Binary GRID format Digital elevation models in the USGS DEM format Digital model SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital model GTOPO30 Digital elevation models in the supported raster form
8. model illumination brightness and to activate the preset animation select the required model type in the list Meshes of the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Objects Properties The Mesh Properties dialog appears Mesh Properties E x Frame E o Replay Speed jos Brightness no Cancel Field Frame defines the first frame for the preset animation replay Field Replay Speed defines the speed of the preset animation replay Field Brightness defines the illumination brightness Button OK press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog In order to update the illumination brightness it is necessary to check off and then on the flag Use Display Lists for Meshes located in the group Performance and Quality of the Preferences dialog Cloud and Fog Simulation In order to create a cloud or a fog select the command Terrain Objects Create Clouds in the Main menu The Create Clouds Volumetric Fog dialog appears Clouds and Yolumetric Fog Mame Grid Size Animation Enabled r Pernod sec i B Random Seed 221 Rendering Quality une of Billboards 32 Shape Smoothness 0 90000 Transparency 4 Density 0 40000 sharpness 128 Sharpnesa l Denasity Length width Height fiz Smoothness Field Name defines the object name Group Grid Size defines the size of the 3D object An object s size is set as the degr
9. the texture with reflection is created automatically Flag Water indicates that a thematic layer water is to be created Only one thematic layer water can be used and it must be created the first if you create several thematic layers It is possible to delete the last of the thematic layers created For this use the Terrain gt Thematic Layers Delete Last Thematic Layer command Setting the Thematic Layer Water Properties The thematic layer water is specific and its display parameters can be changed It is possible to simulate waves for the thematic layer water To change the display parameters for the thematic layer water use the Terrain Thematic Layers Tune Water command The Water Properties dialog appears Water Properties Wave to Tune Mask z ercararare rimemamars Speed 10 Frequence 38 39999999 Direction I 158 90625 Wave Height P1 snf P2 Time Ps P4 5 PI B 01 riari es PS pass Appearence of Water Dampening 2 984375 Alpha 0 6015625 Default Group Wave to Tune is used to set the wave properties It 1s possible to set five levels of waves with different parameters In order to change the parameters select one of the levels Group Mask enables disables usage of the waves levels Slider Speed changes the wave speed Slider Frequency changes the wave oscillation frequency Slider Directio
10. this button looks like follows 9 and for changing the roll it is as Press button repeatedly to toggle modes Button Scale Instance Q interactively changes the size of the selected 3D models and objects Button Attach Instance E provides for attaching the camera to the selected 3D object this option is used to animate the 3D objects and models Button Detach Instance a detaches the camera from the 3D object this option is used to animate the 3D objects and models The Terrain Module Main Menu In this section the description of menu items and subitems is given Terrain Create Terrain the Create Terrain dialog appears allowing to create the new 3D terrain Terrain Load Terrain a file with the saved 3D terrain is loaded Terrain Save Terrain the active 3D terrain is saved into a file Terrain Batch Creation a new 3D terrain is saved in a batch mode Terrain Load State a flyby trajectory is loaded from a file Terrain Save State a flyby trajectory is saved into a file Terrain Load Sky a sky texture is loaded Terrain Load Detail Texture a detail texture is loaded Terrain Load Skin a stylized instance a control panel etc is loaded Terrain Objects a 3D object creation and change Terrain Objects Create Clouds the Create Clouds Volumetric Fog dialog appears providing for the cloud and fog creation Terrain Objects Create Smoke the New Smoke dialog appears providing for smoke creation
11. to close the dialog Press the button Start in the Video Capture dialog and the Video Compression dialog appears Select the video codec type as well as the compression and quality parameters ideo Compression x Compressor U Compression Quality sil Tl Configure For the video clip coding the embedded video codecs are used In order to set the video codec parameters see the Technical manual Operations with the 3D Objects and Models Usage of the 3D Models You may add 3D models to the created 3D terrain These 3D models are stored in the internal format supported by the software application 3D Studio MAX models can be imported In order to import a model start the conv3ds exe utility in the command line This utility is located in the subdirectory Tools of the root program directory e g C Program Files R D Center ScanEx ScanEx Image Processor Tools Use the following syntax conv3ds exe s lt model s size in meters gt lt a file in the 3ds format gt E g you would like to import the house 3ds file and to set the model size equal to 40 meters The command should be as follows conv3ds exe s40 house 3ds The file house mesh will be created In order to add an imported model to the 3D terrain press a hot key Add Mesh in the Toolbar and indicate the point on the landscape to place the model on In order to remove a model press the button Remove Mesh in the Toolbar In order to change the
12. values is from 1 to 1024 the higher the value the less the cloud edge transparency Button Load press the button to load 3D object parameters from the file Button Save press the button to save the set parameters to a file Button Create press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog You may change the shape of the created cloud or fog Select the required 3D object in the ist Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrains Objects Properties The Create Clouds Volumetric Fog dialog appears Creation of the 3D Object Smoke In order to create a 3D smoke object select the command Terrain Objects Create Smoke The New Smoke dialog appears New Smoke E f X Mame smoke Farticle terainmaps particle taa X Size En carca In the field Name specify the 3D object s name This name will appear in the ist Meshes in the Toolbar In the field Particle specify a texture to be used for the smoke simulation The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel In the field Size set the size of the 3D object in meters Button Create press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog You may change the shape of the simulated smoke in an interactive mode Select the required object in the list Meshes of t
13. ScanEx IMAGE Processor version 1 0 TERRAIN Module scan x IMAGE Processor version O sisceicsasdscvecncunansay ie ieo EE EEEE EOE l TERRAIN MOdular A A l SD Terini Crea ONeai a A 3 D Terrain Viewin NOG cemonsei e E A O E 6 Toran Mode LOOM OAL ee E E E e E ato eae T The Teran Module Main Meni oucsnieii pitied EEE E TA eceo ea nedaeubilets 8 AUS OIE EEE E AEE E E EE EAEE ENEA E EE E 10 TheModule SUPT CICTCNCES aran I T T eee 11 DEMS CNS TENCETING parameters sneer se aE TE E EE 11 Level of Detail Control for the 3D Terrain Display ccccccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 Camera Motom Contro sxcitsiacerian cece Sitch ae a a a ccd cued aorieeannel onediade 14 Flyby Trajectory Cream nisen a a a T 15 Editingthe Flyby Trajectory Properues 10sec nace 15 Properties of the Flyby Trajectory s Key Frames cccsseeesssseeeeecceceeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeseeeseseeeees 16 Mide EHP CCION oy era er i ere nn eee Te 17 Operations with the 3D Objects and Modelinin vet Paces toner Enkin OT 18 Cloud and Fog Simulators ae a aa dedupa rA a raaa go aataid 19 Creaton or eoD Object Smoke oiae danke iabacaaeuireeabdsaaarale danas eeaeaseeeal 20 Creaton OF TGO Sra tiea a a sagtem edie oades 22 Creation of the 2D Textures with the Horizontal Disposition Sticker eeseeeeeeeees 25 Editing and Manipulating the 3D Objects and Models Placed ccsssessssessseeeeeeeeeeeees 26 Adding a copy Of 4 3D Object Or Model ssrin E EE ea nas 26 DCICCUMO TNE
14. Terrain Objects Create Sprite the New Sprite dialog appears providing for the creation of 2D textures with the vertical disposition Terrain Objects Create Sticker the New Sticker dialog appears providing for the creation of 2D textures with the horizontal disposition Terrain Objects Create Tree the New Procedure Tree dialog appears providing for the creation of trees Terrain Objects Add Vector Layer the Add Vector Object dialog appears providing for the vector layer loading Terrain Objects Properties a dialog appears where the 3D objects properties are set Terrain Instances control of the 3D models and objects added to the 3D terrain Terrain Instances Select All selecting all the 3D models and objects added to the 3D terrain Terrain Instances Select Mesh selecting all the copies of the 3D objects chosen in the Meshes Jist Terrain Instances Delete removal of all the selected models and objects Terrain Instances Land leveling the 3D models and objects relative to the ground surface Terrain Instances Freeze disabling selection move and zoom of the 3D models and objects placed Terrain Instances Unfreeze enabling selection move and zoom of the 3D models and objects Terrain Instances Animate initializes animation of the 3D models and objects Terrain Generate Instances the Generate Instances dialog appears providing for automated adding copies of the 3D objects and models to the 3D landscape Terrain
15. ajectory s properties press the button located in the Task bar The Time Configuration dialog appears Time Configuration E x Frame Continuance Start Frame Lengh 100 Cancel Field Frame Continuance defines the key frame duration in milliseconds Field Start Frame defines the number of the first frame Field Length defines the number of a frames for replay Flag Loop enables disables continuous replay Button OK press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog Properties of the Flyby Trajectory s Key Frames Key frame removal In order to delete is required key frame select the relevant number in the field nee press the button I in the Task bar A request to confirm the operation appears and after approval the chosen key frame is deleted New key frame addition In order to add a new key frame set the number indicating the place where the key frame should be added in the field nee and press the button in the Task bar The dialog Specify a key frame appears Frame 256 Cancel Field Frame defines the number of the new key frame Button Ok press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog Current key frame editing In order to change the propan of the a frames set the relevant number in the field Hf and press the button Kep Properties Frame po
16. ance and Luality jw Use Display Lists for Meshes Use Shaders M Fullscreen Antidliasing M Anisotropic Filtering Appearance Scattering 0 299999999 F Single Buffer Light Color ae Generate Mipmaps MazS peed kmh ooon MinElevation m 5 Cancel Group Texture Swapping defines the RGB texture unpacking speed Field Unpacking Time Limit ms defines the maximal time allocated for one texture unpacking in milliseconds This parameter increase provides for displaying a larger number of textures but reduces the operation efficiency The value decrease improves the performance but causes the risk of the quality worsening since texture unpacking time will be too short to complete the procedure Field Queue Length defines the maximal number of textures to be unpacked in a single frame The greater the parameter the less the operation efficiency and the better the quality The smaller the parameter the higher operation efficiency and the less the quality due to a small number of textures Field Memory Limit Mb defines the limit for the video memory usage in Mb Flag Out Of Core Paging enables disables a mode making it possible not to load the 3D terrain into the RAM This option reduces the rendering speed but allows large 3D frame displaying In addition this option is recommended if a computer has a small RAM After changing the mode it is necessary to restart the module reload the 3D frame Flag Multi threaded e
17. ats GeoTIFF ESRI BIL BSQ ERDAS Imagine IMG etc for which elevations are defined as brightness values Digital elevation models can be presented in any of the supported coordinate systems For the RGB textures space and aerial images are used There is a possibility to create 3D terrain models based on images of various types and resolution without their reduction to the single spatial resolution In order to make 3D Terrain more realistic you may place 3D objects buildings trees vehicles etc on it The 3D models can be imported to the application in the exchange format of the 3D Studio MAX 3ds package In addition the embedded algorithms allow to interactively create certain 3D objects like trees clouds or smoke The 2D textures of both the vertical sprite and horizontal sticker arrangement may be also used There is also a possibility of displaying thematic maps e g vegetation maps thermal maps etc Thematic maps may be represented as the vector layers in the Mapinfo MIF and ESRI SHP formats as well as the binary raster masks 3D Terrain Creation A procedure of creating a 3D Terrain is as follows 1 Create a Working project and load data a digital elevation model and an image to be used as the RGB texture Fulfill an image geometrical correction if it has not been done yet Set a color palette for the RGB texture Set the working area Extent Use command Terrain Create Terrain of the Main menu The Cr
18. cess Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog You may change a shape of the created tree interactively For this select the required 3D object in the ist Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Objects Properties The Procedure Tree Properties dialog appears Procedure Tree Properties Twist Balance lt lt lt a Spread tt Fullness Default Field Name allows changing the name of the 3D object Slider Leaf Size changes the size of leaves Slider Branch Size changes the size of the tree s trunk Slider Depth changes the level of detail for a tree drawing Slider Twist changes the tree s shape by twisting Slider Balance changes the tree s symmetry Slider Spread changes the shape of the tree s crown Slider Fullness changes the number of leaves in the crown Button Load press the button to load the 3D object parameters from the relevant file Button Save press the button to save the set parameters to a file Button Default press the button to set default parameters Button Close press the button to close the dialog Creation of 2D Textures with the Vertical Disposition Sprites 2D textures can be used as pseudo 3D objects like trees signs and others In order to place a 2D texture select the command Terrains Objects Create Sprite in the Main menu The Sprite dialog appears Mame sprite Image Jterain maps tree tga Ee SIZE
19. d off screen buffers When the flag is on the data is directly output to the on screen buffer and when it 1s off the data is loaded to the off screen butter and then copied to the on screen buffer This mode is recommended when the Motion Blur mode is activated for the video adapter of the ATI RADEON family It is necessary to reload the 3D terrain after this mode changing Flag Generate Mipmaps enables disables usage of the MipMaping hardware mode implemented in the video adapter MipMaping is the technique to improve the images texture quality using different resolution textures for different objects of the same frame An alternative MipMaping version implemented in the program is enabled if the flag 1s off Field MinElevation m defines the minimal flight height The value is set relative to the height in the current point in meters Button OK closes the dialog all the changes are accepted Button Cancel closes the dialog all the changes are rejected Level of Detail Control for the 3D Terrain Display The Level of Detail Control dialog provides for controlling the 3D terrain display quality In order to open the dialog select the command TerrainsLOD Control CTRL ALT C in the Main menu Level Of Detail Control a x LOD EE ah dy Bi Geomorphing 100 oe Us 100 4 Close Slider LOD controls the level of detail for the elevation map The less the level of detail the higher the operation eff
20. e 3D landscapes Terrain Freeze Scene enables disables the rendering inhibit outside the visible region Terrain Reload Textures display window repainting Terrain Recalculate Statistics a new calculation of the 3D terrain statistics Terrain Delete All Keys deleting all the key frames from the flyby trajectory Terrain Capture Video the Video Capture dialog appears where the flyby trajectory can be saved in a video clip Terrain LOD Control the Level of Detail Control dialog appears providing for controlling the 3D terrain display level of detail Terrain Preferences the Preferences dialog appears where rendering parameters are set Terrain Information outputs information on the current 3D terrain Status bar The Status bar is located in the lower part of the display window and has the following control tools Button Add Key adds a new key frame to the flyby trajectory Button Delete Key e deletes the current key frame from the flyby trajectory Button Modify Key Saal opens the Modify Key dialog where the parameters of the current key frame can be changed al gt fo o i Buttons and field sf provide for navigation around the key frames Button Apply provides for a transfer to the fixed key frame Button Play Stop E start stop of automated flyby along the saved trajectory Slider provides for navigation around the key frames Button Time Configuration opens the Time Configuration dialo
21. e display parameters Field Haze Start defines the lowest edge of the haze in meters A haze makes a 3D scene more realistic as well as reduces the load onto the Central CPU and Graphical GPU processors Field Haze Length defines the transparency depth of the haze in meters Button Apply press the button to apply the haze display parameters set Flag Land inhibits changing the camera s altitude this option is used to animate objects and models The right control group is used to control 3D objects List Meshes press the button to open a list of the 3D objects added to the scene A Flag to the right from the ist Meshes switches on off displaying all the copies for the 3D object type selected in the ist Meshes Button Add Mesh adds the 3D model Button Remove Mesh removes either a 3D model or an object Button Add Instance an adds a copy of a 3D model or an object from the ist Meshes Button Select Instance NI selects a 3D model or a 3D object Button Move Instance moves the selected 3D model or object The 3D models can be moved in the both vertical and horizontal planes When moving an object in the horizontal plane the Move Instance button looks as when moving in the vertical plane like iv Press button repeatedly to toggle modes Button Rotate Instance rotates the selected 3D models and objects in three planes For rotation D for rotation in the vertical plane it is as in the horizontal plane
22. eate Terrain dialog a E appears EETU ae 1S AE x Channels Relief Format Landscape Texture Format Bled 1_LowFies_RGB_cht C Plain MAA e Plain f MRA None Iw PCA Green 2 LowRes_FAGB_ch2 hi Quantiziers for MAA Blue 3_LowFies_RGB_ch3 et 4 RGE fE PCZ 24 PCZ 32 Height 4_DEM_ch1 Layer Resolution Texture Resolution Terrain Maps e Tet 2u de Ba O lEs t 32x fe ivf O dy Sky Map terain maps sky bmp R Sun Detail Map terain maps detail bmp ms Azimuth a5 Elevation a5 Ambient jo Layer Shadows Pixel Size hs Smooth Borders jo Previos Nest Mev Delete 0 Skip Statistics co Create Terrain Group Channels defines the RGB texture and the elevation map List Red defines the RGB texture s red channel List Green defines the RGB texture s green channel List Blue defines the RGB texture s blue channel List Height defines the elevation map Group Terrain Maps defines the sky s texture and the texture to be used for the sharpness increase while zooming List Sky Map defines the sky texture file Sky textures can be in the BMP JPG GIF and TGA formats and the picture size is a degree of 2 List Detail Map specifies a file with the highly detailed texture These files can be in the BMP JPG GIF and TGA formats and the picture size is a degree of 2 In this application the Wavelet transform is used to compress elevation maps and RGB textures Due to compressio
23. ee of 2 e g the values 6 6 4 mean that the size of the 3D object will be 2 6 2 6 2 4 64 64 16 pixels Field Length defines the 3D object s length The range of values is from 4 to 8 Field Width defines the 3D object s width The range of values is from 4 to 8 Field Height defines the 3D object s height The range of values is from 4 to 8 Group Animation defines cloud animation parameters Flag Enabled enables disables animation Field Period sec defines a period of the complete animation cycle Field Random Speed defines a random value for the animation start By varying this parameter you can change the cloud internal structure Group Rendering Quality defines parameters of the cloud rendering quality Field Number of Billboards defines the number of the 2D textures which form the cloud The more textures the higher the quality of the cloud rendering The maximal number is 256 Group Shape defines the shape and properties of the cloud Field Smoothness defines smoothing inside a cloud The range of values is from 0 1 to 1 the less the number the less smoothing Field Density defines the cloud density The range of values is from 0 1 to 1 the less the value the higher the degree of structure Field Transparency defines the cloud transparency the degree of cloud permeability for the solar light The range of values is from 1 to 100 Field Sharpness defines transparency at the cloud s edge The range of
24. er Flag Skip Statistics switches off on statistics during the 3D terrain creation This provides for reducing calculations and consequently the frame creation time It 1s possible to calculate statistics after the 3D terrain creation Flag Shadows switches on off shadow calculation Field Pixel Size defines a pixel size for the basic layer Field Smooth Borders defines the number of iterations for the smoothing filter on the detail layer basic layer boundary The filtering window is 3 x 3 pixels and the number of the pixels from the boundary to be smoothed is set On completing the calculation procedure the software automatically changes for the 3D terrain viewing mode 3D Terrain Viewing Mode The Terrain mode is used to display 3D terrains In order to enter the Terrain mode load the created 3D scene using the command Terrain Load Terrain of the Main menu After the 3D terrain calculation the program automatically transfers to the Terrain mode ScanEx IMAGE Processor Terrain oe e x g File Tools Edit Transformation Layout Window Display Terrain Options 18 x AR REEE EEE EAE AEA Detal Mapping amp On _m1 807280 236003 R lempty G lempty_e empty x s4376 v arara Terrain Mode Toolbar The Toolbar is located in the upper part of the display window Haze Start 900 Haze Length 700 BE Meshes clud JC Ae 4 AJNI S K al BE The left control group provides for controlling the haz
25. g where the flyby trajectory parameters are set Button Record starts the flyby trajectory creation An information panel with the statistics for the current key frame is located in the right part of the Status bar In order to look through the below given properties press the button gt gt ag 127507 strips 157 Ea The mode shows the number of multi triangles multi triangles and strips of the multi triangles Strips for the current frame eee Time 7 0 Rendering Time 7 1 ms The mode shows the CPU time for the current frame calculation Calculation Time in ms and the GPU time for this frame rendering Rendering Time in ms s BY B l The mode shows the current frame display frequency Frame per second S Of 0 kmh The mode shows the current speed of the camera motion Speed in km h in brackets there given the percentage of the utmost possible speed fee Height 6452 464514 meters The mode meters Camera Height pee Position 3706 050502 2055 2947 43 7 The mode shows camera s current position Camera Position in decimal degrees shows the current height of the camera in The Module s Preferences Setting the rendering parameters The rendering parameters are set in the Preferences dialog opened by the Terrain Preferences command Texture Swapping Unpacking Time Limit mg fic Qut of Core Paging Queue Length 32 M Multi threaded Memory Limit Mb 128 Perform
26. he Toolbar and use the command Terrain Objects Properties The Smoke Properties dialog appears Smoke Properties Wind vat Horiz Particles Motion peed E Spread E Side E Friction E Particles Properties Spawn M __ Intensity E we OO y sma OOOO OO le Gow J Speat f Palette Load Save Defaut Close In the ist Name you may change the name of the object Group Wind defines the wind direction and strength Slider Vert changes the wind strength in the vertical direction Slider Horiz changes the wind strength in the horizontal direction Group Particle Motion defines motion of the cloud of particles forming the smoke Slider Speed changes the initial motion speed Slider Spread changes the spread area depending on the initial speed Speed Slider Side changes the motion direction particles recession sideward Slider Friction changes the particles braking Group Particle Properties defines the particles properties Slider Spawn changes the velocity of a new particle emission the new particle birth rate Slider Life changes the particles lifetime Slider Spread right to Life changes the area of the particle distribution for the parameter Life Slider Size changes the particles initial size Slider Spread right to Size changes the particles spread area for the parameter Size Slider Grow changes the particles growth rate Slider Spread
27. iciency and the worse the display quality due to artifacts like abnormal appearance or disappearance of the vertices Slider Exaggeration controls the elevation map vertical scale Slider Geomorphing controls compensation for the artifacts appearing in the LOD mode Geomorphing is a smooth rising or lowering of the vertex height For the low LOD value it is recommended to set the maximal Geomorphing value Slider Texture LOD controls the level of detail for the RGB texture This option makes it possible to increase operating efficiency at the expense of the image quality decrease Slider Sprites LOD controls the level of detail for displaying 2D textures of vertical disposition Button Close press the button to close the dialog Camera Motion Control The camera motion is controlled using a keyboard a mouth and a joystick Keyboard control Start engine Q Increase speed A Decrease speed D Level 8 Motion forwards the engine is switched off af Motion backwards the engine is switched off ay Turn left lt Turn right gt Vertical up Page Up Vertical down Page Down Mouse control Turn left move the mouth keeping the left button depressed Turn right move the mouth to the right keeping the left button depressed Upwards move the mouth forward keeping the left button depressed Downwards move the mouth backward keeping the left button depressed Level press the right button Joystick con
28. isplaying a 3D scene due to reducing level of detail during this elevation map unpacking and visualization E g a 3D scene is to be compiled from a basic layer with a resolution of 30 m pixel and a detail layer with a 4 m pixel resolution There are two ways of solving this task The first one is to define Layer Resolution as 8x for the detail layer Thus the whole detail layer including the RGB texture and the elevation map will have eight times more details compared to the basic layer 30 8 3 75 m pixel The second way is to set the Layer Resolution equal to 4x and the Texture Resolution to 2x In this case the elevation map will have twice more details 30 4 7 5 m pixel and the RGB texture will have eight times more details compared to the basic layer 30 2 4 3 75 m pixel Group Sun defines the Sun position for the shadow calculation Field Azimuth defines the Sun azimuth in degrees Field Elevation defines the Sun elevation in degrees Field Ambient defines the background illumination Group Layer defines navigation around the layers Button Previous press the button to move to the previous layer Button Next press the button to move to the next layer Button New press the button to create a new layer Button Delete press the button to delete the current layer A figure right to the Delete button indicates the current layer s number The value 0 corresponds to the basic lay
29. lbar to detach the camera A message offering to close the trajectory appears If you press Yes the trajectory will be automatically closed between the first and last points Otherwise it remains open To switch animation on select the command Terrain Instances Animate in the Main menu It is necessary to keep in mind that standard tools of the camera motion trajectory creation are used Thus you need to delete the previous trajectories Usage of the Vector and Raster Thematic Layers Adding Vector Layers Vector layers can be used to place roads rivers and other objects Polylines and polygons can be used to place objects on the 3D terrain To add vector layers select the command Terrain Objects Add Vector Layer in the Main menu The Add Vector Layer dialog appears Add ector Layer E i x Texture terain maps road bmp a Line width f Resolution lo Cancel The above given list specifies the required vector layer Beforehand it is necessary to load this layer to the application see the corresponding chapter of the User s Manual Field Texture specifies the path to the texture file which is to be used for the vector layer display The textures can be presented in one of the supported formats BMP JPG GIF TGA The software module supports textures with the alpha channel The texture size is a degree of 2 Field Line width defines the width for polylines in millimeters Field Resolution
30. lected object and keeping depressed the left button of the mouse change the object s size Disabling of the 3D Object Selection Selection disabling can be useful to freeze objects in the 3D terrain For this select 3D objects and use the command Terrain Instances Freeze of the Main menu To enable selection use the Terrain Instances Unfreeze command Creation of the 3D Model Animation You can use two types of animation e Use of the preset animation saved in the 3D Studio MAX file e Creation of the animation setting object motion trajectories In order to switch on the preset animation it 1s necessary to select the 3D model with the preset animation and use the command Terrain Objects Properties of the Main menu The Mesh Properties dialog appears Mesh Properties A Frame ig Replay Speed lo Brightness Ii Lancel In the field Frame set the frame to be the first one in the animation replay It is necessary to set the replay speed in the field Replay Speed In order to create the 3D model motion trajectory press the hot button Attach Instance E in the Toolbar place the cursor onto the required model and press the left button of the mouse Thus the camera will be attached to the selected model Then following the standard procedure see the corresponding chapter of the User s Manual specify the motion trajectory On completing the trajectory recording press the hot button Detach Instance in the Too
31. ll values reduce the compression ratio and the high ones increase Field RGB defines a compression ratio for the RGB texture in case of enabling principal components analysis the compression ratio for the 1 principal component PC1 Field PC2 defines a compression ratio for the or principal component PC2 Field PC3 defines a compression ratio for the 3i principal component PC3 Groups Layer Resolution and Texture Resolution are used for creating 3D terrains with various RGB textures resolution and the elevation maps grid step This option provides for a possibility of creating a 3D scene with many levels of detail 1 e a basic layer an RGB texture and an elevation map with one spatial resolution and the layers with better spatial resolution detail layers are created For example when creating a 3D scene for a certain administrative district the RGB texture with a resolution of 30 m pixel and a detailed insert for a large city with a resolution of m pixel are used Group Layer Resolution defines spatial resolution of a detail layer relative to the basic layer The value 1x means that there is no zoom the value 32x corresponds to the 32 fold zoom relative to the basic layer Group Texture Resolution defines spatial resolution of the RGB texture relative to the zoom factor of the detail layer This option provides for unloading both the Central processor CPU and the Graphical processor GPU when d
32. n changes the wave direction Group Wave Height provides for setting the wave s height The height is calculated by the following formula Height P1 sin P2 Time P3 P4 P5 The wave s height is defined by the P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 coefficients which are set by moving sliders Group Appearance of Water provides for the parameters of a layer display Slider Dampening provides for setting the level of detail for wave display Slider Alpha provides for setting the level of the texture transparency Button Default press the button to load the default settings Button Close press the button to close the dialog
33. n the 3D terrain volume decreases up to 30 times almost without losses in the image quality Group Relief Format defines the compression type for the elevation map Switch Plain switches off the compression mode and the elevation map is loaded in the float32 format We do not recommend this option for large terrain creation Switch MRA switches on the Wavelet transform compression mode Group Landscape Texture Format defines the compression type for the RGB texture Switch Plain switches off the compression mode In this case 4 bytes of the video buffer are allocated for 1 pixel of the RGB texture We do not recommend this option for large terrain creation Switch MRA switches on the Wavelet transform compression mode Switch None switches off the RGB texture usage Flag PCA enables a mode of the RGB texture principal component analysis and subsequent compression based on each component Wavelet transform This option reduces the 3D terrain volume due to the various ratio compression of the extracted principal components with As the second and third principal components PC2 and PC3 are less informative than the first one PC1 it is possible to increase the compression ratio for the second and third components almost without losses in the image quality as a whole Group Quantizers for MRA defines parameters for the Wavelet compression of elevation maps and RGB textures Field Relief defines a compression ratio for the elevation map Sma
34. nables disables a mode allowing the second CPU operation This option can be activated either for the dual processor configuration or a computer with the Intel Pentium IV processor and the Hyper Threading technology On this option enabling the first processor manages the texture swapping and the second processor provides for texture unpacking thus giving a gain in efficiency Group Performance and Quality defines parameters of the 3D frame display quality Flag Fullscreen AntiAliasing enables disables a fullscreen antialiasing Fullscreen antialiasing improves the visualization quality but reduces operation efficiency Flag Use Display Lists for Meshes enables disables the commands from the Display Lists of the OpenGL library This option makes it possible to increase the operation efficiency for the 3D models rendering Flag Use Shaders enables disables the mode of using pixel and vertex shaders Flag Anisotropic Filtering enables disables the mode of anisotropic filtering providing for the image quality improvement in the MipMaping mode Group Appearance defines the 3D terrain display parameters Field Scattering defines the haze height above the horizon Field Light Color selects the color for the 3D model illumination Field Maximal Speed km h defines the maximal speed of the camera motion over the 3D terrain in km h Flag Single Buffer enables disables usage of one on screen video buffer instead of two on screen an
35. o Foszition 4054223035947 4068 486896747 15 66864553106 Update Rotation 0 345022823025 0 624392356815 0 615463346881 0 335109388840 Update Motion Blur pooo Cancel Field Frame defines the number of the current key frame Fields Position defines the current position of the camera s center of mass in the X Y and Z axis Button Update right to the fields Position press the button to change parameters of the camera position for the current values Fields Rotation defines the camera lens position Button Update right to the fields Rotation press the button to change parameters of the camera position for the current values Field Motion Blur defines the value of the Motion blur effect for the current frame Button OK press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button to close the dialog Video Clip Creation The flyby trajectory can be saved as a video clip For this create a flyby trajectory set the key frame to start recording with and select the command Terrain Capture Video in the Main menu The Video Capture dialog appears ideo Capture E y x File Fort Size Rate frames sec 30 Cancel Group File defines a name of the next video clip Group Port Size defines the video clip size in pixels Field Rate frames sec defines the number of frames per second Button Start press the button to initialize the process Button Cancel press the button
36. red place The Move Instance instrument provides for moving in the horizontal plane and the instrument in the vertical plane For shifting between the two instruments press the hot button Move Instance in the Toolbar again In addition you may force objects to be placed onto the 3D terrain s surface For this select the required objects and use the command Terrain Instances Land of the Main menu You can rotate 3D objects using the Rotate Instance instrument Select the required object then choose one of the three planes and rotate the object using the relevant instrument For rotation in the horizontal plane the button looks like S for rotation in the vertical plane 3 for Os changing the roll S Press the button to switch between the modes Changing the Size of 3D Objects There are two ways to change the size of the 3D objects placed e Changing properties of all the copies of the 3D object of the selected type e Changing size for the selected 3D objects To change the size for all the copies of the 3D object select the required type in the list Meshes in the Toolbar and use the command Terrain Objects Properties Depending on the object type a corresponding dialog appears where you may change its size For more details see the corresponding chapter of this User s Manual To change the object s size select the 3D object choose the Scale Instance gl instrument in the Toolbar place the cursor onto the se
37. trol Motion downwards push the handle away from you Motion upwards pull the handle toward you Roll left move the handle left Roll right move the handle right Turn left press the joystick s button 2 Turn right press the joystick s button 3 Level press the joystick s button 4 Speed increase decrease the joystick s third axis You may change the control button destination in the file fleontrol ini in the root directory Flyby Trajectory Creation A flyby trajectory is used to both animate the 3D models and record video clips Press the Record F button in the Task bar in order to define the flyby trajectory and fly along the specified path On completion press the button Record again If you need to move over the landscape surface e g car motion simulation check the flag Land in the Toolbar beforehand This disables camera raise above the minimal height relative to the surface level To save the created trajectory into a file select the command Terrain Save State in the Main menu In order to load the saved trajectory select the command Terrain Load State in the Main menu Flyby Along the Created Trajectory To flyby along the created trajectory set the number of the key frame to start playback with in the field lle and press the button Play Stop El To stop the process press the Play Stop LEY button again Editing the Flyby Trajectory Properties In order to edit the tr
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