User Manual: www.ency-astro.com How to Use The
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1. Please copy the information and report your findings to reference macmillan com au If you are still encountering problems or if you have any questions please contact us immediately At all times we are available at reference macmillan com au to provide help For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 7 reference macmillan com au2. x at the top right of the figure s window e To see if the article contains any tables related articles or further information select and click then follow above mentioned instructions Feedback The Feedback link and function is provided for you to let us know what you think of the site of special difficulties you may have encountered features you find particularly useful or subject areas you feel could be expanded upon Please do not hesitate to contact us regarding any aspect of the site Links This page offers links to EAA content related links and other important astronomical sites including images surveys publications conferences and meetings databases and search engines As EAA continues to develop further sites will be added all evaluated by our editorial staff and scientific advisers and held to the same exacting editorial criteria as EAA itself Updates and New Content EAA is a dynamic reference resource that will expand and evolve as the subject itself expands and evolves A major ongoing programme of expansion and updating has been launched with the goal of updating approximately 20 of the content every year The following completely new articles extending the scope of the original EAA were added to the site on 23 July 2001 e Birkeland Kristian e Hobby Eberly telescope e BOOMERANG and its results e South African Astronomical Observatory e Cataclysmic variables the magnetic 1972 to present systems e St
3. User Manual www ency astro com How to Use The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics Introduction What is The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics What areas does The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics Cover Entering the Site Searching the Site Quick Search Article Search Variations in Searching Author Search Illustration Search All Text Search Search Results Alternate Methods of Searching Advanced Search Reference Search Saved Searches Subject Browse A Z Browse Subject Browse Contributor Browse Tips for Viewing an Article Feedback Links Updates and New Content Technical support Browsers Screen Resolution Cache Blockers Proxy Servers Firewalls and Special Caches Local Internet Cache Are you still having problems accessing the site For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail reference macmillan com au NNNNNOOD A TAUMHTHTAAAARAR BWWWW WWH WH NNN Introduction What is The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics EAA provides a complete source of information on the two complex disciplines of astronomy and astrophysics It is the only reference work to cover both fields in such depth and combines meticulous research with a highly indexed and cross r
4. ar of Bethlehem e Colombo Guiseppe e Telescopes of the future e Comet LINEAR Amended or revised versions of the following articles were added to the site on 23 July 2001 e Aristotle e ASCA Advanced Satellite for Cosmology e Art and Literature and Astrophysics Astro D For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 5 reference macmillan com au e Asteroids e Jupiter Magnetosphere e Astronomy and Astrophysics in India e Keplers Laws e BeppoSAXx Satellite for X ray Astronomy e Kuiper Belt e Blaauw Adriaan e Maclear Thomas e Black Hole e Magnetosphere of Earth e Cluster Membership e Magnetosphere of Earth Substorms e COBE Cosmic Background Explorer e Mars e Comet Hale Bopp e Mars Atmosphere e Cosmic Microwave Background e Mars Surface e Cosmic Rays e McDonald Observatory e Cosmic Rays Extensive Air Showers e Multiple Mirror Telescope Observatory e Distribution of Galaxies Clusters and e NEAR Superclusters e Neutron Stars e Dusty Circumstellar Disks e Nuclear Processing e Eclipse e Occultation e Eros e Saturn e Europa e Saturn Satellites e Exoplanets e South American Astronomy e Extrasolar Planetary Companions and e Space Instrumentation Imaging Brown Dwarfs Interferometry e Galactic Open Clusters e Space Research Institute e Galileo Mission to Jupiter e Stellar Evolution e Hewish Antony e Stellar Masses M Keck Observatory e In
5. e This function allows you to locate a contributor s article by its heading and can be done in two different ways The first is to click on the first letter of the contributor s name for which you are searching A list of contributors beginning with that letter will appear Selecting any contibutor will show all the articles that have been provided by them Alternately use the Go to box to move through the list to a specific place Type in the first few letters of the contributor s name and press the Go to button Tips for Viewing an Article e Once you have clicked on an article title from your search results the article will appear with the title at the top as well as the name s of the author s and the publication date e Read the complete text of the article by scrolling up or down using the single arrows at the top and bottom of the screen on the far right hand side e To the left of the article s text is its Table of Contents You can link directly to any section of the article by clicking on that section in the Table of Contents e Located directly above the Table of Contents are three terms contents figures tables related articles and more information If you click on figures the Table of Contents on view will be replaced by a list of figures for that particular article By clicking on a figure a new window will open containing the picture and its caption To close the figure simply click on the
6. e screen To change the screen resolution go to your window display area which is usually found under settings For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 6 reference macmillan com au Cache Blockers For your IT staff www ency astro com has a cache blocker on the gateway page thereby preventing IP access if you are using a cache on your server If so please bypass the cache for use of this site Our cache blocker ensures all information from our site received by you is the most up to date possible Proxy Servers If your registration is coming through an institutional proxy server or firewall and is affecting your access to www ency astro com we may need to register both the IP address of your own computer and the address of your proxy server Your IT department should be able to provide you with the IP address of the proxy server Firewalls and Special Caches If your institution runs a Firewall or Special Cache this may cause our host site to read a different IP address to that you have supplied If the IP address is read differently you will asked for username and password login even though you have been set up for access via IP If the IP address our registration system is reading from you may be different from the one you provided you may be browsing through a firewall or cache Your institution will then need to bypass the firewall or cache or
7. e circle to the left of Illustration so that a black dot appears Then click on Search to the right of the search box This takes you to your search results All Text Search If you find no results using the Article search facility try the more thorough All Text Search This searches the entire text of EAA for every mention of your chosen search term For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 3 reference macmillan com au On the Search Page enter your subject in the search box in the centre of the screen and click on the circle next to All Text so that the black dot appears Click on Search to the right of the search box This takes you directly to your search results You may also perform quick all text searches from the search box found in the top right corner of every screen Don t forget to put multiple word searches in quotation marks Search Results The search results are given in order of relevance to the inquiry and each subject article begins at a basic level of understanding and progresses to higher levels of complexity making the encyclopedia accessible to a wide range of users Alternate Methods of Searching Advanced Search This Advanced Search page can be used for more complex Boolean searches Use the two text boxes in the centre of the screen and select AND OR NOT or NEAR as appropriate You can search on multiple sections to y
8. eference online format www ency astro com enables users to search the complete text and features sophisticated search facilities extensive linking and continuous updating The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics combines the strengths of Dr Paul Murdin two respected publishers distinguished Editorial and Advisory Boards and of more than 800 experts in their respective fields to create this unparalleled event in scientific publishing EAA explains 30 different subject areas in all their range and complexity Comprising 2 493 articles a total of 2 5 million words The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics combines accessibility with unrivalled scope and authority EAA also offers unique article organisation making these complex subject areas accessible to a broad range of users Each article spans its subject matter at a range of levels becoming increasingly specialised as the article progresses Each long article includes a bibliography which will guide users in moving forward and accessing key sources in the primary literature and further reading Extensive indexes are included for over 14 000 entries making it easy for the user to expand or refine searches combining user friendly accessibility with continually updated information ensuring that this incredible resource will continue to provide all astronomers and astrophysicists around the globe with the information they need Who would use The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophys
9. formation Handling in Astronomy The following new articles are also in the preparation Pease revisit http www macmillanonline net eaa Coverage whatsnew htm frequently for the latest status e Active galactic nuclei parsec radio structure e Mars oceans valleys and climate e Archaeoastronomy e Mass extinctions volcanic upheavals and e Astronomical distance scale continental break up e Astronomy of the North American Indians e Stellar distributions e Dating events in the solar system e Supernovae as cosmological probes e Early type stars as tracers of stellar and e Magnetosphere of Earth magnetosheath galactic evolution e Motions of nearby galaxies Technical support Browsers Your browser must be running at least Internet Explorer 4 0 or Netscape 4 0 If you are not running this you will see marked reduction in functionality for example constant Java script errors or inability to view the image or content boxes The IT department of your institution will be able to upgrade you or alternatively you can upgrade your browser free of charge from either www microsoft com or www netscape com Screen Resolution Your screen resolution should be set to 800 x 600 pixels This is the optimum resolution for www ency astro com Although this will not affect the functionality of the product it will create some problems is viewing the pages For example can you see your Help button in the bottom left hand corner of th
10. ics The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics combines unrivalled authority with exceptional accessibility for a variety of users Our broad range of potential users includes e Astronomers and Astrophysicists will rely on the Encyclopedia as a scholarly introduction to fields outside their own expertise e Students will find the Encyclopedia invaluable for project work and background reading e Teachers will use the Encyclopedia to enhance their own research for lessons or assigned reading e Librarians using the Encyclopedia can help their patrons answer thousands of questions in all areas of astronomy and astrophysics and quickly direct them to further reading e Researchers and Professionals in Other Fields such as history biology physics and meteorology will find the Encyclopedia an ideal scholarly introduction to related or unfamiliar disciplines e Amateur Astronomers will welcome the quick definitions and facts and will appreciate the substantial articles that can answer their questions and enhance their knowledge and appreciation of astronomy What areas does The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics Cover As far ranging as the subjects it covers The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics in both the print and online editions presents definitive coverage of 30 major subject areas e Active galaxies e Education e Public impact e Astrometry e Galaxies e Solar activity e Astrophysical theory e Heliosphere e Solar hel
11. ield more precise search results Reference Search Search the reference and further reading lists of The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics articles for specific journal references book references or the whole reference list To search for journals fill out one or more of the boxes in the centre of the screen not including Publisher To search for books fill out one or more of the boxes below not including Title Saved Searches EAA enables users to personalize the site Articles and illustrations can be bookmarked and organized into customizable folders Complex search criteria can be saved making them quick and easy to re run To gain access to My EAA you will need a user name and password If you are accessing the main site via user name and password you still need to register separately as a My EAA user If you do not have a My EAA user name and password you will need to register through the site If you have previously registered for My EAA enter your user name and password in the boxes at the centre of the screen Subject Browse This feature allows you to search within any of the core subject areas by narrowing their focus until you find the article you re looking for Click on Browse at the top of the screen next to Search Browse the titles of articles within the context and across the 30 major subject areas or hierarchies that together form a network covering all the material in EAA Terms within the ne
12. iosphere e Atmospheres e History e Solar interior e Binary stars e Instrumentation e Solar systems e Biography e Interstellar medium e Space e Clusters e Light e Stellar astrophysics e Coordinates e Magnetosphere e Stellar populations e Cosmology e Matter e Telescopes e Earth e Planet earth e Time For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 2 reference macmillan com au A full contents list and list of new and updated articles recently added to the online edition can be viewed at http Awww macmillanonline net eaa Coverage fulllist htm For further information visit http www macmillanonline net eaa index htm Entering the Site Go to the gateway page www ency astro com With IP address verification you will gain immediate access to The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics homepage Alternatively if username and password login is necessary go to Subscriber Login and enter your login details click enter and this will bring you to the homepage Searching the Site Quick Search The search box at the top right hand corner of the screen is for free text article searches A quick search will locate an article by title simply type the title in the search bar Article Search From the home page click on the term Search located at the top left hand side of the screen Use this page to search through all EAA article content for a specific article Yo
13. provide the IP address of the firewall You will need to speak with your IT department for assistance Local Internet Cache If you have not recently cleared your local Internet cache you may experience general difficulties with the quality of your online access You may also find that access to www ency astro com is slow A basic first step is to ensure that you have cleaned out your cache as a full cache can slow performance down e To clear your cache in Internet Explorer go to View in your browser toolbar and then Internet Options You will then see the option to clear temporary files and clear history It would be advisable to keep both as clear as possible at all times e To clear your cache in Netscape go to Edit in your browser toolbar then choose Preferences From the menu that is displayed choose Advanced and then the sub heading Cache and you can then clear both your memory cache and disc cache e To clear any incorrectly saved cookies go to your C Drive open the Windows folder Click on either your Cookies or Temporary Internet Files folder Search for any Astro cookies and URL s then delete Are you still having problems accessing the site To determine your external IP address http network tools com Your IP is the one listed in the text field just above the Submit button Or use this Online Test Tool http omicron ingenta com acs acs frontpage html
14. twork comprise article titles and also grouping terms terms that are not article titles themselves but form part of the hierarchical structure A Z Browse This function allows you to search the whole of EAA for articles in two distinct methods The first is to search all of the article titles beginning with a specific letter of the alphabet By simply clicking on any letter of the alphabet as seen near the centre of this page you are instantly provided with a complete list of every article beginning with that letter Alternately A Z Browse also works well if you are unsure of the spelling of an article title By typing in the first few letters of the article title and then clicking Go to a listing of all articles beginning with those letters is provided This method of searching is also excellent if you are unsure of the definition of a subject area or topic Subject Browse To browse articles by subject category click on your chosen subject within this browse option or click on the arrow to expand the list An A Z list of the articles in that subject category will appear from which you For support simply click the Help button at the top right of www ency astro com or contact us directly at e mail 4 reference macmillan com au can click to go direct to the full text of an article Please note that this section of the site is currently being developed further and some categories will be changed and refined Contributor Brows
15. u can use this search page to search by article title author illustration or free text The search page automatically defaults to search by article title Select one of the following search fields by clicking on the circle to the left of your choice Title Author All Text or Illustration so that a black dot appears Type your search term s for which you are searching directly into the first or both boxes at the centre of the screen If you wish you can pick a Boolean option and or not to link them Check the Exact Match box to restrict your search to the exact words as entered in the boxes Notes To search for multiple words or a phrase simply type them into the text box For example active galaxies will find instances of both words together exactly as typed EAA uses British spelling Although this is irrelevant for the majority of searches please be aware of spellings such as colour ageing and kilometre See the help option at the top of the screen for more info Variations in Searching Author Search To search for an EAA author type the last name for which you are searching into the search box and click on the circle to the left of Author so that a black dot appears Then click on Search to the right of the search box This takes you to your search results Ilustration Search To search for an EAA illustration type the name of the image for which you are searching into the search box and click on th
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