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Archery Merit Badge Pamphlet 35856

1. TH CAME 27 as i 4 OPTION B COMPOUND BOWS Option Compound Bows The compound bow is the only fundamental improvement in bow technology since prehistoric times The advantage of the compound bow is that the variation in draw weight as the bow is drawn can be modified from the ever increasing draw weight variation of the recurve or longbow This mechanical advantage is accomplished with two cams or eccentrics and a cable that Passes over them as shown At full draw compound bows normally have a draw weight that is less than its maximum draw weight UPPER LIMB at partial draw For example a bow that reaches its maximum IDLER WHEEL draw weight of 50 pounds LIMB BOLT STRING at three quarter draw CABLE GUARD SLIDE KISEK might have a full draw WINDOW J _ CABLE GUAKD weight of only 25 pounds ARROW REST Some compound bows have a full draw weight of as little as 20 percent of the maximum That is they have an 80 percent let off POINT SERVING LOWER LIMB CAM Parts of a modern compound bow ARCHERY 47 Wilbur Allen patented the compound bow in 1969 48 ARCHERY PTION B COMPOUND BOWS Tip To avoid dryfiring it is best to always have an arrow on the string when shooting a bow Dryfiring or shooting a bow without an arrow can seriously damage a bow and possibly injure the archer Another characteristic of a compound bow is
2. FIELD ROUND NFAA The field round originally developed to give archers a way to practice bow hunting has become as much a game as it is hunting practice The course is set up in the woods using 14 targets that vary in size from 20 centimeters 8 inches to 65 centimeters 26 inches Archers shoot four arrows at each target For 11 of the targets the four arrows are shot from the same posi tion but distances vary for different targets Distances and target sizes are listed in the chart Target Sizes and Shooting Distances for the NFAA and Scout Field Rounds NFAA field target ARCHERY 65 ARCHERY GAMES AND TOURNAMENTS 66 ARCHERY Shooting positions are marked with white stakes They do not follow in any special order and may be arranged as best suits the terrain The targets have five scoring rings The black center or spot is one fifth the outer diameter of the target and has an inner circle half the diameter of the spot The inner circle is used in breaking tied scores Standard field round scoring is 5 points for the black bull s eye or spot 4 points for the two white areas and 3 points for the two outer black areas Championship scoring uses all five rings with scores from Ital SCOUT FIELD ROUND BSA The Scout field round is an adaptation of the NFAA field round for Boy Scout camps The targets and scoring are the same as for the NFAA field round However the distances to be shot are diffe
3. Adults 18 and over are grouped by type of shooting Flights or groups of archers with similar average scores are set up to compete against each other In NAA competition archers are grouped by age Cadet younger than 12 Junior 12 14 Intermediate 15 17 and Adult 18 and over Adults also are classified but by their scores These four organizations govern archery tournaments See the resources section for ways to contact them USA Archery National Archery Association Governs American target archery rounds and approves international target and field rounds for Americans in Olympic and FITA competitions The NAA is a member of the International Archery Federation and the U S Olympic Committee National Field Archery Association Governs American field archery rounds for amateur and professional competition The NFAA is a member of the International Field Archery Association Federation Internationale de Tir Based in Switzerland governs international rounds and coordinates archery in the Olympics International Bowhunting Organization Governs 3 D rounds ARCHERY 5 ns Field archery plan er 7 I 7 ON Uy 7 START lly L L 7 L L UN _ FINISH NOS I I I I Field Archery Rounds The NFAA s field hunter and animal rounds the BSA s Scout field round and the IBO s 3 D round all are field rounds
4. points where they attach to the handle riser The limb is the upper or lower part of the bow that bends when the bowstring is drawn A beginner archer with a takedown bow only needs to buy new limbs not a whole new bow to improve gear ARCHERY 41 OPTION A RECURVE BOWS AND LONGBOWS FACE SIGHT WINDOW ARROWPLATE ARROW REST HANDLE paa RISER SECTION VIN GRIP STRING HEIGHT STRING Shown are all of the parts of a modern recurve bow Modern longbows have the same parts except they have no recurve and may not have a sight window the cutaway part of the bow above the handle Another kind of draw weight is called the actual draw weight This is the amount of force you exert on the bowstring when you are shoot ing Actual draw weight may vary from the draw weight marked on the bow depending on the length of your draw Determine your length of draw by holding the bow with an extended arm and drawing the bowstring back until the index finger is under the center of the chin If your draw length is 28 inches your actual draw weight is the same as the draw weight marked on your bow If your draw length is less than 28 inches your actual draw weight is less than the weight marked A good draw weight to start with is 20 or 25 pounds This weight will allow you to learn and practice the skills of archery Archery is not a test of strength but of skill If your bow is too heavy you will
5. use the five color Outdoor shooting distances are 15 20 25 30 40 60 and target with 70 meters Outdoor qualifying rounds are shot in ends of six arrows at five color 122 centimeter 48 inch targets 10 ring scoring The indoor distance is 18 meters 20 yards Qualifying rounds are shot in ends of six arrows at 60 centimeter 24 inch faces Progressively higher scores are required for advancement Scoring NAA and NFAA Targets ___ Merit Badge Round Name Address Cit State 55 Yards Try leon sos Here is a typical archery scorecard Each arrow is scored in a separate box with the highest scores in a given end on the left side of the scorecard Ends are scored from top to bottom on the card The number of hits and the score for each end are recorded in the two right hand columns The total number of hits and total score are deter mined by adding the results of each end ARCHERY 69 Olympic and world archery titles are governed by the FITA known in the United States as the International Archery Federation FITA delegates from member nations make all decisions about equipment rules of conduct and every other aspect of tournament archery 70 ARCHERY OURNAMENTS Barebow vs Freestyle Archers shooting barebow style may not use sights or other shooting aids No mechanical release devices are allowed only fingers tabs or gloves Archers shooting frees
6. 6 Pull the tail tight and cut it off where it comes out from under the serving This completes the serving ARCHERY 33 MAKING A BOWSTRING 34 ARCHERY Making the Upper Limb Loop Before you can make the upper limb loop you must cut the ends of the Dacron thread that were wrapped around the dow els of the rotating head Step 1 Holding the spool of Dacron thread unwind the thread from around the dowel Then snip the thread at the edge of the serving Step 2 Find the other end of the Dacron thread by turning the rotating head of the jig so it is along the jig s axis with the dowel and its attached thread toward the center Step 3 Lift the Dacron bundle off the dowel Unwrap the end of the Dacron thread from the dowel and snip the thread at the edge of the serving Step 4 Slide the Dacron bundle until the serving wraps around the dowel and the ends of the serving are offset by about 1 4 inch MAKING A BOWSTRING Step 5 Measure 17 inches from the end of the loop the dowel and mark the serving This is where the next serving will start Step 6 Start the serving by pulling about 3 inches of serving thread from the serving jig and poking it up between the two sides of the serving at the point you marked Step 7 Hold the end of the string so it angles slightly away from the center of the bowstring jig and so the serving jig is tight against the serving Step 8 Make one turn
7. Field Archery Association NFAA black and white field targets and blue indoor targets are scored The elimination system used in Olympic archery competition 5 Do ONE of the following options Option A Using Recurve Bow or Longbow d Name and point to the parts of the recurve bow or longbow you are shooting Explain how to properly care for and store recurve bows and longbows Show the nine steps of good shooting for the recurve bow or longbow you are shooting Demonstrate the proper way to string a recurve bow or longbow Locate and mark with dental floss crimp on or other method the nocking point on the bowstring of the bow that you are using Do ONE of the following 1 Using a recurve bow or longbow and arrows with a finger release shoot a single round of one of the following BSA NAA or NFAA rounds a An NFAA field round of 14 targets and make a score of 60 points b A BSA Scout field round of 14 targets and make a score of 80 points c A Junior 900 round and make a score of 180 points ARCHERY 3 4 ARCHERY d An FITA NAA indoor round I and make a score of 80 points e An NFAA indoor round and make a score of 50 points The indoor rounds may be shot outdoors if this is more convenient OR 2 Shooting 30 arrows in five arrow ends at an 80 centimeter 32 inch five color target at 15 yards and using the 10 scoring regions make a score of 150 OR 3 As a memb
8. able to compete at the elite level as well In fact since 1996 the F d ration Internationale de Tir l Arc which governs international rounds and coordinates archery in the Olympics has actively pursued the establishment of competition rules for archers with special needs SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW Release Releasing is simply a matter of relaxing the fingers that hold the string while you maintain the tension in your back When your draw fingers relax the string will escape and the arrow release runa will be on its way Before you quick mental check of all the other steps If everything Is right release and you will see your arrow strike the bull s eye Follow Through As you release maintain your good shooting form and keep your eyes on the target Try to move as little as possible Some people wait until the arrow hits the target before they relax Movement during the follow through can cause an otherwise good shot to miss the mark In a good follow through your right hand will be at the back of your neck and your bow arm will still be lined up perfectly with the target ARCHERY 61 ARCHERY GAMES AND TOURNAMENTS Archery Games and Tournaments An archery tournament has one or more rounds In each round archers shoot a series of arrows at specified distances and target faces Archery tourna ments can last from a few hours to several days Competitive archery has three
9. and a quiver to hold them an arm guard a tab or shooting glove and a bow sling FLETCHING INDEX FLETCHING Arrows An arrow has four parts the shaft body or stem the nock notched tip the fletching feathers or vanes and the point arrowhead The index fletching is the odd colored fletching and is perpendicular at right angles to the slot in the nock SHAFT POINTS Different types of arrows have different points The arrow in the parts photo is a target arrow Several other arrow points also are shown Broadheads are used for bow hunting big game The fish head is for bow fishing Blunts are used for POINT practice and for hunting small game such as squirrels and game birds The field point is used when shooting field rounds and when shooting at stumps and hummocks on roving trips Parts of through fields and forests 17 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Different arrow points BROADHEAD BLUNT TARGET POINT 18 ARCHERY FLETCHINGS You also can tell arrows apart by their fletchings e Target arrows use small fletchings These can be feathers from 2 to 3 inches long or plastic vanes about 11 2 to 2 inches long e Flu flu fletchings are used to limit the range of an arrow These fletchings are most often used on blunt tipped arrows They slow the arrow s flight and make it drop quickly e Hunting arrows use longer fletchings usually 4 to 5 inches long The fletchin
10. around the two sides of the serving lay the end of the serving thread along the Dacron bundle toward the center of the bowstring jig and continue to make turns with the serving jig Step 9 Continue the serving for about 4 inches Finish it with the serving finishing knot The finished loop is the larger upper limb loop ARCHERY 35 MAKING A BOWSTRING 36 ARCHERY Making the Lower Limb Loop Step 1 make the lower limb loop first swap the ends of the Dacron bundle on the bowstring jig and turn the rotating head so it is perpendicular to the axis of the jig Step 2 Repeat all of the steps for making the upper limb serving and the upper limb loop except the lower loop will be only 1 inch long Making the Center Serving The center serving is most easily made when the string is on a bow Step 1 Slide the upper limb loop about halfway down the upper limb Step 2 Twist the string by rotating the lower limb loop about 12 times Step 3 Place the lower limb loop into the bowstring notches in the lower limb then string the bow and check the string height If it is too low unstring the bow twist the string a few more times and recheck the string height Step 4 Use a bow square to find the point on the string that is at the same level as the arrow rest Mark the Dacron bundle 2 inches above and 5 inches below that point and serve between the two marks 4 finishing with a serving finishing kno
11. edges 72 ARCHERY buss cable The cable on a compound bow that goes around the cams and wheels Cables can be made of stainless steel or a special bowmaker s fiber butt Any material designed to stop arrows A target face is pinned on the butt cable guard A steel rod mounted to a compound bow riser to keep the buss cable from interfering with the arrow cable guard slide A plastic slide that holds the buss cable onto the cable guard It slides on the cable guard to allow the buss cable to move away from the riser as the bow is drawn cam The wheel like device at the end of a compound bow limb that causes the draw weight to peak and then fall off as full draw is achieved cast The distance a bow can shoot an arrow creep To let the arrow move forward after reaching full draw but before release Creep is caused by a loss of back tension crest Bands of color decoration on an arrow used for identification crossbow A bow designed to be shot similarly to a gun with a groove or barrel that directs the arrow and a trigger that releases the string draw The act of pulling back the bowstring draw length The length of your full draw the distance at which the arrow is drawn back before it is released draw weight The amount of pull meas ured in pounds needed to draw an arrow back to an archer s full draw length For easy comparison of recurve bows and longbows draw weight is always mea sured
12. fingers The three fingers used to draw the bowstring string grooves The two ends of the bow where the bowstring is fitted Also known as string nocks or string notches 74 ARCHERY string height The distance between the bow s handle and bowstring when the bow is strung String height is set by the manufacturer and usually is from 7 to 9 inches strung bow A bow that is ready for shooting also called a braced bow tab A flat piece of leather or plastic worn on the drawing hand to protect the fingers when drawing the string and to ensure a smooth release tackle Any or all of an archer s equipment tassel A large piece of yarn worn on the archer s belt and used to wipe arrows clean tiller The distance to the bowstring from the joint of the limb and riser of a compound bow A well tuned bow will have the same tiller for both upper and lower limbs torque An undesirable twisting of the bow or bowstring on release toxophilite An archer or one who is interested in all aspects of archery including its history trajectory The path of the arrow in flight vanes The feathers or plastic substitutes that act as rudders in steering the arrow wand A slat 2 inches wide and 6 feet high shot at from a distance of 100 yards The wand shoot is a holdover from medieval competitions weight of bow See draw weight wheel A round cam The wheel may be an eccentric with its axle off center or an idler
13. low 24 ARCHERY Arm Guard The arm guard worn over the arm that holds the bow protects the forearm from the slap of the bowstring after the arrow is released The arm guard also provides a smooth surface for the bowstring to strike It usually is made of plastic or tough cordovan leather reinforced by a steel band Adjustable elastic straps hold the guard snugly over the inside forearm The arm guard is the easiest accessory to select Almost any commercial brand is suitable Though absolutely essential prob ably no part of the beginner s equipment is so often overlooked The hunting arm guard usually is wider and longer than ARCHERY EQUIPMENT guards used on field and target ranges It has three or four straps instead of two Shooting Glove Tab or Mechanical Release Aids Without a glove or tab the release of your arrow which is the most Protect your shooting fingers with a shooting glove or tab Even the lightest bow will soon make untrained fingers sensitive eventually causing blisters All archers should use finger protection no matter how tough they think their fingers are The most experienced and skilled archers always shoot with a glove or tab Shooting glove Many top target archers use a tab because it gives greater control and a smoother release crucial motion in shooting may be faulty Shooting Glove The glove type of finger protection has three fingertips con
14. of the release hand The glove protects the archer s fingers ARCHERY TERMS handle The rigid center portion of the bow that is held during shooting head The point or tip of the arrow hit To strike the target for a score holding Keeping an arrow at full draw while aiming index feather The feather that is perpendicular to the bow during the draw usually the odd colored feather instinctive shooting Shooting without the aid of a sighting device or a point of aim kisser button kisser A marker placed on the bowstring so it touches the archer s lips when the archer is at full draw The kisser helps establish a better anchor point let down To slowly release tension from full draw without releasing the arrow limb bolt The bolt used to attach the limbs to the riser limb socket A section at the end of a riser that is made to hold the limbs in place Limb sockets are used on takedown recurve bows and compound bows longbow A straight bow that has only one curve when strung maximum draw weight The peak draw weight of a compound bow Maximum draw weight usually is reached at about 75 percent of full draw nocking point The point on the bow string where the notched end of the arrow the nock is fitted The nocking point is often marked by extra serving or nock locators nock locator An attachment to the center serving of a bowstring used to mark the nocking point The nock locator may be
15. smoother and more accurate the shot the shorter the bow the more arrow speed and ease of handling when hunting For a compound bow a good length to start with is 36 or 38 inches Caring for a Compound Bow A compound bow requires constant care Because it is a highly technical piece of machinery any adjustments must be done by a bowyer trained to work on compound bows The user s manual included with the bow will give you detailed care instructions The manual will tell you whether and when to lubricate the axles whether and when to replace the cables and string and how to store your bow Follow the manufacturer s instructions carefully and your bow will give good service over many years The Bowstring and Cables and Their Care Determine your bowstring s nocking point the spot where you fit the notched end of the arrow using a ruler or a bow square Lay the shaft of your arrow on the arrow rest and find the point on the string that would place your arrow perpendicular at a 90 degree angle to the string Now measure 3 8 inch up from the bottom of the arrow to find your correct nocking point Mark this spot with serving thread or crimp on nock locator so you can easily find the exact location every time Keep your bowstring and nonmetal cables well waxed with a commercial silicon based bowstring wax Inspect the string carefully before and after each day s shooting If the string is frayed check the string carefully for bro
16. start with is about 64 inches Caring for a Recurve Bow or Longbow Always unstring your bow when you are not using it This will lengthen the bow s life and keep it from taking on a permanent bend Store the unstrung bow in a cool dry place hanging it vertically or horizontally on pegs An occasional coat of furniture wax will help protect the finish Never use your bow as a walking stick or allow it to strike objects that will nick or scar it Scratches can turn into splinters and eventually result in a broken bow When a bow might be exposed to rain or possible damage place it in a bow case a long narrow sack made of soft material A bow is a delicate instrument With proper care it will last for many years Recurve bow Longbow After you learn the fundamentals of good shooting and you have practiced enough to strengthen your shooting muscles you may choose to gotoa heavier bow ARCHERY 43 OPTION A RECURVE BOWS AND LONGBOWS A bow square 15 a I shaped device used to measure nocking height and string height 44 ARCHERY The Bowstring and Its Care The National Archery Association advises beginners to use bowstrings made of Dacron with a serving a wrapping of thread that protects the bowstring where the arrow is set made of multifilament nylon thread Get an expert to help you select a bowstring that is the right length and has the right number of strands for your bow You can
17. styles target field and 3 D Target archery is shot on a large open field with multi colored target faces This is the type of archery shot in the Olympics Field archery is shot on a roving course Archers shoot at different angles and distances moving through woods and fields as if in search of wild game 3 D archery also is shot on a roving course but the tar gets are molded foam replicas of game animals Field and 3 D archery are good practice for bow hunting ARCHERY 63 64 ERY GAMES AND TOURNAMENTS Field Archery and Target Archery Field archery is set up on a course or roving range similar to the field archery plan shown later in this chapter Different target faces and shooting distances are used for 14 targets Stakes driven into the ground mark the exact shooting spot for each target The archer stands behind the stakes to shoot Outdoor target archery is set up in an open field using 122 centimeter 48 inch target faces In most cases the target position is set and the shooting line is moved when different distances are shot The longest distances are shot first Indoor target archery is shot in a building using 60 or 40 centimeter targets at a distance of 18 meters 20 yards Target archers straddle the firing line with one foot in front of and one foot behind the line In NFAA competition Junior Division archers are grouped by age Cubs younger than 12 Youth 12 to 14 and Young Adult 15 to 17
18. the 10 yard sight on the strip of tape SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW After you have established the 10 yard sight stand 20 yards from your target and try to locate the 20 yard sight To start move the pin down about s inch below the 10 yard sight and try it You should be close For the 30 yard sight move the pin about 1 4 inch below the 20 yard sight The 40 yard sight will then be nearly 1 2 inch below the 30 yard sight To shoot well with a bow sight you must learn to come to full draw and hold the sight pin dead center on the target Make sure your anchor is solid Once at full draw look past the string and you will see the sight pin and the target One or the other will be out of focus It does not matter which one is in focus concentrate on the one with which you feel most comfortable When the arrow is fully drawn and anchored and the sight is steady on the bull s eye release the arrow See Release later in this chapter At full draw the archer looks over the tip of the arrow at a marker in front of the target In the illustration the point of aim is too far from the archer the arrow misses the target completely By moving the marker and changing the point of aim the archer can arrive at an accurate trajectory Some archers use a strip of tape with distances marked on it By trial and error as described in this section they have figured out where to move their sight pin in that tape to sho
19. the groove in one of the dowels in the rotating head Wrap the string so it is caught under some of the wraps and can be pulled tight without slipping Step 5 Pass the string around the other dowel in the rotating head around the dowel in the sliding head at the other end of the jig and back to the dowel at which you started This is one trip around the jig Make five trips around for a 10 strand bowstring or six trips for a 12 strand bowstring Step 6 End the last trip not at the beginning dowel on the rotating head but at the other dowel on the rotating head Wrap the thread around the ending dowel so it will not slip Set the spool of Dacron out of the way ARCHERY 31 MAKING BOWSTRING Making the First Serving Step 1 Use the serving jig to make a serving for the upper loop of the bowstring Pull about 3 inches of serving thread from the jig Let the jig hang while you hold the end of the string Step 2 Move the jig so it is tight against the bundle of Dacron thread strung between the dowels on the rotating head Put the jig as close to one of the rotating head dowels as you can with out forcing the serving string out of its natural vertical position Step 3 Holding the serving string taut pull it slightly away from the direction the serving is to be made Then make one turn with the serving thread around the Dacron bundle Step 4 Transfer the end of the serving string to the other hand
20. wheel with the axle in the center wrist sling A strap attached to the bow and the wrist of the archer s bow hand used to keep the bow from falling after an arrow s release ARCHERY RESOURCES Archery Resources Scouting Literature Basic Illustrated Archery Books and Videos Adams John Archery Know the Sport Stackpole Books 1996 Boga Steven Archery Backyard Games Stackpole Books 1997 Fadala Sam Traditional Archery Stackpole Books 1999 Hamlett Wood Michael Field Archery A Complete Guide Robert Hale Ltd 2002 Haywood Kathleen M and Catherine F Lewis Archery Steps to Success 2nd ed Human Kinetics 1996 Sapp Richard Archer s Digest 7th ed Krause Publications 2003 United States Olympic Committee A Basic Guide to Archery Griffin 1997 76 ARCHERY Wallentine Douglas Making Indian Bows and Arrows The Old Way Eagle s View 1988 Wise Larry Bow and Arrow The Comprehensive Guide to Equipment Technique and Competition Stackpole Books 1992 The following books and videos are available from Quintessential Productions Web site Attp www gproductsarchery com or USA Archery National Archery Association Web site Attp www usarchery org usarchery html merchandise html Rowe Ruth Archery The Basics 053V video Archery Refining Your Form 033V video Fundamentals of Recurve Target Archery 030B boo
21. 03 Shotgun Shooting 2005 Citizenship in the Indian Lore 2008 Skating 2005 Community 2005 Insect Study 2008 Small Boat Sailing 2004 Citizenship in the Nation 2005 Journalism 2006 Snow Sports 2007 Citizenship in the World 2005 Landscape Architecture 2008 Soil and Water Climbing 2006 Law 2003 Conservation 2004 Coin Collecting 2008 Leatherwork 2002 Space Exploration 2004 Collections 2008 Lifesaving 2008 Sports 2006 Communication 2009 Mammal Study 2003 Stamp Collecting 2007 Composite Materials 2006 Medicine 2009 Surveying 2004 Computers 2009 Metalwork 2007 Swimming 2008 Cooking 2007 Model Design and Building 2003 Textile 2003 Crime Prevention 2005 Motorboating 2008 Theater 2005 Cycling 2003 Music and Bugling 2003 Traffic Safety 2006 Dentistry 2006 Nature 2003 Truck Transportation 2005 Disabilities Awareness 2005 Nuclear Science 2004 Veterinary Medicine 2005 Dog Care 2003 Oceanography 2009 Water Sports 2007 Drafting 2008 Orienteering 2003 Weather 2006 Electricity 2004 Painting 2008 Whitewater 2005 Electronics 2004 Personal Fitness 2006 Wilderness Survival 2007 Emergency Preparedness 2008 Personal Management 2003 Wood Carving 2006 Energy 2005 Pets 2003 Woodwork 2003 BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA SUPPLY GROUP NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION CENTER DIRECT MAIL CENTER 2109 Westinghouse Boulevard P O Box 909 P O Box 7143 Pineville NC 28134 0909 Charlotte NC 28241 7143 For fast credit ca
22. 23 centimeters If your bowstring is too short the string height will be too great and the bow limbs will be under too much strain If the bowstring is too long the string height will be too little and the string may give you a lot of arm and wrist slap Rope stringer ARCHERY 53 SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW If you are shooting a com pound bow check that the cables Before you begin are in good condition and are shooting sight riding properly in the grooves of the cams and wheels Also check down your bows that the tiller for both upper and limbs The string lower limbs is proper Tiller is the distance to the bowstring from the joint where the limb meets down the middle the riser If your bow does not have the proper tiller let an experienced adult archer fix it should go straight your bow has a twisted limb let Nine Shooting Steps an experienced Shooting a bow has nine basic steps stance nock set predraw draw anchor aim release and follow through adult archer fix Stance Your stance is the position you assume when you shoot For target shooting position your body parallel to the flight of the arrow with your left side toward the target Stand comfortably keeping your feet about shoulders width apart Touch your toes to an imaginary line leading to the center of the target If you were to lay an arrow on the ground against your toes it would point to the
23. 30 35 22 65 25 35 14 35 20 35 18 50 15 35 23 65 35 30 25 20 ft 20 19 50 Animal Round Scoring HITS VITAL AREA NONVITAL AREA First arrow 20 points 18 points Second arrow 16 points 14 points Third arrow 12 points 10 points THREE DIMENSIONAL 3 D ROUND IBO The 3 D round also is designed for bow hunting practice It is laid out on the same type of 14 target course used for the field and hunter s rounds However the targets are three dimensional replicas of animals and distances are unmarked Targets have three scoring areas the circle within the vital area 10 points the vital area 8 points and the rest of the body 5 points Only one arrow may be shot at each target Target Archery Rounds The 900 round Junior 900 round indoor rounds I and II and NFAA indoor 300 round are standard target rounds The NAA Junior Olympic Archery Development JOAD rounds are special target rounds used by JOAD clubs ARCHERY 67 ARCHERY GAMES AND TOURNAMENTS 68 ARCHERY 900 ROUND NAA This is an outdoor target round The course is set up in an open area A 122 centimeter 48 inch five color target with 10 ring scoring is used Scoring from the center out is 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The distances and numbers of arrows shot for a total possible or perfect score of 900 are 30 arrows at 60 meters 30 arrows at 50 meters 30 arrows at 40 meters Shooting is in ends of six arrows This means the score is checked and
24. MERIT SERIES BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA How TO USE THIS PAMPHLET The secret to successfully earning a merit badge is for you to use both the pamphlet and the suggestions of your counselor Your counselor can be as important to you as a coach is to an athlete Use all of the resources your counselor can make available to you This may be the best chance you will have to learn about this particular subject Make it count If you or your counselor feels that any information in this pamphlet is incorrect please let us know Please state your source of information Merit badge pamphlets are reprinted annually and requirements updated regularly Your suggestions for improvement are welcome Send comments along with a brief statement about yourself to Youth Development S209 Boy Scouts of America 1325 West Walnut Hill Lane P O Box 152079 Irving TX 75015 2079 WHO PAYS FOR THIS PAMPHLET This merit badge pamphlet is one in a series of more than 100 covering all kinds of hobby and career subjects It is made available for you to buy as a service of the national and local councils Boy Scouts of America The costs of the development writing and editing of the merit badge pamphlets are paid for by the Boy Scouts of America in order to bring you the best book at a reasonable price BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA MERIT BADGE SERIES ARCHERY Requirements 1 Do the follo
25. a metal crimp on a piece of plastic that shrinks to fit or an additional serving overbowed Equipped with too strong a bow ARCHERY 73 ARCHERY TERMS overdraw To draw an arrow so far that the point passes the face of the bow perfect end In target archery six arrows shot consecutively into the gold zone point of aim A method of aiming in which the archer sights down the arrow shaft at a marker usually an object on the ground to try to hit the target Also the object used as the marker range Distance to be shot or a shooting ground indoors or out riser The handle part of a compound bow round A series of arrows shot at specified target faces at set distances roving Shooting at random objects at unknown distances serving A wrapping of thread around the bowstring to protect it where the arrow is nocked and where the loops fit in the bow s string grooves shooting line A line at a specified distance from the target In field archery the shooter stands behind the shooting line in target archery the shooter straddles the line sight pin An indicator an archer puts on the bow to use as an aid in aiming sight window The cutaway section of the bow above its handle spine The stiffness of an arrow shaft relative to its thickness weight and length stabilizer A weighted rod screwed into the bow to help steady it and reduce undesirable twisting of the bow and bowstring string
26. and keeping it taut hold it close to the Dacron bundle Turn the serving jig around the Dacron bundle and the end of the serving string about 12 times Step 5 Let the serving jig hang and cut off the end of the serving string you are holding Be sure you do not cut any of the threads in the Dacron bundle Step 6 Continue serving the bundle wrapping serving thread around it until you are about 11 2 inches from the second dowel on the rotating head 32 ARCHERY Making the Serving Finishing Knot The final step in making the serving is to finish it using the serving finishing knot The serving finishing knot requires an extra piece of Dacron thread 18 inches long Step 1 Fold the extra piece in half and lay it along the bundle so that the bend in the Dacron thread forms a loop that sticks out beyond the edge of the serving Step 2 Make about eight or 10 more turns with the serving string around the bundle and the extra piece of Dacron thread It helps to have some one hold the extra piece in place while you make the wraps around it Step 3 When the wraps are done cut the end of the serving string so it has a 3 inch tail Step 4 Tuck the tail through the loop of Dacron thread Step 5 Hold both ends of the Dacron thread with one hand and the end wrappings of the serving with the other Then pull the loop with the end of your serving back through the wrapped serving Step
27. arrows are recovered after each six arrows have been shot JUNIOR 900 ROUND NAA This outdoor target round is similar to the 900 round The target face and scoring are the same but distances are shorter Distances and numbers of arrows shot are 30 arrows at 50 meters 30 arrows at 40 meters 30 arrows at 30 meters INDOOR FITA ROUND NAA AND FITA INTERNATIONAL A 40 centimeter five color target face is used with 10 ring scoring 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Thirty arrows are shot at 18 meters Shooting is in ends of three arrows INDOOR FITA ROUND II AND FITA INTERNATIONAL This is similar to FITA Round I with 30 arrows shot But the distance is 25 meters and the target has a 60 centimeter face Shooting is in ends of three arrows NFAA INDOOR 300 ROUND The 300 round consists of 60 arrows shot in 12 five arrow ends The score is marked and arrows are recovered after each five arrows have been shot The round is shot at a 40 centimeter blue NFAA target from 20 yards Scoring from the center out is 5 4 3 2 and 1 with a total possible score of 300 ARCHERY GA JUNIOR OLYMPIC ARCHERY DEVELOPMENT NAA MES AND TOURNAMENTS The NAA s youth archery training program Junior Olympic Archery Development JOAD classifies young archers by their scores The ratings are Yeoman Junior Bowman Bowman Junior Archer Archer Master Archer Expert Archer and Olympian All JOAD qualifying rounds
28. ce the bowstring when it becomes worn Always have an arrow on the string when shooting a bow Dryfiring shooting a bow without an arrow can seriously damage a bow and possibly injure the archer Never dryfire a bow Laws on Archery Many states and local communities have laws governing archers Some laws cover ownership and registration of archery tackle equipment Others govern hunting and fishing with a bow and arrow ARCHERY SAFETY RULES On the shooting range the range officer on duty Archery serves as the person in charge The range officer is equipment is there to help ensure the safety of all participants shown and and bystanders and to ensure the range is a safe environment for archery shooting Therefore for described in your own safety and the safety of others it is imperative that you respect the range officer and follow all rules as posted the next section r Ask your merit badge counselor or members of a local archery club about the laws in your area Learn and follow all state and local laws on using a bow ARCHERY 15 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Archery Equipment Having the right equipment is as important as having proper instruction in how to shoot Your equipment should fit you and fit the type of shooting you plan to do Have an experienced archer help you choose the right equipment The equipment you will need includes a bow a longbow recurve bow or compound bow arrows
29. determine your bowstring s nocking point with a ruler or a bow square Lay the shaft of your arrow on the arrow rest and find the point on the string that would place your arrow perpendicular at a 90 degree angle to the string Always use a bow stringer when stringing your bow Improper stringing or using step through or push pull methods can cause perma nent damage Now measure 3 8 inch up from the bottom of the arrow to find your correct nocking point Mark this spot with serv ing thread crimp on nock locator or something else so you can find the exact location easily every time OPTION A RECURVE BOWS AND LONGBOWS Keep your bowstring well waxed with either a commercial bowstring wax or a Wax you Inspect the string carefully before and after each day s can make shooting If any of the main strands are broken replace the string Check the serving and repair or replace it if it is loose yourself using or worn The serving protects the string s delicate fibers from one part resin directly contacting the arrow nock and assures longer string to three life Store the bowstring with your bow parts beeswax NOCK N LOCATOR ARROWPLATE NOCKING DT x N HEIGHT ARROW REST STRING HEIGHT N STEING CENTER SERVING Mark the nocking point the point on the string where the notched end of the arrow fits to make it easy to locate ARCHERY 45 ah lt
30. eat and moisture will smooth the feathers and make the barbs stand up Check the shaft for straightness If an arrow is bent put it aside and straighten it after you are done shooting Check wood fiberglass or carbon fiber arrows for cracks or splinters in the shaft Break a cracked or splintered arrow in half and ARCHERY 19 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT 20 BACK The draw length of your arrow OF BOW OF BOW can be measured several SELECT AN ARROW ways The best way to LENGTH THATIS1INCH 1 MEASURING ARROW BEYOND THE BACK OF MARKED IN INCHES determine correct arrow era length is to draw a special measuring arrow that has been marked every inch like a ruler When you are at full draw your correct arrow length is read from the marked arrow where it crosses the back of your bow Be sure your arrows are long enough for your bow Another way to estimate proper arrow length is to stand with both arms extended in front of you with your fingertips touching The distance from your fingertips to the base of your neck will give a close estimate of your correct arrow length throw it away A cracked or splintered arrow if shot could explode and cause serious injury Lightly sand and polish any rough spots in an arrow s finish Check for missing or dulled points Missing points must be replaced Hone dulled points with a fine file then clean them with steel wool Store your arrows where they will not get we
31. er of the NAA s Junior Olympic Development Program JOAD qualify as a Yeoman Junior Bowman and Bowman OR 4 As a member of the NFAA s Junior Division earn a Cub or Youth 100 score Progression Patch Option B Using a Compound Bow d Name and point to the parts of the compound bow you are shooting Explain how to properly care for and store compound bows Show the nine steps of good shooting for the compound bow you are shooting Explain why it is necessary to have the string on a compound bow replaced at an archery shop Locate and mark with dental floss crimp on or other method the nocking point on the bowstring of the bow that you are using f Do ONE of the following 1 Using a compound bow and arrows with a finger 2 3 release shoot a single round of one of the following BSA NAA or NFAA rounds a An NFAA field round of 14 targets and make a score of 70 points b A BSA Scout field round of 14 targets and make a score of 90 points c A Junior 900 round and make a score of 200 points d An FITA NAA indoor round I and make a score of 90 points e An NFAA indoor round and make a score of 60 points The indoor rounds can be shot outdoors if this is more convenient OR Shooting 30 arrows in five arrow ends at an 80 centimeter 32 inch five color target at 15 yards and using the 10 scoring regions make a score of 160 OR As a member of the NAA s Junior Ol
32. er the glue on the nock has set attach the fletch ings Placing fletchings accu rately requires a fletching jig as shown in the photos Place a feather in the jig s clamp 3a so that the rounded part of the feather is about 3 4 inch from the back end of the clamp Spread fletching glue evenly along the edge of the feather held in the clamp 3b next page Place the clamp in the jig Make sure the fletching and the glue are in good contact with the shaft The jig shown here uses a magnet to hold the clamp in place Other jigs use the weight of the clamp to hold the fletching tight alongside the shaft Do not hold these clamps in place Let gravity do the job of holding the feather on the shaft while the glue dries ARCHERY 23 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT When the glue has dried rotate the jig s nock receiver 120 degrees until you hear a click Repeat the above steps to glue the second fletching to the shaft To complete your arrow repeat the steps to glue the third fletching to the shaft Step 4 Once your arrow is finished you might want to put a crest on it to identify it as yours To add a crest place a pattern of colored bands around the shaft about 2 inches in front of the fletch ings Put the crest close enough to the fletchings that it does not get buried in the target Without an arm guard your shirtsleeve or the skin of your lower arm will often grab the bowstring causing you to shoot
33. ers Matching Arrows to Your Bow When selecting arrows it is important to match them to your bow Matched arrows will fly truer and be more accurate than those that are not matched To match arrows to your bow you must know the draw weight of your bow and your draw length Together these figures will determine the spine of the arrow you need Spine is a measure of the stiffness of an arrow shaft relative to its thickness weight and length The draw weight of your bow is the amount of pull measured in pounds that is required to draw pull back an arrow its full length A bow s draw weight is marked on its handle For more about draw weight see Option A Recurve Bows and Longbows or Option B Compound Bows Try to test a variety of arrows before you buy your own When you order arrows include your bow draw weight arrow length and the type of arrow you need target field or hunting Also specify the fletching and the type of point you need With this information you will be able to get a perfect match for your bow Care of Arrows Take care of your arrows Improper care can affect accuracy and cause injury Look for signs of damage before during and after shooting Start with the nock and work your way to the point If the nock is cracked or broken replace it If feathers or vanes are coming off glue them back in place To reshape crushed feathers try holding them over steam from boiling water The h
34. est and you have made an arrow Most archers make their first arrows with wooden shafts The directions that follow are for making an arrow with a wood shaft and feather fletchings If you want to make an arrow with different materials discuss the possibilities with your Archery merit badge counselor 22 To make one arrow you will need a fletching jig an arrow shaft a hand taper tool a point a nock three fletchings fletching glue or cement and epoxy cement Don t forget your Scout knife To make a wood arrow Step 1 Cut the shaft to length The picture shows a Scout cutting a wood arrow shaft using a Scout knife Refer to the previous section on Matching Arrows to Your Bow 7 to decide how long you should _ make your arrow Step 2 Attach the and the point Tapers are needed on each end of the shaft to provide a good surface for gluing on the nock and the point Cut the tapers as shown 2a using a hand taper tool The long taper is for the point and the short taper is for the nock ARCHERY ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Put glue in the nock 2b and spread the glue by twisting the nock onto the shorter taper 2c The nock can be glued with fletching cement but use a more rugged glue such as epoxy or hot glue for the point Put the glue on the long taper then twist the point onto the shaft to spread the glue and make a good bond Step 3 Aft
35. ever draw a bow if anyone is in front of the shooting line Always aim and shoot at a definite target never shoot just for the sake of shooting Be sure of your target and that it is safe to shoot at it If you are not sure take a closer look If after a closer look you are still not sure do not shoot Shoot only at targets that are thick enough to stop your arrow Do not shoot if there is any chance your arrow might ricochet bounce off from the target or other object and hit someone Use arrows that are the proper length for you Arrows that are too short can cause serious injury ARCHERY 13 ARCHERY SAFETY RULES A fletching refers to an arrows feathers or plastic vanes 14 ARCHERY Never shoot an arrow up into the air Walk do not run on the archery range If you run you might accidentally cross in front of another group of archers step on arrows lying on the ground or fall and trip into a target and be injured by the arrows sticking out of it When retrieving arrows from behind a target particularly on a field range or at an isolated target lean your bow against the face of the target or stick an arrow in the top of the tar get with the fletching up This will warn other archers that you are behind the target Always use proper safety equipment including an arm guard a finger tab or glove and a bow sling Always inspect your equipment before shooting Repair or replace damaged equipment Repla
36. gs usually have a strong spiral that causes the arrow to rotate which improves its flight when the point is a broadhead SHAFT MATERIALS Modern arrow shafts are made from four principal materials wood aluminum fiberglass or carbon fiber Beginning archers usually use arrows with wood shafts Wood is the least expen sive shaft material and is popular with many archers Port Orford cedar from the Pacific Northwest is the preferred wood shaft material because of its straight grain and light weight Wood was the only arrow shaft material until about 1947 when aluminum shafts became available Aluminum shafts are straighter than wood and do not warp with humidity the way wood does An aluminum shaft will however bend if it hits a hard surface with enough force Bent shafts must be straightened to be used safely Fiberglass shafts were introduced in the 1960s Fiberglass will stand up to more abuse than either wood or aluminum shafts Although fiberglass shafts are reasonably straight they are not as straight as good aluminum or carbon fiber shafts Fiberglass the heaviest of all shaft materials is more expensive than wood but less expensive than aluminum or carbon fiber Types of fletchings TARGET ARROW FLETCHING FLU FLU FLETCHING ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Carbon fiber shafts were introduced in 1983 They are the lightest strongest and most expensive shafts Carbon fiber is the preferred shaft material of today s competitive arch
37. have a hard time learning to shoot accurately You should be able to pull and hold your bow at full draw 10 times for 5 to 10 seconds at a time without shaking or getting tired To determine the actual draw weight of your bow add 2 pounds for every inch over 28 inches that you pull back your bowstring or subtract 2 pounds for every inch under For example You have a bow marked 33 at 28 33 pounds at 28 inches and your draw length is 26 inches Your actual draw weight is 29 pounds 33 2 inches 2 pounds If your father shoots the same bow with a draw length of 29 inches his actual draw weight is 33 1 inch x 2 pounds or 35 pounds 42 ARCHERY OPTION A RECURVE BOWS AND LONGBOWS Bow Length Bow length is measured along the contour of the face of the bow the side nearest the string from limb tip to limb tip The length is marked on the bow just below the draw weight An example of a bow length marking is ATA 64 inch ATA stands for Archery Trade Association which sets standards for bow and string length The length of the bow you choose will depend mainly on the type of shooting you will do Generally target bows are longer than those designed for hunting Target bows typically are 60 to 70 inches long hunting bows are 54 to 64 inches long In general the longer the bow the smoother and more accurate the shot the shorter the bow the more arrow speed and ease of handling when hunting A good bow length to
38. he top 32 archers at the end of the FITA round advance to the single elimination match play where they shoot one on one against their competition Twelve arrows shot at 70 meters determine the winner of each match who then advances to the next level of competition Ties are broken with a single arrow shoot off ARCHERY TERMS Archery Terms anchor point The point on an archer s face that the index finger or drawing hand touches during holding and aiming arm guard A piece of leather or other material worn on the arm that holds the bow to protect the forearm from being slapped by the bowstring arrowplate Material glued to the side of the bow where the arrow contacts it The plate protects the bow from the friction of the arrow Some modern bows have adjustable arrowplates to help tune the bow precisely arrow rest A small protrusion on the bow where the arrow rests during the draw axle The shaft around which a cam or idler wheel of a compound bow rotates back The outer side of the bow farthest away from the string barbs The two sharp points of an arrow head that project backward bow arm The arm that holds the bow while shooting bow sight A sighting device attached to a bow bowstring wax A silicon or beeswax based material used to lubricate bow strings and to keep them from fraying bow weight See draw weight brace To string a bow broadhead A hunting point with two or more cutting
39. ive with this project through the end The BSA greatly appreciates his expertise and involvement Thanks to John Goodrich D Timothy Scronce and Arthur Hall for their contribution to this pamphlet Thanks to Jack Pedersen and Craig Pedersen for the many hours they spent assisting with photography Thanks also to the City of Richardson Texas and its staff at Breckinridge Park for allowing the BSA to use their first rate archery facilities during a photo shoot ARCHERY 77 ARCHERY RESOURCES Photo and Illustration Credits Robert W Goodrich courtesy pages 34 35 all 37 two bottom 38 39 all and 51 Photos com page 9 All other photos and illustrations not mentioned above are the property of or are protected by the Boy Scouts of America John McDearmon pages 12 30 42 45 bottom 47 59 and 65 78 ARCHERY Notes Notes MERIT BADGE LIBRARY Though intended as an aid to Boy Scouts Varsity Scouts and qualified Venturers in meeting merit badge requirements these pamphlets are of general interest and are made available by many schools and public libraries The latest revision date of each pamphlet might not correspond with the copyright date shown below because this list is corrected only once a year in January Any number of merit badge pamphlets may be revised throughout the year others are simply reprinted until a revision becomes necessary If a Scout has already started working on a merit badge
40. k Rowe Ruth and Alan Anderson Simple Maintenance for Archery 031B book Instructional archery videos including Larry Wise s The Complete Guide to Beginning Archery are available from Robinhood Video Productions Inc 1600 Reynoldsburg New Albany Road Blacklick OH 43004 telephone 614 322 1038 Web site http www robinhoodvideos com Periodicals Archery Focus magazine Toll free telephone 800 671 1140 Web site http www archeryfocus com Organizations and Web Sites International Archery Federation F d ration Internationale de Tir a Avenue de Rhodanie 54 CH 1007 Lausanne Switzerland Web site Attp www archery org International Bowhunting Organization Telephone 440 967 2137 Web site Attp www ibo net National Field Archery Association Toll free telephone 800 811 2331 Web site http www nfaa archery org USA Archery National Archery Association NAA One Olympic Plaza Colorado Springs CO 80909 Telephone 719 866 4576 Web site http www usarchery org Robert Goodrich left ARCHERY RESOURCES U S and International Archer Telephone 520 742 5846 Web site http www usarcher com Acknowledgments The Boy Scouts of America thanks devoted Scouter Robert W Goodrich Ph D Randolph Vermont for his large role in this new edition of the Archery merit badge pamphlet He compiled and wrote the manuscript assisted with photography and cheerfully remained act
41. ken strands OPTION B COMPOUND BOWS If any of the strands are broken replace the string If no strands are broken give the string a good coat of wax to help prevent further fraying Check the serving and repair or replace it if it is loose or worn The serving protects the delicate fibers of the strands from directly contacting the arrow nock and assures longer string life Replacing the string and most other repairs and adjustments made on a compound bow require that the tension on the string and cables be relieved A special compound bow press holds the bow and allows the limbs to flex without pulling the string This is the only safe and convenient method that will not damage the bow Only a knowledgeable profes sional bowyer should repair and adjust the bow A bowyer 15 someone who makes or services bows ARCHERY 51 SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW Shooting a Bow and Arrow A bow is not ready for action until it is braced strung If you are shooting a recurve bow or longbow use a stringer to string your bow each time The photos show the proper ways to string straight and recurve bows Improper stringing can dam age or twist a bow s limbs When you string your bow also check the string height fistmele The string height is the distance between the handle and the string when the bow is strung The manu facturer sets the correct string height On most modern bows it is from 7 to 9 inches 18 to
42. le of the board until the two sets of marks are opposite each other You must now separate the two sets of strings A commercially made jig has a specially grooved device to hold them apart but a small block of wood will do as well MAKING A BOWSTRING An Alternative Bowstring Jig You can make a bow string jig using two nails and a wooden board or plank about 6 feet long Step 1 Drive a head less nail into one end of the board If you have a spare bowstring put one end of the string over the nail Step 2 Stretch the string the length of the board then drive a nail into the other end at that point When you put the loose end of the string over the second nail the string should be taut If you do not have a spare string to make this measurement place the two nails so they will be 4 inches closer together than the length of your bow This is the distance along the face of the bow between the string grooves the ends of the bow where the bowstring is fitted of the unstrung bow Step 6 You are now ready to serve the loops Refer to the pre vious instructions for how to make the servings on the two sets of strings Shift the string until the served sections are around the nails The ends of the servings should be offset by about 1 4 inch Close the loops using the technique described previously ARCHERY 39 4 OPTION A RECURVE BOWS AND LONGBOWS O
43. nected to a wrist strap The glove should fit snugly but not tightly over the three shooting fingers Carefully select a glove that fits well and is comfortable Tab The simplest and least expensive finger protection is the tab Available in various forms the tab generally is a loose flap of plastic or leather that lies over the fingers that draw the bowstring As a beginner you may find the tab awkward but with a little practice you can become com fortable using one ARCHERY 25 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Mechanical Release Aids Mechanical release aids that replace the fingers in holding and releasing the bowstring have grown in use in recent decades The three major types of mechanical releases are rope solid one piece and moving sections Use extreme care with mechanical releases The Boy Scouts of America recommends that mechanical release aids be used only under the strict Supervision of a qualified merit badge counselor 26 ARCHERY ARCHERY EQUIPMENT Because the finger release is an important part of championship form mechanical releases are not allowed in tournaments sanctioned by the F d ration Internationale de Tir a l Arc FITA known in the United States as the International Archery Federation These tournaments include the Olympics world championships and U S national championships Bow Slings The best way to hold a bow is to hold it without wrapping your fingers around it However if yo
44. oe a gt ORIENTATION ENTRANCE tw ae E SHELTER N ARCHERY SAFETY RULES C Range Commands General Archery Safety Rules The whistle commands used on a range and their related An end is the verbal commands are as follows 1 Two blasts on a whistle Step to the shooting number of arrows line You may step to the shooting line and pick up shot usually three your bow You may not pick up any arrows fos ding 2 One blast on whistle Commence shooting You may pick up an arrow and shoot this end When you are done put your bow in a bow stand and step to the waiting line one turn 3 Three blasts on a whistle Retrieve your arrows To let down is You may go downrange and retrieve your arrows aa to slowly relax Follow the three rules for retrieving arrows above the bowstring 4 Four or more blasts a whistle STOP or Cease fire Do not shoot Immediately let down without releasing place your arrow in your quiver and your bow in its stand and step back to the waiting line until the emergency is cleared the arrow Keep all arrows in their quiver until ready to shoot To carry arrows in your hands carry them securely with both hands around all of the arrows and with your palms facing down However the best way to transport an arrow is safely in its quiver Be sure the area around and beyond your target is clear before you shoot N
45. oose sight Side of the face anchor ARCHERY 57 SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW 58 Homemade bow sight ARCHERY Aim Two basic methods are used for aiming a bow bow sight and point of aim The bow sight method is more accurate and easier to learn BOW SIGHT Bow sights of all kinds are available Some are simple pins while others are complex sights for advanced target competi tion All sights work the same way Their only difference is that some are more easily adjustable for different distances To start try a simple pin or target type sight You can make your own Place a strip of foam tape on the back of your bow above the handle Then put a round headed pin the kind with a glass or enamel bead head in the tape so that the head is visible on the arrow side of the bow To establish a sight for 10 yards put the pin in the tape about 5 inches above the handle with the pinhead sticking out to the left of the bow about 4 inch Choose a small 1 inch aiming spot on your target 10 yards away With the arrow fully drawn and anchored raise or lower the bow so that the pinhead is in line with the right eye and the aiming spot and release the arrow Shoot three to six arrows in the same way and see where they group If all arrows hit the aiming spot you have established the 10 yard sight If the arrows group a little high move the pin up a bit Adjust the sight until the arrows consistently hit at or near the spot Mark
46. ot a specific distance Homemade sights work as well as store bought sights the adjustments just are not as precise LINE OF SIGHT POINT OF AIM TRAJECTORY ARCHERY 59 TiN CAT 1 Va A D SHOOTING A Cast is the distance a bow can shoot an arrow If you fish you know that a throw of a fishing line or net is also a Cast 60 ARCHERY WAT AND AD DOWI IW AND ARROW POINT OF AIM The point of aim method requires the archer to rely on instinct The archer looks down the arrow shaft to a spot on the ground in front of the target called the point of aim Usually the point of aim is a rock a piece of paper light colored plastic or other marker In effect the archer uses the point of the arrow as a sight If the arrow misses the target the point of aim marker is moved forward or back until the arrow strikes the target center See the illustration Thanks to modern technology and an open philosophy that archery is a sport for just about anyone thousands of people with disabilities are able to participate in archery both competitively and for fun Archery equipment manufacturers have developed gear especially for archers with special needs A number of organizations and facilities actively support and promote archery for people with disabilities In addition to help equalize competition among archers with disabilities multiple categories of competition have been developed Serious archers are
47. our bowstring you will need a bowstring jig a serving jig a spool of Dacron bowstring material a spool of nylon serving string a marking pen and a pair of scissors or a knife ARCHERY 29 MAKING A BOWSTRING gt SSP ue SS HOLE 17 1 2 DIA AA 29 3 8 HOLE lt 31 2 Bowstring Making Jig Materials Needed Construction Tips One 2 x 4 very straight board 8 feet long 1 Set the dowels in 2 inch holes One 9 inch 3 8 birch dowel 2 Make the uprights by reducing Two 3 8 inch wing nuts the 11 2 inch side of a2 x 4 Two 3 s inch flat washers to 1 inch Two 31 2 inch 3 8 carriage bolts 3 Glue and screw the uprights Six 21 2 inch 10 wood screws to their bases 30 ARCHERY BF MAKING BOWSTRING Setting Up the Jig and Making the Dacron Bundle Step 1 Clamp the bowstring making jig to a table Turn the rotating end of the jig so it is along the jig s axis Step 2 Move the jig s sliding end so its dowel is just the length of a bowstring from the dowel on the rotating head that is farthest away That distance is the length of an old bow string that fits your bow or if an old bowstring is not available 4 inches less than the length of your bow Step 3 Turn the rotating head perpendicular to the axis of the jig Make sure both wing nuts are tight Step 4 Start the bowstring by wrapping several turns of the Dacron bowstring thread around
48. ption A Recurve Bows and Longbows Early archers used simple longbows and recurve bows The first bows were made from a single piece of wood and usually they had straight limbs Where good bow wood was scarce people learned to make composite bows from wood horn and sinew These bows were often recurved much like the one illustrated in this chapter You may select a single piece bow which does not come apart or a takedown bow which breaks into three sections a handle riser and upper and lower limbs Takedown bows are easier to store and more convenient for travel than single piece bows An archer who hunts and target shoots can use the same handle riser with two sets of limbs rather than use two separate bows for these pursuits Whatever bow you choose the two most important factors in selecting it are its draw weight and its length Draw Weight Draw weight is the amount of force needed to pull the bow string back the length of the arrow That force is measured in pounds For easy comparison because arrows come in many lengths draw weight is always measured with the bowstring drawn back a standard distance of 28 inches The number of pounds it takes to pull the bowstring back that far is the bow s draw weight A bow marked 33 at 28 has a draw weight of 33 pounds A bow s draw weight will be marked on its handle or lower limb If you decide to buy a takedown bow make sure the limbs fit snugly and do not move at the
49. rd orders VISA MasterCard American Express www scoutstuff org call BSA operators toll free 1 800 323 0732 HE SUPPLY GROUP IS READY TO BE A PARTNER 4 gt 26 F ON YOUR TRAIL EAGLE THROUGH HIGH ADVENTURE THE ADVENTURE IS YOURS AND WE ARE READY WITH THE GEAR YOU WILL NEED YOU CAN DEPEND ON THE LATEST IN LIGHTWEIGHT DURABLE QUALITY GEAR THAT WILL MEET AND SURPASS YOUR TOUGHEST REQUIREMENTS 7 gt N WWW SCOUTSTUFF ORG SKU 35856 TY S0170 390050 7 35856 2010 Printing ON THE ROAD TO HIGH ADVENTURE FLORIDA SEA BASE
50. rent so that less space is required HUNTER S ROUND NFAA The hunter s round is designed to give the archer practice in concentrating on the target area The target is all black with lighter lines marking the five scoring areas Shooting distances are slightly less than in the field round but the same course is used with red stakes marking the shooting positions Archers must change positions for each shot in a hunter s round Scoring is the same as in a field round 5 points for the bull s eye or spot 4 points for the next two rings and 3 points for the two outer rings ANIMAL ROUND NFAA The animal round designed for bow hunting practice is laid out on the same course as the field and hunter s rounds However animal target faces are used instead of circular black and white targets Targets have two scoring areas the vital and nonvital areas Three arrows may be used for each target The first arrow to hit scores any remaining arrows are not scored Thus if the first arrow hits the target the second and third arrows are not scored Scoring is shown in the chart Target Sizes and Shooting Distances for the NFAA and Scout Field Rounds NFAA Field Round Scout Field Round BSA Distances Target Size Distance Target Size Yards Centimeters Yards Centimeters 80 70 60 50 65 7 20 65 65 11 35 60 65 15 50 55 65 20 65 50 50 12 35 45 40 35 30 50 16 50 45 50 21 65 40 50 13 35 35 35 35 35 50 17 50
51. rstanding and appreciation of archery ARCHERY 9 ARCHERY SAFETY RULES Archery Safety Rules Archery is lots of fun but fun can quickly turn into tragedy unless every archer observes some commonsense safety rules As a Scout and an archer you must learn and practice these simple rules any time you are using a bow and arrow Archery Range Safety Rules A Three Rules When on the Shooting Line 1 Know and obey the range commands see section C below 2 Always point the arrow in a safe direction either at the ground or at the target 3 When done shooting place the bow in your bow stand and step back from the shooting line B Three Rules When Retrieving Arrows 1 Retrieve arrows only when the shooting line is clear and the range officer signals Retrieve your arrows 2 As you walk forward to the target waiting line pick up any arrows on the ground your own and all others as well 3 Only one archer may pull arrows from the target at a time all others stand 6 feet back from the target at the target waiting line ARCHERY 11 CLEARED SAFETY AREA RECOMMENDED MINIMUM 50 FEET MAXIMUM 100 FEET 29 25 PEET 20 vagos x CES I __ x 40 E 90 a OR ROE 20 SOD COVER WITHIN FENCED AREA 10 Y LINE WAITING 30 9 FEET BEHIND LINE SHOOTING LINE EQUIPMENT E E
52. t When this serving is done you will have made a serviceable bowstring MAKING A BOWSTRING Applying the Nocking Point The nocking point is about 7 inch above the place where a bow square rests on the arrow rest and it is perpendicular to the bowstring Mark this point and either wrap extra serving string around the bowstring to build a small mound as shown here or place a brass nocking point on the string see view 1 The nocking point will ensure that the arrow meets the same place on the bowstring for each shot see view 2 ARCHERY 37 MAKING A BOWSTRING 38 ARCHERY You now have a homemade bowstring jig and can use it to make a bowstring Step 1 Attach Dacron thread to one of the nails and wind the thread around the other nail until you have the number of strands the thread package recommends Or wind the Dacron thread around the nails until you have 10 strands for a 25 pound bow or 12 strands for a 35 pound bow Step 2 Tie the two ends of the thread together and cut off the loose ends Step 3 Shift the string on both nails until the knot you have just made is about 2 2 inches from one nail Step 4 Using the knot as a guide mark the string directly opposite it Also make two marks at the other end of the string These marks should also be about 2 1 2 inches from their nail These two sections will form the loops Step 5 Slip the knot and marks on the string toward the midd
53. t requires a 28 inch bowstring The maximum draw weight and draw length could be adjusted to fit your needs but the string length will always be 28 inches OPTION B COMPOUND BOWS A good maximum draw weight to start with is about 35 pounds with a full draw weight of about 20 pounds This weight will allow you to learn and practice the skills of archery Archery is not a test of strength but of skill If your bow is too hard to pull you will have a hard time learning to shoot accurately You should be able to pull and hold your bow at full draw 10 times for 5 to 10 seconds at a time without shak ing or getting tired After you learn the fundamentals of good shooting and you have strengthened your shooting muscles with practice you may choose to increase the maximum and full draw weights of your bow Bow Length The length of a compound bow is measured from the axle of the cam or idler on the upper limb to the axle of the cam on the lower limb An example of a bow length is ATA 34 inch ARCHERY 49 OPTION B COMPOUND BOWS A bow square 15 a I shaped device used to measure nocking height and string height 50 ARCHERY The length of the bow you choose will depend mainly on the type of shooting you will do Generally target bows are longer than those designed for hunting Compound bows for target shooting are typically 38 to 44 inches long hunting bows are 32 to 38 inches long In general the longer the bow the
54. t or undergo temperature change Many archers have special cases for storing their arrows Others keep them in quivers hanging on a wall Never put anything on top of your arrows this could damage the fletching and bend the shafts ARCHERY ARCHERY EQUIPMENT To make common repairs follow the instructions for attaching nocks points and feathers in the section Making Arrows Quivers Quivers hold your arrows when you are shooting The style of quiver you choose will depend on the type of archery you shoot e Belt quivers attach to your belt and allow you to reach arrows easily Styles include vertical diagonal hip pocket and holster e Ground quivers stick in the ground They may have a rack to hold your bow as well as a container to keep your arrows upright e Back quivers sling over either shoulder One drawback to these quivers is that you must reach high to withdraw an Belt quiver arrow a problem if you are try ing to sneak up on game or you are target shooting in a forested area Ground quiver e Bow quivers attach to the bow giving hunters the convenience of carrying only one piece of equipment through the brush Some field archers use bow quivers but tournament archers usually find them too clumsy Back quiver Bow quiver ARCHERY 21 ARCHERY EQUIPMENT ooo Making an Arrow Start with a bare shaft attach a nock a point and three fletchings and if you want a cr
55. target Stand up straight and keep your weight evenly balanced on both feet Look directly at the target Stance 54 ARCHERY SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW Nock Nocking the arrow means placing the arrow on the string and the bow With your right hand lay the shaft of the arrow on the arrow rest Nock the arrow fit its notched end onto the string at the proper nocking point just below and touching the nock locator Be sure the index odd colored feather is facing away from the bow Nock Set Keep your shoulders level Set your left hand if you are right handed comfortably in the handle of the bow Lightly hold the bow with its weight against the base of your thumb Center the bow s pressure in the Y formed by your thumb and index finger Avoid an overly RE grip on the bow handle because a tight grip chokes the bow s natural action Place three fingers of your right hand on the bowstring index finger above the arrow and middle two fingers below it The string should rest in the first joint of all three fingers Your right hand is now forming a hook on the bowstring ARCHERY 55 SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW Predraw Raise your left arm and the bow until the arrow is pointed directly at the target At the same time rotate your left elbow downward so it will not be in the way of the string when you release Your left hand lightly holds the handle of the bow The elbow of your drawing arm should be near
56. that when the bowstring is drawn to the bow s preset draw length the bow cannot be drawn any further This means your bow must be adjusted to your draw length Most compound bows have a limited range of draw length adjustments A knowledgeable adult should make the adjustments You may select a single cam bow or a two cam bow The single cam bow will have an idler wheel at one end of the bow and the cam at the other end as shown A two cam bow will have cams at both ends Both types perform well Your choice will depend on your preferences Try both types before you decide which kind you want Whatever bow you choose the two most important factors in selecting it are its draw weights both maximum and at full draw and its length Draw Weights Draw weight is the amount of force needed to pull back the bowstring That force is measured in pounds A compound bow has two draw weights the maximum draw weight and the weight at full draw Most good compound bows have adjustable draw weights The maximum draw weight the factory set draw length and the ATA bowstring length usually are marked on the face of the lower limb ATA stands for Archery Trade Association which sets standards for bow weight and bow and string length For example a compound bow might be marked 50 at 29 and 28 bowstring That bow can be adjusted to have a maximum draw weight of 50 pounds it has a draw length of 29 inches as it comes from the factory box and i
57. the level of your nose Draw Extending your left arm fully and keeping your left shoulder down begin to draw the bowstring with your right hand Keep your right hand and elbow at shoulder level Your right forearm becomes a straight line extension of the arrow Use your strong back muscles to draw the bow concentrating on smoothly and steadily moving your elbow straight back Be sure to draw your bow the same length each time Anchor The anchor point is where the archer s hand and bowstring touch the face at full draw It is essential that you use the same anchor point Draw for every shot The anchor point serves as the rear sight 56 ARCHERY SHOOTING A BOW AND ARROW Under the chin anchor The two basic anchors are the under the chin anchor that most target archers use and the side of the face anchor that most bowhunters use Beginners are advised to start with the under the chin anchor because it calls for consistency and can easily be checked Also it allows for easier string alignment and more accurate shooting As you reach full draw your head will rest on top of your hand Your index finger will contact your jawbone forming a solid contact point The bowstring will touch the tip of your nose and the center of your chin These three contact points make this anchor solid and reliable gt KERN 4 sloppy anchor is the same as a l
58. tyle may use approved shooting aids In target archery freestyle permits stabilizers and pin sights but does not allow release aids or optical sights In field archery freestyle allows stabilizers release aids and optical sights National International and Olympic Shooting After you have earned the Archery merit badge you might want to try your skills in a tournament Local clubs put on tourna ments for both target and field shooters You might even set your sights on national international or Olympic competition The recognized championship round for national inter national and Olympic archery tournaments is called the FITA The FITA is shot in groups of 36 arrows at four distances marked off in meters FITA distances are Gentlemen 90 70 50 and 30 meters Ladies 70 60 50 and 30 meters The longer distances are always shot first In the FITA two different size target faces are used a 122 centimeter 48 inch face at the longer two distances and an 80 centimeter 32 inch face at the shorter two distances Both faces have five color zones gold red blue black and white A scoring line divides each zone into two areas making a total of 10 scoring zones These zones are worth from 10 points for the center to 1 point the outer ring The highest score possible in a single FITA round is 1 440 In most international tournaments including the Olympics competition starts with one FITA round shot over two days T
59. u shoot this way the bow will jump out of your hand when you release the string You will need a bow sling to keep the bow from falling to the ground Different styles of bow slings can be bought or made out of cord or leather The two major types are the finger sling and the wrist sling Try the different styles of bow slings to see which one works best for you and needs no adjustment after each shot The finger sling attaches around the thumb and the index finger of the bow hand You also can make a simple finger sling using a shoestring Wrist slings are either mounted on the bow and laid across the wrist or looped around the wrist with an end going around the bow and hooked onto the loop on the inside of the wrist ARCHERY 27 MAKING A BOWSTRING Making a Bowstring In earlier times bowstrings were made from raw animal and vegetable fibers Later linen came into use because it was strong and did not stretch as much as those fibers two primary requirements for bowstring material In recent years science has developed excellent synthetic fibers including Dacron which most beginning archers use for their bowstrings Though there are many ways to make a bowstring the method described here is most commonly used and one of the simplest for a Scout Work carefully and you will be finished in about an hour With practice you can make a bowstring in less than a half hour Bowstring servings To make y
60. when a new edition for that pamphlet is introduced he may continue to use the same merit badge pamphlet to earn the badge and fulfill the requirements therein In other words the Scout need not start all over again with the new pamphlet and possibly revised requirements Merit Badge Pamphlet Year Merit Badge Pamphlet Year Merit Badge Pamphlet Year American Business 2002 Engineering 2008 Photography 2005 American Cultures 2005 Entrepreneurship 2006 Pioneering 2006 American Heritage 2005 Environmental Science 2006 Plant Science 2005 American Labor 2006 Family Life 2005 Plumbing 2004 Animal Science 2006 Farm Mechanics 2008 Pottery 2008 Archaeology 2006 Fingerprinting 2003 Public Health 2005 Archery 2004 Fire Safety 2004 Public Speaking 2002 Architecture 2008 First Aid 2007 Pulp and Paper 2006 Art 2006 Fish and Wildlife Radio 2008 Astronomy 2004 Management 2004 Railroading 2003 Athletics 2006 Fishing 2009 Reading 2003 Automotive Maintenance 2008 Fly Fishing 2009 Reptile and Aviation 2006 Forestry 2005 Amphibian Study 2005 Backpacking 2007 Gardening 2002 Rifle Shooting 2001 Basketry 2003 Genealogy 2005 Rowing 2006 Bird Study 2005 Geology 2005 Safety 2006 Bugling see Music Golf 2002 Salesmanship 2003 Camping 2005 Graphic Arts 2006 Scholarship 2004 Canoeing 2004 Hiking 2007 Scuba Diving 2009 Chemistry 2004 Home Repairs 2009 Sculpture 2007 Cinematography 2008 Horsemanship 20
61. wing a State and explain the Range Safety Rules 1 Three safety rules when on the shooting line 2 Three safety rules when retrieving arrows 3 The four whistle commands used on a range and their related verbal commands b State and explain the general safety rules for archery Demonstrate how to safely carry arrows in your hands c Tell about your local and state laws for owning and using archery tackle 2 Do the following a Name and point to the parts of an arrow b Describe three or more different types of arrows c Name the four principal materials for making arrow shafts d Make a complete arrow from a bare shaft e Explain how to properly care for and store arrows 3 Do the following a Explain how to properly care for and store tabs arm guards shooting gloves and quivers b Explain the following terms cast draw weight string height fistmele aiming spine mechanical release freestyle and barebow c Make a bowstring 35856 ISBN 978 0 8395 3259 0 2004 Boy Scouts of America BANG Brainerd MN 2010 Printing 4 2010 056826 4 Explain the following The importance of obedience to a range officer or other person in charge of a range The difference between an end and a round c The differences among field target and 3 D archery How the five color National Archery Association NAA or F d ration Internationale de Tir a FITA target is scored How the National
62. with the bowstring drawn back a standard distance of 28 inches The draw weight of a compound bow is the pounds of pull needed to hold the bow at the draw length at which the bow is set Also see maximum draw weight drawing arm The arm that draws the bowstring face The scoring surface on a target The face is usually made of paper but other materials such as thin plastics and plasti cized paper are in common use Also the side of the bow nearest the string finger sling A strap attached to the thumb and index finger of the bow hand and used to keep the bow from falling after an arrow s release fistmele The traditional term for string height Fistmele was measured by placing the fist on the bow handle and raising the thumb toward the string This method of measurement is not applicable to most modern bows fletch To put feathers or plastic vanes on the arrow near its nock fletcher One who puts feathers or vanes on an arrow Also a term for the jig used to place feathers on the arrow when cementing them to the shaft flight arrow A light arrow used in shooting for distance flight bow A bow designed for maximum cast with little consideration for accuracy flu flu An arrow used to shoot aerial disc targets or hunting birds It has very large feathers that slow it rapidly after the first 30 yards and cause it to drop quickly glove Three leather fingers held with a wrist strap on the first three fingers
63. ympic Development Program JOAD qualify as a Yeoman Junior Bowman and Bowman OR 4 As a member of the NFAA s Junior Division earn a Cub or Youth 100 score Progression Patch ARCHERY 5 ARCHERY 7 Bow and Arrow When a Scout picks up a bow and arrow he becomes heir to one of humankind s oldest legacies Archery plays a large part in stories of Cherokee hunters and is at the heart of the Robin Hood legend The Huns were famous for their composite ox horn bows and the Moguls of India made bows entirely of steel i But for all its age archery remains a living and vibrant sport that is still practiced throughout the world Although modern laminated recurve and compound bows look little like the primitive bows our ancestors used the essentials of archery are unchanged A steady hand a good eye and a disciplined mind remain essential to the modern archer Like many other sports archery is a fun way to exercise minds as well as bodies The sport has dozens of variations Many archers start with target archery shooting arrows at a five color 10 ring target But the sport also offers field archery clout archery 3 D archery action archery walk up rounds and many others BOW AND ARROW If this merit badge is your first step into the world of the bow and arrow then we welcome you to a challenging and enjoyable sport If you already are an archer then we hope to increase your unde

Archery Merit Badge Pamphlet 35856

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