The Hybrid Music System for the BBC Microcomputer USER GUIDE
Contents
1. If the instrument is in use it will not be deleted stripping out instruments Deleting instrument words individually can be very time consuming This can be automated by a text file of DELETE commands which you execute from disc as if entered at the keyboard using the EXEC command For each instrument program you keep a corresponding text file containing a DELETE command for each word such that if you were to load the instrument program and then execute its delete file you would be left with nothing When you execute the delete file on a piece that contains all the instrument program words only the unused instruments will be stripped out leaving just the essential words The best way of making a delete file is using a word processor or text editor to edit a plain list of the word names produced from the SHOW display The process is as follows create a word list in a text file by insprog LOAD load instrument program SPOOL wlist create text file containing SHOW SPOOL de Ale lO names of all words make a list of DELETE commands from the word list start word processor or text editor load wlist remove extra lines at start and end change lt cr gt to DELETE lt cr gt lt cr gt carriage return add at start and DELETE lt cr gt at end save as delfile Now you can strip all unused insprog words from the program in 3T Managing instruments memory by the command EXEC delfile Take care to na2. load program and enterinc Model B users users of other models rmixl RETURN Ox rmix2 RETURN 2 Q rmix2 gives a bigger choice of instruments 30 Music input 2 Select Keyboard press TAB and select an instrument with SHIFT up down left right Try playing it on the keyboard 3 Press TAB then f0 then select Staff Editor from the Main Menu 4 Press 4 CLEAR then TAB to enter edit mode 5 Press c for a clef RETURN for a note and left to move on to it 6 Slowly enter a tune Use SHIFT left right to change the current note value and DELETE to remove wrong notes 7 When complete press e for an end line and COPY to remove the brush note Press fl play to hear the tune 8 Press TAB and enter the command parti f2 3 to make the word 9 Repeat from step 4 for further parts using part2 etc for the word name The example mix has three voices on player 4 so if you want a chord part enter it as part 4 10 To play the complete piece press f0 and select Run program 11 To save the piece select Save program and enter a name You could continue by using the Mixing Desk to change instrument selections volume stereo balance tempo etc as described in the Music 5000 User Guide key signatures on the staff Each entered note is automatically given a sharp flat or natural according to its pitch and the key signature Each time you enter a clef and key signature at the start of a b
3. newwordl music newword2 first extension newword2 eee MUSTER second extension When editing a word you will know that it has an extension if you find an unexpected name included at the end Before using DELETE to delete a word that might be extended use the SHOW display to find if there are any extension words to be deleted also a notation for spare structures Finally we can take the overlapping section technique to its extreme to provide separate control over each part s section by using a different letter for each part partla part2b part3c for example The master player can be player 8 needing no voices and we can call its section part8 The end result is a new structure notation of mischievious appearance in which is used to mark the passage of time between groups of simultaneous sections themselves of any length 81234 a b ba c ca cb cba PLAY 27 4 Music input Unlike recording simple music input employs the music keyboard typewriter style with the music appearing in notation form as it is entered Mistakes can be identified and corrected immediately Recording is sometimes described as real time input and simple music input as non real time input or step time input The keyboard offers direct music input to both staff notation in the Staff Editor and AMPLE notation in Notepad In both cases the music keyboard works in parallel with the computer keyboard whose function is
4. overlapping repeats Full sectioning across all parts is found in nearly all types of music but rock and pop music in particular also use repeated sections in individual parts For example a 16 bar verse may have a repeating 4 bar bass section with a non repetitive melody on top part 1 bass lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt etc oraaaa part 2 melody lt n eee ee ee ee E Recording this is simple you put the four bar bass in as partla and the 16 bar melody as part2b not a Play the result with 12 baaaa PLAY Because part 1 has the only a and part 2 the only b the initial ba start together and the b spans all four a s What s more we can use this as the Sections setting to get the full bass backing for the melody recording The whole process is set Player 1 Section a record the four bar bass set Player 2 Section baaaa record the 16 bar melody EP a Generally speaking whenever you want to add a part section or parts section that overlaps an existing repeating part section record it under a unique section letter and insert this letter before the existing letter at which you want it to begin In playing back these overlapping part sections obviously one part has to be the master cueing the entries of the others PLAY always uses the first given player in the digit list as the master so you should make this the most repetitive part and always include it in the se
5. press RETURN to select the first option Keyboard general sounds After a moment the keyboard panel will appear with a flashing block cursor on Simpleins the name of the instrument currently in use If you now play on the keyboard you will hear the plain pure sound of Simpleins The footswitch acts like a piano sustain pedal While the footswitch is pressed the sound of each key will be sustained held on after the key is released until the footswitch is released selecting instruments Tap the SHIFT key to display the names of all currently available instruments Some names are instantly recognisable such as honkytonk some are suggestive but not obvious such as arcopiano and others are descriptive or abstract such as starbrite To select an instrument you use the SHIFT up down left right keys Press and hold down the SHIFT key the flashing block cursor appears on Simpleins the current instrument near the bottom of the list While holding SHIFT use the up down left and right keys to move the Keyboard playing cursor to the name of the instrument you want you can do this very easily using your right thumb on the right SHIFT key When you release SHIFT the new name appears in the panel area at the top of the screen and the instrument is ready to play on the keyboard Some instruments have a sound that decays away to silence while the key is held down These include percussive type instruments
6. choose should be up to nine lower case letters and the word NAME must be in upper case The new name is then shown after making at the top of the screen You now return to edit mode by pressing TAB Now when you press the space bar to return to the keyboard screen the settings of the instrument panel will be stored as a new instrument under the name you chose and it will appear on the list with the others restoring settings You can restore the settings of an instrument so that the changes you made are not stored on return to the keyboard panel To get the original instrument settings back you press TAB to go to command mode and enter for example stringsyn GET or the equivalent stringsynfl with the name of the instrument in quotes This name is shown at the top of the screen as a reminder Press TAB to return to edit mode Though the screen settings are restored the sound will carry on with the old setting until you press fl play to execute the new settings 10 Keyboard playing saving and loading instruments To save the complete set of instruments to disc so that you can carry on using them after loading another set or switching the computer off you use the Studio 5000 Main Menu that you saw when the system first started To call up the Main Menu press TAB for command mode followed by f0 Move the cursor down to Save program by pressing down and then press RETURN In response to the filename request enter
7. that you can add extra effects and sound controls for example MS5TUNE for an overall tuning using text mode KEYB is the name of the initial keyboard panel either the instrument only version or the instrument plus effects versions when an effects using instrument program is loaded KEYB can be entered as a command and used with GET You do not have to enter Notepad via the keyboard panel in order to use the keyboard while editing an instrument You can either use the keyboard panel or KEYB initially just to set up voices and then GET the instrument manually or use it not at all setting the voices up by the command method In the latter case you may want to use KEYS to set a limit on the number of voices that the keyboard tries to use for example 1 KEYS for single voice playing After selecting an instrument on the keyboard panel or setting up the simple keyboard by entering KEYB you can switch to the Mixing Desk and adjust the parameters as normal You can play the keyboard as normal while on the Mixing Desk but switch to command mode to get the best response on big chords The keyboard panel can use mixes instead of instruments just start off with the name of a mix instead of the instrument Again the number of channels per voice is indicated by a number suffix so do not use names like mixl for alternative mixes On the Mixing Desk you can play along with accompanying parts of a complete piece on any unused voices in the mi
8. time signature for example 3 4 Bar 3 6 8 Bar 6y oF 4 8 Bar Tis The Bar setting affects the following the metronome which emphasises the first beat of each bar as a guide but has no effect on the recording itself the final form in the removal of empty whole bars from the end the Play final indication of the number of bars the BAR setting and position of bar lines in the final word If you set Bar to zero then bars are not used at all with the following results the metronome marks the beat only recording goes up to the last filled beat not bar the Play final figure is the number of beats not bars MAKE does not include a BAR setting and bar lines in the word You might use Bar 0 for music with changing time signature or none at all The bar lines in the final word are only really for editing purposes so if you don t need them for this you might decide to save memory by setting Bar 0 before doing MAKE having still recorded with a bar setting to suit the time signature If you want a full number of bars in the word but intend to MAKE it with a zero bar setting you should use a final footswitch tap to make 21I Recording sure you get a full bar at the end To check the results use Play final with Bar 0 to display the number of beats in the recording beat and quantum Both the Beat and Quantum settings are lengths in AMPLE duration units of which there are co
9. two notes rapidly but not together Now lift the footswitch and play slow sustained notes Try setting 3 1 Spread for a stereo sweep 2 Chords Select the Organ instrument With the footswitch down play a large Keyboard playing chord across the whole keyboard for example C E G B C G E C going up from the bottom key 3 Echoes Select the Upright instrument and set 10 Reduce Enter eight slow taps on middle C as the pattern You could try 3 6 Spread for alternating echoes and other pitches in the pattern for a musical echo With a smaller number of echoes say four the echo will be able to store a larger number of delayed notes Split makes each white note in the octave play a particular voice rather than the corresponding pitch All the C s play voice 1 all D s play voice 2 and so on The keys s octave position still controls pitch so for example two adjacent C s still play an octave apart Split is designed for special keyboard applications where a mix is used instead of a single instrument including collections of sound effects and individually tuned pitches The use of mixes is described later on in this chapter for advanced users editing instruments You can adjust the sound parameters of the current instrument on a synthesiser like panel called up by pressing the space bar The instrument panel cursor works in the same way as on the keyboard panel you move to a control with the cursor keys and a
10. two voices Some instruments have fixed pitch for example Cymbal and so sound the same on all keys keyboard effects The lower part of the keyboard panel contains controls for the six preset keyboard effects Each effect modifies the operation of the keyboard in some way according to the value of its number or ON OFF control Initially they are all set for normal operation You can think of the keyboard panel as a control panel with physical knobs and switches The flashing block cursor is your hand you Keyboard playing move it to the control you want to adjust by pressing the cursor keys When you are at a control you grip it by pressing and holding SHIFT and use the cursor keys to move it up or down So to change the TRANS setting you would press down to move the cursor to it from the instrument name and then use SHIFT up and SHIFT down to adjust its value SHIFT left and SHIFT right adjust in steps of ten for more rapid changes To change an ON OFF control such as Expand you use SHIFT up for ON and SHIFT down for OFF TRANS is the transpose control It moves the pitch of the keyboard up or down in semitone units from a normal value of 0 Here are some example settings 1 sound a semitone higher for example transpose from the key of C to the key of C sharp 12 play an octave higher 24 play two octaves lower Scale sets the overall pitch scaling letting you expand or compress the pitch span of t
11. unaffected setting up voices Before calling up the Staff Editor or Notepad you should select an instrument from the keyboard panel if you want to hear the sound while entering music So select Main Menu Keyboard press TAB and select an instrument press TAB 0 and select Staff Editor or Notepad This gives the maximum number of voices for that instrument The voices remain until you play a piece with RUN when they are transferred to the piece s players To get the voices back you should select an instrument from the keyboard panel The READY command also discards all voices To provide a wider selection of instruments for your piece you can load an instrument program before starting as described later in the chapter Managing instruments You may recognise this procedure as equivalent to setting up voices by a command sequence for example READY or Ready system Main Menu option 8 VOICES Upright number of voices and instrument name The keyboard carries out a similar command sequence on each selection 29 Music input music input on the staff When using the Staff Editor the music keyboard is automatically active for entering notes chords and rests Whenever you press a music keyboard key it sounds as normal and the corresponding note is placed on the staff just as if you had entered it using the computer keyboard complete with any sharp flat or natural it needs Pressing the footswitch wh
12. whose physical counterparts are played with mallets Vibglock for example You can either play these in normal keyboard style or with the footswitch held down to reproduce the natural effect of successive notes overlapping In this mode short keypresses act like mallet hits and a momentary lift of the footswitch acts as a damper silencing all notes more instruments The special instrument set contains more complex sounds many of which are sound effects rather than conventional musical sounds To load it press TAB to enter command mode a prompt appears in place of the instrument list and again press f9 to call up the jukebox Press the down key to move the purple menu cursor down to Keyboard special sounds and then press RETURN to select this option When loading has completed you can select instruments just as before Most instruments use two synthesiser channels per voice so up to eight voices can be played simultaneously the synthesiser has a total of sixteen channels More complex instruments use four or more channels per voice so the number of voices is reduced to four or less and a few use all sixteen channels together for a very powerful single voice sound If an instrument uses more than the standard two channels the number is shown at the end of its name and when it s in use the top line of the keyboard panel shows the number of voices available For example zizzysyn8 uses eight channels and provides
13. Play final followed by various settings which we shall discuss later To start any one of the four operations you move the cursor to it and press RETURN The cursor changes to red until you press the space bar to stop the operation You can try this now each operation will just play a metronome beep until you stop it 13 Recording simple recording Start by selecting Perform You can now play the keyboard currently set to play single notes with a simple sound along with the metronome Try out a simple tune that we can use as an example and when you ve finished press the space bar to stop the metronome Initially this metronome is an essential guide for recording The high bleep marks the start of each bar at the moment a four beat bar is in use so every fourth bleep is a high one To record a tune you simply select Record The metronome starts immediately but plays a two bar count in before recording starts so you should start playing on the third high bleep Play your tune and then press the space bar to stop recording Now to replay the recording select Play original and again press he space bar when it finishes If you make a mistake you can restart recording immediately by just pressing RETURN ct The last operation Play final also replays the recording but with any slight deviations in timing corrected This it does by shifting each note and rest to the nearest small sub division of the b
14. TAB to switch to command mode and enter MAKE You can either type it and press RETURN or just press f3 The word is made with the name newword since we have not yet specified a name of our own and the AMPLE notation is displayed as it goes Only the actual musical score information is stored in the word the recorded notes and rests plus automatically inserted sharps flats barlines etc The tempo and instrument are not included so that they can be set independently on the Mixing Desk for example Users of the full AMPLE system will recognise that newword is a completely standard user word which you can play by entering the word name as a command display and edit in staff or AMPLE notation use as part of a complete piece save on disc F re as described in the Music 5000 User Guide for words created using Notepad and the Staff Editor For example to view the music in Staff Notation return to the Main Menu by pressing f0 select Staff editor and enter newword GET short cuts You can make operation swifter by storing the commands you use often on function keys For example you could replace the rarely used SHOW and MEM on f5 and 6 as follows KEY5 CHANS FIND M display the list of instrument names KEY6 IMAKE I make the word from edit mode II TAB Also remember that you can use a dot to abbreviate a word name to save typing For example Vibglock can be abbreviated toVibg Upright c
15. The Hybrid Music System for the BBC Microcomputer MUSIC KEYBOARD USER GUIDE First published 1987 Copyright C 1987 Hybrid Technology Limited All rights reserved Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained herein may be adapted or reproduced in any form without the prior written approval of Hybrid Technology Limited Hybrid Technology Limited Unit 3 Robert Davies Court Nuffield Road CAMBRIDGE CB4 1TP Written by Chris Jordan Issue XL Contents Ok WNER Introduction Keyboard playing Recording Music input Managing instruments 13 29 35 1 Introduction The Music 5000 Synthesiser Music 4000 Keyboard and AMPLE operating software are the major components of the Hybrid Music System for the BBC Microcomputer the most powerful versatile and easy to use low cost computer music system available today To the facilities of the Music 5000 the Music 4000 adds polyphonic keyboard performance with an enormous range of pre and user defined digital instrument sounds and special effects multi track keyboard recording with complete arrangement and editing facilities including staff and AMPLE music notation easy to use and versatile step time music input in staff or AMPLE music notation with full display and immediate editing keyboard performance integrated into all operations including instrument editing and mixing This guide is designed for both completely new users appr
16. a simple name of not more that seven characters and press RETURN To return to the keyboard panel select the Keyboard option and press TAB to go to edit mode You can reload the saved set of instruments at any time replacing the one in memory using the Load program option in the same way keyboard panel access You began this session by selecting one of the keyboard options on the jukebox This was equivalent to Load program to load the example instrument program and effects Keyboard to call up the keyboard panel TAB f2 to enter edit mode and engage panel operation When using other parts of the system you may find it useful to carry out these steps manually For example you can call up a simple keyboard panel with just the preset instruments and no effects by selecting New program then Keyboard keyboard panel commands Two further commands are useful at the keyboard panel entered in command mode as before DELETE removes the named instrument entirely for example myins DELETE RENAME changes the name of an existing instrument for example newword superins RENAME If you delete or change the name of the currently selected instrument you should re enter the keyboard panel through the Keyboard option on the Main Menu Keyboard playing advanced use If you are familiar with Notepad you will recognise that keyboard panels can be created and stored as words just like instruments and
17. ample The two supplied sets of keyboard instruments and the advanced mix for recording are instrument programs as are any instrument sets you create for the keyboard In keyboard playing you load an instrument program possibly via the jukebox and the names of those instruments and the preset ones are presented for selection on the keyboard panel In recording and other piece building you can load an instrument program before beginning or add instruments to a piece under development as described below The names of all available instruments are shown at selection time on the Mixing Desk You can make your own instrument programs for either of these uses simply by creating instruments either from preset instruments those in a previously loaded instrument program or from scratch and saving the program under a suitable name 35 Managing instruments key effects usage The general and special keyboard instrument programs automatically call in the extra keyboard effects module KFX when loaded to make its effects available on the keyboard panel The system knows that the instrument program needs KFX because the program contains a reference to it in the word usekfx which serves this purpose only Any instrument program derived from either of the supplied keyboard ones will also contain usekfx and therefore will also call it in You can make a non KFX calling version of either program by just deleting usekfx before s
18. an be abbreviated toUp 16 Recording setting a name Initially the name to be used for the word the making name shown at the top is set automatically but you can set it yourself with the NAME command on f2 for example tune NAME or tunef2 To return to automatic name setting enter WUNAME or f2 If you don t want the fixed two bar count in you can turn the Count in setting to OFF Record then gives you an indefinite count in by not starting recording until you play the first note so you can begin at any time This doesn t stop you recording some silence at the start if you want to to do this simply select Record and tap the footswitch when you want the recording to actually start ON OFF settings like this one are adjusted like numbers using SHIFT up for ON and SHIFT down for OFF The final version of the recording normally stops after the last note without any redundant silence at the end but you can include silence after the last note by marking the desired end point with a footswitch tap before pressing the space bar to stop In any event the Recorder always makes up full bars at the start and end multi part recording If you have created multi part pieces with the Staff Editor or Notepad you will know that this is simply a matter of entering the parts as separate words called party part2 etc The command RUN or its Main Menu equivalent then plays all the parts together You can use th
19. anging from 0 silence to 15 maximum You can adjust it in the same way as the tempo for example reducing it to 0 to replay a recording without the metronome sounding voices and instruments If you are in doubt as to the meanings of voice and instrument see the Music 5000 User Guide Glossary Initially just one voice is supplied so only one note can be played at a time To get more voices you just increase the Voices setting before selecting Perform or Record Only one is provided initially because later on some will be used by other parts Just below Voices is Instru which carries the name of the instrument in use You can replace the plain Simpleins sound by any available instrument including presets such as Upright Organ or Vibglock and any additional ones you may have loaded The instrument selection is not recorded with the music so like the tempo you can choose a different one for playback To select a new instrument move to Instru and press SHIFT A line cursor appears inviting you to type in the new instrument name followed by RETURN You can return to the old instrument name which appears above as a reminder at this point by just pressing RETURN first removing any typing with DELETE Remember that you can get a list of instruments with the command CHANS FIND 15 Recording storing as a word To store the final form of the recorded music as an AMPLE word you press
20. aving under a new name for example kins1l LOAD usekfx DELETE insl SAVE The new version would then be more suitable for piece building for example adding instruments To add the instruments oil an instrument program on disc to a piece under development you cannot simply load the instrument program since this will wipe out the piece in memory Instead you must use a text file form of the instrument program previously created using the SPOOL command as follows insprog LOAD SPOOL instext WRITE SPOOL load instrument program create text file send all words to it finish up de Ale oe You can now add the words of this separate instrument text file toa program already in memory by EXEC instext Note that text files are not AMPLE programs so they cannot be loaded with LOAD 36 Managing instruments redundant instruments If you build a piece of music on top of an instrument program such as the advanced mix file used in recording the final program will contain all these instrument words most of which will be unused The same applies if you add an instrument program after starting using the text file method This does no harm and indeed the additional instruments will be available for re mixing but the program will be bigger than necesary and may be confusing to anyone else who looks at it You can remove any unwanted instrument word using the DELETE command for example stringsyn DELETE
21. ay find it preferable to set up a mix without the music playing using the keyboard to sound the voices instead or leave the music playing but use the keyboard to sound voices that are silent for long sections If you want to actually play along with the scored parts of the music set over to ON by pressing o for the best performance You may want to use the KEYS command to set the maximum number of keys that will play for example 1 KEYS if there is a single voice on the player This will avoid lost notes when you play a two note chord in going from one key to the next 33 5 Managing instruments There are two kinds of instrument definitions in AMPLE Preset instruments which cannot be altered though can be edited into user words are always available have names starting with upper case letters e g Ringsyn are displayed at the bottom of instrument lists Non preset instruments which can be altered and deleted are not always available but loaded from disc when required have names starting with lower case letters e g arcopiano include predefined and user instruments We consider a non preset instrument to be pre defined if it was made in advance of use as the examples called up from the jukebox or user defined if made there and then instrument programs An instrument program is an AMPLE program consisting of instrument definition words for use on the keyboard or in a piece for ex
22. d with versions with different quantum sizes and therefore different note selections key signature The Key sig setting allows you to choose the key signature in which the music will be written for ease of editing The whole range of standard signatures from seven sharps to seven flats is available selected as you d expect by the SHIFT cursor keys and displayed in AMPLE notation Operation is entirely automatic so all you do is choose the required signature before MAKE Note that whatever the key signature used the sounding results are the same If you are not interested in the appearance of the scored music the only reason for setting a key signature is to avoid the consumption of memory by sharps and flats on all the black notes 22 Recording including text The setting at the bottom of the screen is Text holding a single line which is included at the start of the final word Initially it contains just SCORE to set all music variables to defined values at the start of the word but you can add any of the music effects and modifications such as Len that are available when entering music in Notepad or the Staff Editor To change the Text line you move to it and press SHIFT and a line cursor appears for you to enter the new line The old line is shown immediately above so you can use COPY to save re typing If you have used a large quantum removing the short rests between the notes of the original record
23. djust it with the SHIFT cursor keys The keyboard is active throughout so you can hear the effect of your changes immediately The various instrument panel controls are fully explained in the chapter Making instruments in the Music 5000 User Guide but for now feel free to experiment guided by the names of the controls To return to the keyboard panel storing the instrument with the changes you ve made you press the space bar once more preset instruments Some instruments have names with upper case initials and always appear at the bottom of the list These preset instruments are always available and cannot be changed If you edit one of these the changed instrument will be stored as a new one called newword which will then appear on the instrument list for selection like any other Keyboard playing new instruments You can store a changed instrument under a new name so that it becomes a new instrument independent of the original You do this from the instrument panel by using a command To enter a command from the instrument panel you press the TAB key to go to command mode A prompt and flashing line cursor appear at the bottom where you can type commands without disturbing the panel At any time you can press TAB to return to edit mode where you work on the panel normally To change the name of the instrument you enter for example myins NAME or the equivalent myinsf2 and press RETURN The name you
24. e Recorder in exactly the same way A starter program is provided on the original System Disc for this session To load it make sure you are in command mode and press f9 When the jukebox menu appears select Recorder advanced mix This contains a mix for six parts of music plus a selection of alternative instruments but no music Note for users of non shadow RAM computers e g standard Model B the advanced mix leaves insufficient memory for the Staff Editor to be used If you intend to use the Staff Editor on the recording select Recorder basic mix instead The basic mix is identical except T7 Recording that fewer alternative instruments are provided To use the mix instruments for recording rather than Simpleins set Instru to blank by moving to it and pressing SHIFT space bar then RETURN Now we are ready to record The Player setting is the number of the part being recorded for simple recording we used player 0 To record part 1 of your piece set Player to 1 and carry on as before optionally select Perform to try the tune on the instrument select Record and start playing on the third high bleep optionally select Play final to hear the quantised form press TAB f3 to make the word a ae To record a second part move Player up to 2 and repeat You will hear part 1 play back as part 2 is recorded Play original and Play final also play the previous parts along with the n
25. eat called a quantum Listen closely to the Play final form and you will hear that the quantised form is very similar to the original because a small quantum size is currently in use When you stop Play final after the end of the tune you will see an indication of the number of bars recorded changing tempo You can replay the recording faster or slower by changing the tempo setting You alter any Recorder setting number just as you do a Notepad sound control using SHIFT up to increase and SHIFT down to decrease move the cursor to the setting press the SHIFT key while holding SHIFT down press up and down until the desired value is shown release SHIFT The tempo setting is the number of crotchet 48 unit beats per minute Try increasing the tempo from the initial 125 and then select Play final to hear the tune at the higher speed You could produce the same result by replaying at the normal 125 but having recorded at a lower setting say 80 This trick lets you produce final music that you could not play at its full speed The freedom to 14 Recording set a different value for each operation is available on all Recorder settings not just tempo as we shall see later When adjusting a number setting you can also use the SHIFT right and SHIFT left to increase and decrease in larger steps particularly useful for wide ranging settings like tempo The Metro setting is the volume of the metronome r
26. ece at this point To store the altered mix so it will be used for recording enter MAKE 3 in command mode re recording You can re record a part at any time by just setting Players to the number of the part before recording Until you enter MAKE the old version will still exist in word form for you to retain should you wish Once you have created a mix it will automatically be used for backing parts played by the Recorder so your re recording session will have the advantage of the final sounds If you prefer to use your choice of instruments from the very start of recording you can follow this procedure record and MAKE dummy empty versions of each of the parts set up and MAKE the mix on the Mixing Desk record the real versions of each of the parts Any other way of making a mix is also acceptable for example you could load a previously prepared mix from disc Currently each part uses its mix instrument even when given over to the keyboard for recording You could use an instrument in place of the part s instrument by giving the keyboard an instrument of its own using Instru Note that RUN plays the piece at the tempo set on the Mixing Desk but on the Recorder screen this is overridden by the Tempo setting At any time you can erase all the stored parts and the mix the complete user data by selecting New program from the Main Menu or entering the command NEW You may then want to reload the exa
27. enu or by entering the SAVE command directly To reload the piece use the Load program option or the LOAD command and to play it enter RUN or select Run program on the Main Menu controlling backing parts The Backing line includes an overall ON OFF control and digits for the parts that are to play when the backing is ON Initially the backing is ON and parts 1 2 3 and 4 are selected This doesn t stop you recording and playing back on parts 5 8 but you won t hear them as backing parts while recording others SHIFT up and SHIFT down set the overall ON OFF control and SHIFT 1 to SHIFT 8 toggle the state of the eight individual parts For example 20 Recording to turn part 2 off you press SHIFT 2 To turn it on again press SHIFT 2 once more The more backing parts you use and the busier they are the less power the computer can spend on the recording so for the best results turn off those parts that are not required You will rarely need more than three backing parts anyway percussion parts Drum parts are recorded in exactly the same way as any other The example mix has suitable instruments on parts band 5 ready for you to record on A good choice of backing parts for rock and pop music is just the percussion and bass so you could start a recording with these then set the backing to 1 45 for the others bars The Bar setting determines the number of beats in the bar It can be set to suit any
28. ew one In general you can record up to eight parts like this but for now stick to two single voice ones Also keep them short full parts are best recorded in sections as we shall see later Each time you set Player the making name changes to suit so the words are automatically named partl part2 etc At any point you can play on the keyboard without recording by using Perform and if on a Play final hearing you don t like the recorded part simply re record it before storing with MAKE To play back the parts together as the full piece make sure you are in command mode and enter RUN or press f0 to return to the Main Menu and select Run program creating a mix At the moment your piece has the instruments of the example mix To make your own selection of instruments with volume and stereo position of each voice you use the Mixing Desk as described in the Music 5000 User Guide Recall the Main Menu by pressing 0 in command mode and select Mixing Desk You will see the instruments you have used plus others ready for further parts To change an instrument press TAB to enter edit mode and 18 Recording move the cursor band to the instrument press SHIFT list of alternatives will appear while holding SHIFT move the small cursor to another instrument release SHIFT You can try out the sound by playing on the keyboard You can also set the tempo and overall tuning for the pi
29. first PRINT FX6 You can add this command to the BOOT file of your system disc so tha it is carried out automatically when you start up For details see the BOOT file in the Music 5000 User Guide chapter Further use of AMPLE 40
30. gth without recourse to the computer keyboard continuous pressing keys in time and marking each additional beat with a footswitch tap The first note entered after you go into edit mode will always be given a setting To call for one in the middle of a passage at the start of a phrase for example press TAB twice If you are familiar with AMPLE notation you should have no difficulty following the example session given above substituting Notepad for the Staff Editor and replacing steps 5 6 and 7 with their Notepad equivalents Just as on the staff each new key signature or SCORE must be played before note entry A typical sequence might be SCORE K F K fl music keys You should use RETURN to start each new line rather than let the text flow over the line end Apart from making an uneditable mess uncontrolled line endings will prevent the music playing on fl play if a chord gets split over the line end since this is not allowed If you feel tempted to play away on the keyboard without looking at the screen then you should probably be using the Recorder instead 32 Music input playing on the Mixing Desk he keyboard is also useful at the mixing stage of piece building At any ime during mixing notes played on the music keyboard will sound on the oice on which the cursor rests If there is more than one voice on a layer keys are assigned from the first voice upwards so you can play hords Qa g atH You m
31. he keyboard for exotic effects The control number is the interval between adjacent keys in sixteenth semitone units so the initial value of 16 gives the normal chromatic musical interval Try the following settings 40 ten octave span for sound effects 32 whole tone scale 8 quarter tone scale a thirty second tone scale Try playing groups of adjacent keys as chords on a pure instrument like Vibglock 0 all keys play the same pitch 16 reversed pitches inverted intervals Try playing a familiar tune or two hand keyboard piece Reduce reduces the volume of successive voices by the amount set The initial value of 0 leaves all voices at the same volume This is mainly intended for use with Expand as described below Spread positions the voices in the stereo field Its two numbers are left number position of first voice 3 left to 3 right right number offset of each successive voice for example 1 gives one to the right and 1 gives one to the left Positions are reflected back at the limits of 3 and 3 The range is 6 to 6 The initial setting of 0 0 puts all voices in the centre A wide range of stereo effects is available including 3 0 all voices full left Keyboard playing 3 1 voices spread from left to right 3 2 voices spread from left to right and back again 3 6 voices alternating right and left 0 3 voices positioned centre right center left etc O 4 arbitrary spread Expand is a powerful mode that t
32. ile no keys are down places a rest on the staff To enter a chord you press and hold down each key in turn You could press all the keys together but since the notes are written in the order you play them you ll get the clearest results by going key by key from the bottom up or top down This will also keep each line of notes on its own voice allowing you to treat them independently on the Mixing Desk Just as on the computer keyboard each note and rest adopts the duration of the following note or rest so again you use a temporary note to carry the current note value which you then set using the SHIFT left and SHIFT right keys All additional symbols such as ties dots clefs and barlines are entered as before from the computer keyboard and any mistakes made on the music keyboard can be removed with the DELETE key You can also lengthen an individual note as you enter it by pressing the footswitch while the key is down Each press advances to the next longest note value Using this facility you can enter most passages of music with a single initial note value trying out tunes To try out ideas on the keyboard without notes going on to the staff TAB to command mode Here the keyboard works exactly as it does in normal playing an example session Here is an example session to introduce you to making a piece by keyboard music input on the staff starting at the Main Menu 1 Load the advanced mix example by selecting
33. ing you will often want to include a Len instruction to restore a detached style of playing The following text line does this SCORE 3 Len Where natural inter note gaps do remain in the final version a ve Len instruction would ensure that all notes are detached Similarly you can include a 24 Len instruction for example to enforce a staccato effect on any notes that are not already short If you want a totally blank text line enter just a single space Leaving SCORE out like this allows you to treat the word as a sub section to which music effects can be applied at the section level see the Music 5000 User Guide Remember that you can set all settings back to initial values at any time using the CLEAR command f4 This clears the just recorded part from the Recorder but has no effect on the user program the stored parts and mix recording sections The piece building power of AMPLE encourages you to create all but the smallest multi part pieces in sections natural vertical divisions such as verses and choruses This lets you edit and rearrange the music much more easily avoid wasting work and memory on repeats of the same material build parts that are too long to record in one go We identify each section of the piece s material by a lower case letter and the Sections line holds the letter of the section being 23 Recording worked on by the Recorder So to record section a of a piece you mo
34. itself since after any Recorder operation all voices are left for you to MAKE into a mix if you so choose For example to put two voices on part 1 set Players 1 Voices 24 run Perform momentarily e call up the Mixing Desk e MAKE the new mix highlighting the keyboard part You may find it useful to boost the volume of the keyboard voices when recording against backing parts You can override the mix volume for the player being recorded on by putting a VOL instruction on the otherwise blank Instru line for example 128 VOL for maximum volume Unless the mix faders are at maximum already this will make the voices of whichever part is being recorded stand out You might want to create an alternative mix with all volumes reduced just for this purpose Another way of highlighting the recording part is by moving it to one side of the stereo field using PAN For example to move it to the far right put 3 PAN on the Instru line 26 Recording large parts MAKE will split a large recording into separate words if as a single word it would be too big to edit conveniently This is completely automatic and does not affect replay of the part so most of the time you don t need to worry about it The main word holds the first page of the music and calls the first of a chain of extension words which have the same name plus a single digit added at the end for example newword music newwordl main word
35. lank staff press fl play to register it for the notes to follow Even if there is no key signature other than the clef still play it to cancel any previous key signature A typical sequence is enter CLEAR or press f4 and press TAB press Cc for the clef press k for the key signature of two sharps press fl play to register the key signature press music keys to enter notes If the music contains a change of key signature you would usually divide it into sections or subsections at this point so the new key signature appears at the start of the staff If there are many 31 Music input changes in a short passage you can enter it in one section but after each new signature play the music up to and including it by pressing fl play as normal music entry in Notepad When in Notepad s text mode the music keyboard enters AMPLE notation in an analogous fashion A single key press enters a normal note and while the key is down further presses enter additional chord notes in brackets A single footswitch press with no key down enters a rest or chord rest as appropriate Again in command mode the keyboard plays normally without entering notes The footswitch is also used for hold signs to extend a note you keep the key down and tap the footswitch once for each hold required This gives you a choice of two styles of music entry one note at a time using the footswitch to set any multiple of the basic len
36. me your delete files carefully so it is clear which instrument programs they refer to and that they are not AMPLE programs separating instruments The text file method offers a convenient way of transferring individual instrument words or groups of them between programs You could use it to compile new instrument programs out of words taken from others or from finished pieces You can also keep often used instruments singly in separate text files for individual addition to pieces under development The procedure for a single instrument is insprog LOAD SPOOL instext insname TYPE SPOOL oe load instrument program create text file send just one word to it finish up de Ale dO To include further instruments in the file add the appropriate TYPE commands after the existing one To add the instrument insname to the program already in memory enter EXEC insname When storing many instruments singly on disc it s a good idea to keep them on a separate disc reserved for this purpose 38 6 Additional facilities The Studio 5000 4 disc supplied with the Music 4000 Keyboard has an additional facility to print out staff notation This works from within the Staff Editor and prints a copy of its staff exactly as it appears on the screen To use this facility you must have an Epson compatible printer in particular one that supports bit image graphic mode simple printing First make sure your printer is turned o
37. mple mix 19 Recording recording chords Recording a part with chords is simple remembering that you must set the Voices for the number of simultaneous notes required Part 6 has three voices with the Upright instrument ready for recording chords just set Player 6 Voices 3 and proceed as before When re recording a chord part remember to set Voices accordingly When you get on to recording multi voice polyphonic parts take care to remember what a part actually is so that each one can be recorded and replayed separately from the others For example piano music written on two staves left and right hand may contain any number of parts To separate them you have to read the music carefully a part may even cross between the staves using many voices If you play a part with piano style use of sustain you will probably use more voices than the number of notes in the biggest chord but never more than the limit set by Voices The more voices you choose to use for the part the fuller will be the sustain effect This technique can be used to add a rich reverberant quality to single voice tunes played on decaying sounds such as Vibglock and Upright simply select two or more voices and keep the footswitch down throughout recording Voices controls the degree of the effect on replay and MAKE saving the piece You can save the complete piece at this stage with the Save program option on the Main M
38. n and ready to print To print a copy of the section of the staff on the screen make sure you o are in command mode at the prompt and enter PRINT RETURN The printer will print a copy of the screen plus the next screenful along the staff to the right as a single line of staff across the page If for any reason you need to stop the printing before it finishes press ESCAPE multiple printing The paper is effectively twice the width of the screen so a single PRINT prints the screenful currently displayed plus the screenful immediately to the right what you would see after moving right with CTRL right as a single page line You can print a staff that is longer than two screenfuls one page line at a time as follows press CTRL up to move to the start of the staff enter TAB PRINT RETURN TAB to print the first two screens press CTRL right twice to move on by two screens enter TAB PRINT RETURN TAB to print the next two screens repeat the last two steps until all the music is printet 39 Additional facilities using manual LF printers If your printer is correctly set up for use with the BBC Microcomputer then it will be in auto LF mode probably set by an internal switch and the staff print will work without further action If the printer is in manual LF mode the staff will appear compressed on a single line of the paper To make it print properly enter the following command before entering the
39. nventionally 48 to the crotchet Lengths for all the normal note values 24 48 96 etc and their triplet equivalents 16 32 64 etc are available with the SHIFT cursor keys moving up and down this set See the Music 5000 User Guide Chapter 11 under for a full explanation of the values The beat length corresponds to the bottom number of the time signature so for example you would set it to 24 and Bar to 3 for a signature of 3 8 It has no direct effect on the final sound The quantum is the smallest unit in which the length of notes and rests will be represented so its setting does affect the final sound The initial value of 12 can be decreased to let more timing detail through or increased up to the length of the beat to bring notes and rests into stricter alignment for example if your most accurate rendition of a tune still has notes falling off the beat The lower the Quantum setting the more complicated the editable form of the music will be The style of the AMPLE notation is also influenced by the Beat setting In particular you can set Beat to equal Quantum before MAKE to eliminate settings in favour of strings of symbols for long notes The Quantum setting can also be used for deliberate musical effect For example you could record a fast note pattern possibly at slow speed and MAKE it with a large quantum size so that only a few notes are selected from it This could be combine
40. oaching the system from the keyboard performance side and existing users who have some experience of AMPLE and the Music 5000 New users should start by reading chapters 1 and 2 of the Music 5000 User Guide As you progress through this guide you will find direct references to the Music 5000 User Guide which you can either skip over or follow up for detailed information on the subject You can also use the Music 5000 User Guide index to locate specific subjects Remember that the Music 5000 User Guide contains a Glossary of Terms that you may find useful Experienced users will be able to skip over much of the information on general operating detail since this follows the established AMPLE pattern 2 Keyboard playing before you begin You should have a system set up as described in the Music 5000 and Music 4000 Installation Guides including a Studio 5000 4 system disc created from the issue disc supplied with your Music 4000 Keyboard You should also have read the introduction to this Guide Turn on your computer system Music 5000 and amplifier and continue starting the system Put the Studio 5000 4 system disc in drive 0 usually the top drive and press SHIFT BREAK After the system has loaded you will see the Studio 5000 Main Menu keyboard playing A set of general keyboard instrument sounds are supplied on the system disc ready for you to play To load them press f9 then when the Music 4000 Example Files menu appears
41. ransforms each keypress into a programmable pitch arpeggio chord sequence or echo pattern using the key s pitch and duration To engage expand mode you set the ON OFF control to ON To program the pattern you press and hold the footswitch play up to eight notes either in sequence or as a chord release the footswitch If you play a sequence that is single notes only its replay speed is determined by the time interval of the last two presses Now when you press a key the pattern plays transposed from middle C to the pitch of the key with each note taking the duration of the keypress Here are some of the effects available with the type of pattern required for each effect pattern transpose from mid C a single keypress at the new key note echo repeated taps on middle C one for each echo transposed chord chord played in key of C compound timbre chord of harmonic pitches e g octaves across the keyboard or octave plus fifth arpeggio arpeggio sequence tune tune sequence using short keypresses on play complex texture widely scattered pitch sequence normal none just tap the footswitch You will find that many of these can be combined since they are all variations on the same principle Here are three examples to get you started set ON Expand first 1 Arpeggios Select the Vibglock instrument With the footswitch down start at the C below middle C and enter the rising pattern CEGBCEGC Play the last
42. t of backing parts alternative mixes You are free to make alternative mixes and use them when recording for new and backing parts To create an alternative mix you start with the standard mix on the Mixing Desk make the necessary adjustments and then MAKE it under another name for example mix1l NAME MAKE The name should always be mix plus a digit To make the Recorder use the new mix just add its digit at the 25 Recording start of the Sections line The orginal mix is called just mix and is used whenever you don t have a digit at the start of Sections as is normally the case To apply alternative mixes sub mixes and unmixes in the final piece you follow the same procedure as for a non recorded piece See the Music 5000 User Guide for details Whenever you come to use MAKE on a numbered mix you should check that the making name is correct and set it with NAME if necessary building mixes It is not essential to have an existing mix when you start on a piece If there is no word called mix present for example if you selected New program and went straight into recording then one voice of Simpleins is automatically assigned to each player As described in the Music 5000 User Guide under Building Pieces you can then MAKE a mix of your own from this to be used from then on To add further voices on a part you can either use the standard command method see Building Pieces or the Recorder
43. ve to Sections and press SHIFT a RETURN before beginning with the first part Now when you store successive parts as words they go under the names partla part2a etc To record a further section of material change the section to b and proceed as before Recording and playing of backing parts is totally independent of section a playing section sequences When the Sections setting is blank as it has been so far the parts are made in a single un lettered section which can be played by RUN To play a sectioned piece we use PLAY instead described in the Music 5000 User Guide specifying the players parts to be used and the sequence of sections required for example 123 aaaa PLA 12 abab PLA repeat section a four times parts 1 2 amp 3 Y Y play a then b twice parts 1 and 2 You can type this as a direct command or put in a word called RUN to replace the normal RUN RUN 123 aaaa PLAY Now entering RUN will play the sectioned piece If you need to return to the blank Sections line you can do so by entering a single space on it silent part sections We can represent a sectioned piece visually as follows part 1 a b a b etc part 2 a b a b This regular shape includes all of partla partlb part2a etc but you are free to leave a hole where a part doesn t play in a certain section by not recording or later DELETEing that part section word 24 Recording
44. x The over control should be set ON for keyboard priority in this case and you should also set KEYS to the number of voices available 12 3 Recording As you play the keyboard information about which keys are pressed is sent to the synthesiser which then plays the corresponding notes The principle of recording is to store this information so that the performance can be replayed However the point of recording is not precise reproduction but the natural entry of musical material which can then be processed edited and rearranged if needed to build a complete piece This is what we shall be dealing with in this chapter the Recorder screen Before starting this session select New program from the Main Menu to clear out any program currently in the computer To call up the Recorder simply select it from the main menu Like all other AMPLE screens you swap between command mode where you can type commands at the S prompt and edit mode where you carry out main operations by pressing the TAB key In command mode the cursor is a small flashing line at the S prompt and in edit mode it is a horizontal purple band You can return to the Main Menu at any time by pressing 0 in command mode The edit mode works like the Main Menu you use the up and down keys to move the purple cursor to the option you want The vertical list of options has four operations at the top Perform Record Play original and
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